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The start-up process of centrifugal pump will produce large transient effect, which can be reduced by selecting the appropriate rotational speed change rule. In this paper, a three-dimensional model of the full flow path of a single-stage single-suction clean water centrifugal pump is established, and SST turbulence model is used. The internal flow characteristics of the centrifugal pump with two linear start-up schemes of 0.1 s and 0.3 s were studied, respectively. The numerical simulation results show that, in the process of starting the centrifugal pump, when the 0.3 s start-up scheme is started, the centrifugal pump head and flow have been reduced to varying degrees. The radial force amplitude of 0.1 s start-up scheme is 2.4 times that of 0.3 s start-up scheme, and the axial force of 0.1 s start-up scheme fluctuates about 5% of axial force amplitude when the impeller reaches the design rotational speed. The vorticity distribution in the starting process shows that the vorticity distribution in the 0.3 s start-up scheme is more regular, and the slender high vorticity area is only distributed near the blade side. During the start-up process, the wall entropy production and turbulent dissipation entropy production is the largest. The impeller region of high entropy production rate are mainly at the outlet of impeller channel during the starting process of centrifugal pump. In the starting process of 0.3 s start-up scheme, the region of high entropy production rate is smaller and reaches the stable state faster. The research shows that 0.3 s start-up scheme can reduce the transient effect caused by centrifugal pump start-up process compared with 0.1 s start-up scheme.

Summary SentenceHOTAIR and FBN2 reduced the risk of URSA by enhancing cell viability, migration, and invasion, while miR-1277-5p exerted the opposite effects.Graphical AbstractVillus tissues from unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients (unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion group, n = 47) and women with voluntary termination of pregnancy (Normal group, n = 47) were collected. lncRNA- HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA siRNA, pcDNA3.1-lncRNA- HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA, miR-1277-5p inhibitor, miR-1277-5p mimics, and si-fibrillin 2 were transfected into human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the level of lncRNA HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA. Then cell counting kit-8 assay, scratch assay, and Transwell assay were used to detect cell viability, migration ability, and invasion ability. The interaction between HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and miR-1277-5p, as well as between miR-1277-5p and fibrillin 2, was determined by bioinformatics prediction and Dual-luciferase reporter assay.Our research results indicate that HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA was downregulated in chorionic villi tissues from unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients. Overexpression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA significantly enhanced the viability, migration, and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, while knockdown of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA had the opposite effects. We further confirmed the regulatory effect of the HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA /miR-1277-5p/fibrillin 2 signaling axis in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Specifically, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and fibrillin 2 were found to reduce the risk of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion by enhancing cell viability, migration, and invasion, whereas miR-1277-5p exerted the opposite effects.

Chronic overexposure to manganese (Mn) may result in neurotoxicity, which is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to utilize multivariate source-based morphometry (SBM) to explore the biomarkers for distinguishing Mn-exposed welders from healthy controls (HCs).

With the continuous advancement of IC packaging technology, 3D and 2.5D packaging systems have emerged as the prevailing trends. The advantages of large area and high I/O density have made fan-out panel-level packaging (FOPLP) been considered as one of the best package types for 3D and 2.5D packaging applications. The discussions about FOPLP have been popular recently. Warpage and reliability of FOPLP are the main concerns of packaging engineers. However, it was found that warpage and reliability of FOPLP are strongly related to the fabrication process but not many research works have been published. Thus, reliability analysis procedure considering the residual stress of fabrication process was proposed in this paper to observe warpage and stress distribution during fabrication process. Then, this research procedure facilitates subsequent fatigue life calculations and predicts reliability of the package.

Objectives Schwannoma arising from cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) is a rare clinical entity. CSC is hard to preserve in CSC schwannoma (CSCS) surgeries, resulting in Horner’s syndrome (HS) and first bite syndrome (FBS). This article aims to explore our experience in successful preservation of CSC in CSCS surgeries.Methods This is a retrospective review of CSCS cases treated at our tertiary medical institution between Apr 2018 and March 2022. Only cases with successful intraoperative preservation of CSC were included.Results In total, 3 cases were included. There were 2 male patients and 1 female patient. Their age was between 38 years old and 66 years old (average and median age was 52 and 51 years old, respectively). Presenting symptom was neck mass for all them, 2 of which were on the left side, while 1 was on the right. Intracapsular enucleation of the CSCS was attempted and achieved in all 3 cases. Hemorrhage from the inner surface of capsules was diffuse and heavy. Constant saline irrigation, suction, and bipolar coagulation were needed to achieve hemostasis. Postoperative HS presented between 4 hours and 14 hours after surgery for all 3 patients, which took 1 month to 3 months to recover, whereas FBS did not occur in any patient. Median duration of follow-up was 6 months. No recurrence was observed.Conclusions Intracapsular enucleation should be attempted in CSCS surgeries, although hemorrhage might be diffuse and hard to control. When intracapsular enucleation was achieved, postoperative FBS can be avoided, while postoperative HS could occur, but its recovery was satisfactory.

