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Objectives: Cluster B personality disorder traits and positive psychological change, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG), are both possible outcomes following childhood trauma. However, existing research has not yet explored whether emotion regulation difficulties can simultaneously explain these negative and positive changes.Method: A sample of childhood trauma survivors (N = 223) provided responses to an online survey, with findings assessed using structural equation modeling techniques.Results: Emotion regulation difficulties were found to mediate between childhood trauma severity and cluster B traits (abcs = -.05), and between childhood trauma severity and PTG (abcs = .13), with small to medium indirect effects. The final model accounted for more variance in cluster B traits (56%) than PTG (10%).Conclusions: Emotion regulation is therefore a key mediator of positive and negative psychological changes and should be the focus of intervention efforts among childhood trauma survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in addressing childhood trauma and its impact on hip hop population.

The article looks at how to address trauma in children through physical activity. The authors detail their experience working with youth in southeast Asia after the December 26, 2004 tsunami. The authors developed a program that used physical activity to help children confront the impact of the traumatic event. Four guidelines for physical educators addressing the needs of traumatized youth are presented, which include recognizing the signs of trauma, getting the right fit by understanding the cultural aspects of children's lives, empowering the children through physical activity, and seeking other support and aid.

Objective: In this cross-sectional study, childhood traumas, attachment security and alexithymia in adolescents with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) were compared with those of adolescents without any psychiatric disorder using both semi-structured clinical interviews and self-report scales. Method: This study included 42 adolescents with PNES aged between 12-18 and 38 healthy adolescents who were matched with the study group with respect to socio-demographic variables. All adolescents and their parents were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version in order to evaluate psychiatric disorders. All participants were tested by a clinician on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale for Children and Adolescents (CAPS-CA) to assess the presence of PTSD symptoms, and subsequently they completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 (CTQ-28), short form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES). Results: Adolescents with PNES had more emotional and traumatic sexual experiences and PTSD symptoms compared to the control group. PNES group perceived higher "communication" but lower "trust" in attachment relationships with their mothers and fathers. Increased alexithymia symptoms and lowered self-esteem were determined in the PNES group. Childhood traumas, lifetime PTSD symptoms and alexithymia were found to be significant risk factors for PNES in adolescents. Conclusion: Results indicate that comorbid psychiatric disorders, traumatic experiences, attachment problems and alexithymia need to be evaluated and treated in adolescents with PNES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the alleged benefits of art education and art therapy for at-risk students, including the challenges that educators have in their classrooms with problem children. It comments on art teachers' knowledge, training, or experience dealing with students’ adverse childhood experiences (ACE), such as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, and the importance of collaboration between art educators and art therapists.

