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Developing perovskite-based tandem solar cells (TSCs) is a promising technique to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit set for single-junction solar cells. Encouragingly, all the perovskite-based TSCs, including perovskite/silicon, perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide and perovskite/organic tandems have demonstrated higher efficiency than the corresponding single-junction solar cells, showing great potential for further breakthroughs. In tandem devices, charge transport materials (CTMs) are vital components of perovskite sub-cells that directly determine the charge transportation and energy loss. Generally, high conductivity and transmittance, favorable energy-level alignment and chemical stability are crucial for CTMs for tandem applications. To date, various CTMs including conductive metallic oxides, organic molecules, polymers, fullerenes, and self-assembled materials have been extensively employed in highly efficient TSCs. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress of CTMs for different types of monolithic perovskite-based TSCs, in which the electrical and optical properties of CTMs and their influence on device performance are carefully discussed. Then we put forward the challenges and outlook for the further development of CTMs for tandem applications. This comprehensive review will provide effective guidance for device design for different perovskite-based TSCs.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are reviewed in detail from the views of compositions, additives, charge transport layers, interfaces and preparation methods.The key factors affecting open-circuit voltage and photostability are carefully discussed.The future directions and challenges in developing wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells are highlighted.

Alkyl-tailored Y-SMAs named YR-SeNF series with near-infrared absorption, different molecular crystallinity and self-assembly abilities are developed.The related organic solar cells (OSCs) with an active layer processed from halogen-free solvents and spin-coating-free technologies achieve a ~ 19% efficiency.Ternary OSCs offer a robust operating stability under MPP tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial efficiency for even over 400 h.

In vitrocharacterization experiments revealed the formations of 3-(trans-2’-aminocyclopropyl)alanine ((3-Acp)Ala) and 3-(trans-2’-nitrocyclopropyl)alanine ((3-Ncp)Ala) are originated via two homologous proteins, BelK and HrmI, which regioselectively catalyze the Nε-oxygenation of l-lysine. The two enzymes belong to the emerging heme-oxygenase-like diiron oxidase and oxygenase (HDO) superfamily and the catalytic center of BelK is validated by homology modeling and site-directed mutations. Based on the in vitrocharacterization, the biosynthetic pathways of (3-Acp)Ala and (3-Ncp)Ala are proposed.