Objective: Hemophilia carriers (HCs), who are heterozygous for mutations in the clotting factor VIII/clotting factor IX gene (F8or F9), may have a wide range of clotting factor levels, from very low, similar to afflicted males, to the upper limit of normal, and may experience mental health issues. The purpose of this study was to provide genetic information on mothers of hemophilia patients and to understand the clotting factor activity and phenotype of HCs. Additionally, we aimed to investigate the mental health status of HCs in China. Methods: A total of 127 hemophilia mothers, including 93 hemophilia A (HA) mothers and 34 hemophilia B (HB) mothers, were enrolled in this study. Long distance PCR, multiplex PCR, and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze mutations in F8or F9. Coagulation factor activity was detected by a one-stage clotting assay. The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90, China/Mandarin version) was given to HCs at the same time to assess their mental health. Results: A total of 90.6% of hemophilia mothers were diagnosed genetically as carriers, with inversion in intron 22 and missense mutations being the most common mutation types in HA and HB carriers, respectively. The median clotting factor level in carriers was 0.74 IU/mL (ranging from 0.09 to 1.74 IU/mL) compared with 1.49 IU/mL (ranging from 0.93 to 1.89 IU/mL) in noncarriers, of which 14.3% of HCs had clotting factor levels of 0.40 IU/mL or below. A total of 53.8% (7/13) of HA carriers with low clotting factor levels (less than 0.50 IU/mL) had a history of bleeding, while none of the HB carriers displayed a bleeding phenotype. The total mean score and the global severity index of the SCL-90 for surveyed HCs were 171.00 (±60.37) and 1.78 (±0.59), respectively. A total of 67.7% of the respondents had psychological symptoms, with obsessive-compulsive disorder being the most prevalent and severe. The pooled estimates of all nine factors were significantly higher than those in the general population (P<0.05). Conclusions: The detection rate of gene mutations in hemophilia mothers was 90.6%, with a median clotting factor level of 0.74 IU/mL, and 14.3% of HCs had a clotting factor level of 0.40 IU/mL or below. A history of bleeding was present in 41.2% of HCs with low clotting factor levels (less than 0.50 IU/mL). Additionally, given the fragile mental health status of HCs in China, it is critical to develop efficient strategies to improve psychological well-being.

Objectives Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) formation following open surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) is a common and troublesome complication. To date, the postoperative protocol of restarting oral intake is not clear, and vast discrepancies exist in the literature and among institutions. This study aimed to explore the impact of a postoperative protocol of restarting oral intake on PCF formation after open surgical treatment of primary HPC, and its impact on overall survival (OS) and swallowing function based on the functional outcome swallowing scale (FOSS).Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study of 42 patients who received open surgical treatment for primary HPC at Beijing Friendship Hospital between April 2019 and August 2021. This cohort included two groups: patients who restarted oral intake on the 10th postoperative day (Group 1), and those who started on the 20th (Group 2). The Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact chi-squared test were used for comparing qualitative data among the groups.Results Group 1 (n = 27) and Group 2 (n = 15) were comparable in clinical characteristics. PCF occurred in 7 (25.9%) patients in Group 1, while none occurred in Group 2 (P= 0.038). The 2-year OS of all 42 patients was 75.6%; 65.8% and 93.3% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P= 0.07). The swallowing function was satisfactory (FOSS Grades 0–III) for 19 (70.4%) patients in Group 1 and 15 (100%) patients in Group 2 (P= 0.035). Laryngeal preservation was achieved in 25 (59.5%) patients, while decannulation was successful in 22 (88.0%) patients.Conclusions Delayed oral feeding significantly reduces PCF after open surgical treatment of primary HPC, and improves the swallowing function outcome without jeopardizing the OS.

