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Urban transport users play a critical role in the success of public transportation systems as they are the primary consumers of these services. Understanding the characteristics and preferences of these users is essential to enhance the quality of public transport services and meeting the needs of diverse populations. The level of satisfaction with transport services among urban users can be influenced by various factors, including accessibility, reliability, comfort, cost, and safety. The study aims to explore changes in satisfaction with public transportation in Lublin over two years and determine how urban transport users' characteristics affect general satisfaction with transport services. To verify the hypotheses, a questionnaire was constructed to assess the level of satisfaction with 19 public transportation services. The method also has an overall index (α = .95). A total of 642 people participated in the study. The results revealed positive and negative changes in satisfaction with particular public transportation services among those surveyed in 2018 versus 2020. The results revealed positive and negative changes in satisfaction with particular public transportation services among those surveyed in 2018 versus 2020. In addition, user characteristics such as ownership of a private car, waiting time or free-fare significantly affect satisfaction with public transportation.

Pierson syndrome (PIERSS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the combination of congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) and extrarenal symptoms including ocular malformations and neurodevelopmental deficits. PIERSS is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the LAMB2 gene leading to the defects of β2-laminin, the protein mainly expressed in the glomerular basement membrane, ocular structures, and neuromuscular junctions. Severe complications of PIERSS lead to the fatal outcome in early childhood in majority of the cases. We report a case of 5-year-old girl with severe phenotype of PIERSS caused by biallelic functional null variants of the LAMB2 gene. Due to consequences of CNS, the patient required bilateral nephrectomy and peritoneal dialysis since early infancy. The course was additionally complicated by tubulopathy, life-threatening infections, severe hypertension, erythropoietin-resistant anemia, generalized muscular hypotonia, neurogenic bladder, profound neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, gastrointestinal problems, secondary hypothyroidism, and necessity of repeated ocular surgery due to microcoria, cataract, and nystagmus. Due to multidisciplinary efforts, at the age of 4 years, the kidney transplantation was possible. Currently, the renal graft has an excellent function; however, the girl presents severe neurodevelopmental delay. The report presents a unique long-term follow-up of severe PIERSS with a few new phenotypical findings. It highlights the clinical problems and challenges in management of this rare condition.

•It presents systems that support the process of operating a passenger car, which are used by manufacturers and operated by drivers which is highly associated with the transport policy issues.•The authors strived to verify those conveniences being the most beneficial and frequently used.•In addition, in the manuscript, attention was paid to the various factors that affect the evaluation by drivers during the use of vehicles.•In the research, the authors implemented correspondence analysis and decision tree analysis to show the relationship between the relevant dependent and independent variables in the analyzed cases of the evaluation of systems used in passenger car cockpits by their users.

As vehicles powered by conventional combustion engines must be refueled with fossil fuels, so electric vehicles need to supply their own source of energy needed to power them. In case of electric vehicles, electric energy is the main commodity, which is stored in batteries. Electric energy for electric vehicle (or some kinds of hybrid vehicles) is most often supplied by home electric charging station or public charging station. If we want to discuss advantages of operation of electric vehicles, we have to analyze the way of production of electric energy. If the vast majority of electricity produced in less ecological ways, which burden and pollute the environment, electric vehicles cannot be claimed as an environmentally friendly alternative and a substitute for internal combustion vehicles. There are also issues with charging options, building infrastructure, recycling used batteries and many others factors effecting future modes of transport. The article analyses the current overview of possibilities of charging electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, current infrastructure aimed mainly on region of Central and Eastern.

The article was aimed at analysing the issue of legal circumstances regulating the road traffic at reduced visibility. The statistical data related to the road incidents, with special emphasis on the pedestrian accidents, were presented. The difficulties with recognising pedestrians at reduced visibility were determined.

This paper presents the results of numerical modelling of cavitation flows in a hydrodynamic module. The simulation was performed using the SolidWorks software package. The computations were made based on the Navier-Stokes equation combined with liquid state equations and empirical dependencies which define liquid parameters. The numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data.

The paper include important aspects of layer model of postal technological system such as makes the possibility to define rules for regulating, technical and technological requirements and interfaces to communicate with other postal systems. The current postal reform is mainly attributable to release of network access and ensuring full interoperability between technological systems. Not only to ensure the development and protection of competition but also in respect to the conservation of requirements to provide the universal service, which is the performance of public interest. There is a space here to examine the postal system, not only from a procedural point of view, but to be viewed as an open communication system. It is possible to find there the commonalities with other communication sector branches and to handle the technological postal system in more layers; similarly as the electronic communication systems are handled. Model of layer postal system, based not only on the processes but on layers functionality, will enable to identify communication protocols and interfaces determining interoperability. It also opens the question of appropriate regulation model.

The rate of oxygen transport from atmospheric air into water and perfluorocarbon compound (PFC) was investigated. Static and dynamic systems with and without the presence of the lung surfactant monolayer were considered. For the case of water used as an oxygen absorbent, the monolayer activity allowed a simulation of the gas uptake into the lung hypophase. In the second case, a two-phase liquid system with water as a hypophase and PFC as the blood substitute simulated oxygen transport in the alveolus-blood system. Original experimental measurement devices gave the opportunity of determining the gas transport rate with the possibilities of indicating the role of the lung surfactant in the process and evaluating the influence of environmental conditions on the transport phenomena. Results of that work suggest a possible enhancing role of the lung surfactant in the oxygen transfer rate.