The inherent insolubility of avermectin (Av) in water and its easy degradation property prompt the abuse of organic solvents, leading to a decreased rate of pesticide utilization and natural damage. Herein, we propose an effective approach to continuously synthesize avermectin nanoparticles (nano Av) with relatively small size and enhanced performance by high gravity anti-solvent precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB). Compared with the conventional stirred tank reactor (STR) method, the average particle size of as-prepared products can be decreased from 166 to 66 nm. Importantly, the preparation time can be greatly reduced from 60 min to 1 s. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) effectively avoids the agglomeration of nanoparticles by electrostatic and steric stabilization, thereby obtaining the spherical and well-dispersed nano Av. Remarkably, nano Av prepared in RPB exhibits higher drug loading capacity and better anti-UV performance and wettability than the STR products. Compared to technical avermectin, the as-prepared Av using RPB shows prolonged efficacy and displays a better killing effect for Plutella xylostella. The biosafety evaluations on nontarget organisms indicate that PVP is safe for Escherichia coli, seeds, and plants. This novel method could provide a platform for the development of nanopesticides with potential applications.

The confocal and super-resolution imaging has become routine for the visible spectral region, but not for the deep near-infrared (NIR) region (800–1000 nm) due to the lack of bright and ultraphotostable fluorophores. We devised a premium fluorochromic scaffold (EC5) spectrally active in this region and further optimized it for super-resolution imaging by rational and systematic molecular engineering over the push–pull headgroups. EC5jmaximally absorbs/emits at 835/873 nm and offers a superior brightness of 38070 cm–1M–1and superior photostability. Using two home-built microscopes with deep-NIR capability, i.e., confocal and structured-illumination microscopes, we demonstrated that super-resolution 2D and 3D-microscopy is now practical with EC5j. In particular, EC5j-adsorbed polystyrene beads furnished a notable spatial resolution of 175 nm with structure-illumination microscopy (SIM) imaging, as compared to the theoretical diffraction limit of 336 nm. Proof-of-concept applications included live-cell confocal imaging of mitophagy, SIM imaging of mitochondria, and deconvolution-based confocal sectioning of cell structures and brain vasculature. The revolutionary expansion of the imaging spectral window brings the field new tools and new insights.

A model combining kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and Xtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) was introduced for forecasting the final oxygen content of electroslag remelting. KPCA was employed to reduce the dimensionality of the factors influencing the endpoint oxygen content and to eliminate any existing correlations among these factors. The resulting principal components were then utilized as input variables for the XGBoost prediction model. The KPCA-XGBoost model was trained and proven using data obtained from companies. The model structure was adapted, and hyperparameters were optimized using grid search cross-validation. The model performance of the KPCA-XGBoost model is compared with five machine learning models, including the support vector regression model. The findings demonstrated that the KPCA-XGBoost model exhibited the highest level of prediction accuracy, indicating that the incorporation of KPCA significantly enhanced the regression prediction performance of the model. The accuracy of the KPCA-XGBoost model was 82.4%, 97.1%, and 100% at errors of ± 1.5 × 10−6, ± 2.0 × 10−6, and ± 3 × 10−6for oxygen content, respectively.

In this letter, the extended method of maximum power transmission efficiency (EMMPTE) is applied to the design of the antenna array to generate desired field patterns in the target region. By introducing different weighted constraints, the EMMPTE ensures the high electric field intensity in the target region while its distribution pattern can be flexibly controlled. Once the weighted matrix is determined, a focused electric field pattern with the desired shape can be generated by the antenna array with the optimized distribution of excitations obtained from solving the weighted constrained problem. To verify the validity of the proposed method, a 6 × 6 microstrip antenna array operating at 2.45 GHz is designed and fabricated to produce four different focused near-field patterns—a square, a circle, a triangle and a heart-shaped pattern. Measurement results show a good agreement with simulations.

A precise fear memory encoding a traumatic event enables an individual to avoid danger and identify safety. An impaired fear memory (contextual amnesia), however, puts the individual at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to the inability to identify a safe context when encountering trauma-associated cues later in life. Although it is gaining attention that contextual amnesia is a critical etiologic factor for PTSD, there is no treatment currently available that can reverse contextual amnesia, and whether such treatment can prevent the development of PTSD is unknown. Here, we report that (I) a single dose of transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM) applied immediately after tone fear conditioning can reverse contextual amnesia. PBM treatment preserved an appropriately high level of contextual fear memory in rats revisiting the “dangerous” context, while control rats displayed memory impairment. (II) A single dose of PBM applied after memory recall can reduce contextual fear during both contextual and cued memory testing. (III) In a model of complex PTSD with repeated trauma, rats given early PBM interventions efficiently discriminated safety from danger during cued memory testing and, importantly, these rats did not develop PTSD-like symptoms and comorbidities. (IV) Finally, we report that fear extinction was facilitated when PBM was applied in the early intervention window of memory consolidation. Our results demonstrate that PBM treatment applied immediately after a traumatic event or its memory recall can protect contextual fear memory and prevent the development of PTSD-like psychopathological fear in rats.

The dissolution behavior of Al2O3in molten CaF2–CaO–Al2O3slag, a basic slag system of electroslag remelting process, was investigated by rotating cylinder method using corundum rods to simulate Al2O3inclusions in steel. The experimental results show that the dissolution rate of Al2O3rods in CaF2–CaO–Al2O3slag increases with the increase in rotating speed and temperature, and the rate-controlling step is the mass transfer in the slag. The dissolution rate of Al2O3in CaF2–CaO–Al2O3slag increases with the increase in the ratio of CaO to Al2O3, which is due to the increase in dissolution driving force and the decrease in slag viscosity. The apparent activation energy of the mass transfer of Al2O3in slag C is calculated to be 222.86 kJ mol−1. During the dissolution of Al2O3inclusions in the slag, it reacts with F−in liquid slag at first, then reacts with CaO to form the intermediate compounds of xCaO–yAl2O3system, and finally dissolves in molten slag. The dissolution rate of Al2O3inclusions in CaF2–CaO–Al2O3slag for electroslag remelting is positively correlated with the ratio of the dissolution driving force and slag viscosity, and the correlation coefficient is 2.487 × 10−11.

Inductor–capacitor (LC) passive wireless sensors have significant advantages of simple structure and longer service life. Recently, parity-time (PT)-symmetric quantum mechanics revolutionizes the fundamental theory that only Hermitian operators generate the observable phenomena, which has been applied to LC passive wireless sensing to achieve higher sensitivities and longer distance detections. This article focuses on the PT-symmetric LC passive wireless sensing system, implementing an integrated sensor enabling of double-parameter measurements. By establishing theoretical and simulation analysis, we designed the PT-symmetric LC sensing system by utilizing a nonlinear negative resistance. In experiments, the LC double-parameter sensor consisted of a humidity-capacitor sensor and a photoresist sensor achieves humidity and light intensity monitoring independently. Different from the traditional frequency sweeping, we can complete the measurement within $4 \mu \text {s}$ by once settlement of steady oscillation amplitude, permitting the real-time sensing and simplified readout system.

Selective absorptive nanofluid can pre-absorb certain sunlight wavelength that cannot be used by PV and transmits remaining sunlight to the surface of PV, which can decouple PV from the thermal receiver spatially. In order to improve the harvesting of electricity and high-temperature thermal nanofluid, it is important to design an optimal optical filter window (transmit sunlight with wavelengths of 732–1067 nm to the surface of the photovoltaic cell and absorb the remaining sunlight). However, designing optimal optical filter is facing following challenges: (1) inherently narrow selective absorptivity property of single nanoparticle; (2) simplified numerical calculation method calculating transmittance; (3) ignoring the shape of the nanoparticle. In this study, the idea of using multiple nanoparticles coupling effect to design an optical filter is proposed, which can superimpose the narrow absorption bandwidth of different nanoparticles to obtain a wide absorption bandwidth of the whole system. In addition, an improved transmission method considering light-matter interaction at air/vessel and liquid/vessel interfaces is adopted to compute the transmittance. The results calculated by improved transmission method are more accurate than widely used traditional Lambert-Beer law, which is verified by experimental test. Furthermore, the effect of nanoparticle shape on spectral transmittance is also investigated, which shows that spiny Ag can approximately extend absorbance from 400 nm to 600 nm compared to nanosphere silver. Finally, the results show that optical filter efficiency of nanofluids with multiple nanoparticles coupling (Ag, spiny Ag, ZnO, ITO) can reached up to 35%.

Developing energy-efficient routing algorithms is key to reducing energy consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and the WSNs energy-efficient routing is a combinatorial optimization problem. Many researchers try to optimize it with metaheuristics. However, most metaheuristics are inappropriate in designing routing algorithms for WSNs due to the individual coding and iteration rule for WSNs routing problem. To solve these problems, this article proposes a whale swarm algorithm with iterative counter-based routing (WSA-ICR) algorithm based on the WSA-IC algorithm. The WSA-ICR algorithm considers the energy consumption of each node and path length in the balanced network and designs a new energy efficiency objective function. Then, the WSA algorithm is improved from five aspects: individual coding, individual initialization, distance calculation between two individuals, individual movement rules, and local search. The WSA-ICR algorithm is compared with several energy efficiency optimization routing algorithms. The simulation results show that the WSA-ICR algorithm has excellent performance in balancing the energy consumption of the whole network, prolonging the network life cycle and convergence speed.

Understanding the transcriptional changes that are engaged in stress resilience may reveal novel antidepressant targets. Here we use gene co-expression analysis of RNA-sequencing data from brains of resilient mice to identify a gene network that is unique to resilience. Zfp189, which encodes a previously unstudied zinc finger protein, is the highest-ranked key driver gene in the network, and overexpression of Zfp189in prefrontal cortical neurons preferentially activates this network and promotes behavioral resilience. The transcription factor CREB is a predicted upstream regulator of this network and binds to the Zfp189promoter. To probe CREB–Zfp189interactions, we employ CRISPR-mediated locus-specific transcriptional reprogramming to direct CREB or G9a (a repressive histone methyltransferase) to the Zfp189promoter in prefrontal cortex neurons. Induction of Zfp189with site-specific CREB is pro-resilient, whereas suppressing Zfp189expression with G9a increases susceptibility. These findings reveal an essential role for Zfp189and CREB–Zfp189interactions in mediating a central transcriptional network of resilience. Researchers identify a transcriptional network engaged in stress-resilient mice that is regulated by a previously unstudied transcription factor, Zfp189, and elucidate molecular mechanisms controlling this network and resilience behavior.

We assessed the effects of various N levels on interspecific interaction and faba bean N utilization and yield in wheat/faba bean intercropping system. The field experiments involved three cropping systems (faba bean monocropping, wheat monocropping, and wheat/faba bean intercropping) and four N levels (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg·ha−1). The results showed that N fertilization significantly increased the competitive ratio (CRF) and aggressivity (AF) values in the early growth stage of faba bean (F), and faba bean was dominant in the middle and late growth stages of intercropping (CRF>1, AF>0). The grain yield of faba bean reached the maximum at the 45 kg·N ha-1level. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of wheat/faba bean intercropping system was greater than 1, which indicated that their intercropping had yield advantages over the monocropping. Compared with faba bean monocropping, wheat/faba bean intercropping produced significantly more faba bean grain yield and biomass than the relative area; and its agronomy efficiency of fertilizer N (AEN) and partial N productivity (PFPN), and the N fertilizer equivalent ratio (NFER) were all significantly greater than 1, indicating that intercropping can save N fertilizer. The N rate of 45 kg·ha−1was found to optimize interspecific interactions and increase productivity of wheat/faba bean intercropping system.

Sinomenine (SIN) is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Sinomenii Caulis, a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clinical trials have shown that SIN has comparable efficacy to methotrexate in treating patients with RA but with fewer adverse effects. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic targets of SIN in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with SIN (160, 320, 640 µM); and CIA mice were administered SIN (25, 50 and 100 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.p.) for 30 days. We first conducted a solvent-induced protein precipitation (SIP) assay in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and found positive evidence for the direct binding of SIN to guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5), which was supported by molecular simulation docking, proteomics, and binding affinity assays (KD= 3.486 µM). More importantly, SIN treatment markedly decreased the expression levels of proteins involved in the GBP5/P2X7R-NLRP3 pathways in both LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and the paw tissue of CIA mice. Moreover, the levels of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in both the supernatant of inflammatory cells and the serum of CIA mice were significantly reduced. This study illustrates a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of SIN; SIN suppresses the activity of NLRP3-related pathways by competitively binding GBP5 and downregulating P2X7R protein expression, which ultimately contributes to the reduction of IL-1β and IL-18 production. The binding specificity of SIN to GBP5 and its inhibitory effect on GBP5 activity suggest that SIN has great potential as a specific GBP5 antagonist.

The morbidity and mortality associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, are increasing each year. Although both amyloid β and tau proteins are known to be involved in AD pathology, their detailed functions in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation contributes to the development and progression of AD, with astrocytes, microglia, and the cytokines and chemokines they secrete acting coordinately in these processes. Signaling involving chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and its main receptor C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in normal physiologic processes as well as pathologic conditions such as neurodegeneration. In recent years, many studies have shown that the CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a major effect in the pathogenesis of AD, but there are also a few studies that contradict this. In short, the role of CCL5/CCR5 axis in the pathogenesis of AD is still intricate. This review summarizes the structure, distribution, physiologic functions of the CCL5/CCR5 axis, and the progress in understanding its involvement in the pathogenesis of AD.

The highly reflective solar radiation of passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) increases heating energy consumption in the cold winter. Inspired by the temperature-adaptive skin color of chameleon, we efficiently combine temperature-adaptive solar absorption and PDRC technology to achieve “warm in winter and cool in summer”. The temperature-adaptive radiative cooling coating (TARCC) with color variability is designed and fabricated, achieving 41% visible light regulation capability. Comprehensive seasonal outdoor tests confirm the reliability of the TARCC: in summer, the TARCC exhibits high solar reflectance (∼93%) and atmospheric transmission window emittance (∼94%), resulting in a 6.5 K subambient temperature. In the winter, the TARCC’s dark color strongly absorbs solar radiation, resulting in a 4.3 K temperature rise. Compared with PDRC coatings, the TARCC can save up to 20% of annual energy in midlatitude regions and increase suitable human hours by 55%. With its low cost, easy preparation, and simple construction, the TARCC shows promise for achieving sustainable and comfortable indoor environments.

In recent years, supercapacitors have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages such as fast charge and discharge rate, high power density and long cycle life. Because of its unique porous structure and excellent electrochemical properties, heteroatom-doped porous carbon (HPC) is deemed as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, it is a great challenge to synthesize electrode materials with large surface area, ultra-high porosity and good electrochemical performance. In this work, two-dimensional conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) containing ketones were synthesized by a simple one-step coupling reaction and used as carbon precursors. A series of samples (CMP-Ts) were prepared with the procedures of coupling reaction and carbonization. The optimized carbon material has high specific surface area (up to 2229.85 m2g−1), porous structure, high specific capacitance (375 F g−1at 0.5 A g−1), and good cycling stability (capacitance retention of 98.8% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1). Further, the supercapacitor has an energy density of 28.8 Wh kg−1at a power density of 5000 W kg−1. This work lays a foundation for the preparation of carbon materials using microporous polymer as a precursor system, provides a new way of thinking, and demonstrates a great potential of high-performance supercapacitors.

Snow algal blooms have a remarkable climatic or environmental effect through influencing the snow–albedo feedback, accelerating the melting of surface snow, and amplifying global warming. Snow algal blooms occurred frequently on King George Island, Antarctic, during the recent six austral summers (December to next February) through 2017–2022. Based on an assessment of satellite images, this study found that the range and amount of snow algal blooms in the summers of 2018, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are relatively larger than in the summers of 2017 and 2019. Whether meteorological conditions have shaped the year-to-year variation of algal bloom intensities is analyzed through observational composite. The results suggest that during the strong bloom summers there exist prevailing northerly or northwesterly wind anomalies which advect warm and humid airmass from the southern ocean into the island, increasing surface air temperature and humidity; the warmer and more humid surface favors melting of snow and an increase of low cloud cover, subsequently enhancing the atmospheric downward long-wave radiation and amplifying surface warmth; the increased low cloud cover reflects more ultraviolet rays back to space and weakens the short-wave radiation reaching the surface. All these factors together favor to a stronger bloom. In comparison, during 2017 and 2019 there exist weak southerly wind anomalies which induce the northward advection of cold and dry air from the Antarctic Continent and favor the cooler surface. Consequently, it is unfavorable for the snow algal bloom. Based on these results, a snow algal bloom potential index (API) integrating the meteorological conditions is constructed, and its future trend is projected based on the EC-Earth3 run attending the CMIP6 under SSP245 and SSP585. A significant increasing trend is projected especially under SSP585. Thus snow algal bloom on King George Island will become more frequent and stronger in future. This implies a potential accelerate melting of ice shelf over Antarctic Peninsula.