Travis Wright presents an important understanding of trauma that leads to a new perspective of "challenging" behaviors in the classroom. "Trauma is not an event in itself but is instead the reaction to extremely stressful life circumstances...When children operate in overwhelming states of stress, the stress response system may become the normal mode of functioning." Offering symptoms of trauma and practical tips for use in the classroom, Wright turns the understanding of trauma upside down. He guides the reader to an appreciation for the ways children adapt to their circumstances, until it is understood that children are "fighting to live" as opposed to "failing to thrive." While focusing on the traumatized child, Wright's approach offers the opportunity to rethink the behavior of all students. While it is particularly important with children who have experienced trauma, the foundation of the ivork with any child is a positive, respectful relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers often find themselves working with children or adolescents who have been victims of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including youths who have ended up in the juvenile justice system. Childhood trauma has been linked to negative health, mental health, and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence rates of child maltreatment and household dysfunction in the lives of juveniles who have been arrested for sexual offenses (JSO; n = 6,549). ACE prevalence rates for JSOs were compared by gender to juveniles arrested for other crimes, to adults arrested for sexual offenses, and to the general population. Youths in the delinquency system in Florida had much higher rates of high-ACE scores than the general population, indicating that they came from households where the accumulation and variety of early adversity is a salient feature in their lives. For those who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior, the existence of early maltreatment and family problems was prominent. Through a better understanding of the traumatic experiences of these youths, we can inform and enhance interventions designed to improve the functioning of sexually abusive juvenile clients and their families, and reduce risk of future recidivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A central aspect of trauma-informed care in child welfare (CW) systems is the use of a trauma-informed screening process. This includes the use of a broadly administered measurement approach to assist professionals in identifying current traumarelated symptomology or a history of potentially traumatizing events. With a high prevalence of unmet mental health needs among CW-involved children, screening can be a crucial step as systems strive to identify children impacted by trauma. This paper offers a summary of CW screening approaches in county-administered CW systems across California. Through a web-administered survey, 46 county administrators reported on their screening practices and perceptions. Information about ages of children screened and screening tools used, perceptions of screening implementation priorities, degree of implementation and satisfaction with screening processes is provided. Several implementation considerations for future trauma-informed care efforts are offered including maintaining a focus on childhood trauma, closing the science-practice gap, and evaluating the state of the science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that youth involved the juvenile justice system have trauma histories that are two times higher than the general youth population. Juvenile justiceinvolved youth also have high rates of mental health symptoms. Fewer studies have examined how trauma links to mental health symptoms among youth offenders, and even less research focuses on how mental health status and service delivery can impact their perceived likelihood for success. This study examines the effects of mental health screening and service delivery on perceived future criminal justice interactions-- arrest and incarceration--among adjudicated youth (n=7,073) housed in correctional facilities. Secondary data were used to examine trauma histories, mental health needs, and mental health screening and service delivery. Significant relationships between traumatic events and mental health problems were found, along with relationships between mental health problems and mental health screening and service delivery. Most interestingly, results pointed to the strong inverse relationship between mental health service delivery and youth's perceived likelihood for recidivism. These findings show the promise of juvenile justice systems appropriately responding to the mental health concerns of youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National data of children's exposure to traumatic experiences are alarming. Research asserts the interconnectedness between experiencing childhood trauma (CT) or adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and developing substance use disorders (SUDs) in later adulthood. Trauma definition and contemporary trauma theory (CTT) provide the foundation for trauma informed care (TIC) in social work practice with co-occurring trauma and SUDs. TIC re-conceptualizes SUDs as a mechanism to cope with the effects of trauma. Coping and resilience are relevant factors to the ramifications of CT on SUDs, and are the manifestation of key TIC principles. Integrating TIC practices aimed at enhancing coping and resilience into treatment for co-occurring trauma and SUDs is needed in order to negate the devastating impact of trauma and propel recovery. Conclusions and implications to social work practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Trauma is major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with blunt abdominal trauma; the most commonly injured organs are the liver and the spleen. A high rate of operative complications caused a shift from operative to nonoperative management (NOM) in patients suffering from hemodynamically stable blunt abdominal trauma. The aim is to evaluate factors for failure of NOM for blunt abdominal trauma that caused injuries of the liver and the spleen in children. Patients and methods This study included 142 patients with blunt abdominal trauma with either hepatic or splenic injuries that were hemodynamically stable and treated initially by NOM. Patients had undergone a contrast computed tomography (CT) scan for grading injuries, contrast blush, and hemoperitoneum. Results There were 17 patients with high-grade hepatic or splenic injury. Six of these 17 patients and two patients with low-grade injuries failed NOM. Moderate and large volumes of hemoperitoneum have been reported in 42 and nine patients, respectively, with failure rates of 7.1 and 44.4%. Fourteen patients had CT blush on CT scan; five of them failed NOM (failure rate of 35.7%). Two other patients needed laparotomy for intestinal injuries. Thus, the overall success rate of NOM was 93% (132 patients); 10 (7%) patients failed NOM. Conclusion High-grade injuries, large hemoperitoneum, and contrast blush on the CT scan increase the risk of failure of NOM in patients with blunt hepatosplenic injuries. Nevertheless, most of these patients can be successfully managed with NOM. However, other than hemodynamic instability, the other factors mentioned above deserve further evaluation to determine their ability to aid in the decision between operative and NOM for blunt hepatosplenic injuries in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the role of play in therapeutic work with children and reviews outcome studies and discusses important normative treatment implications of this data which supports the view that play has a developmental role in children experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediator role of alexithymia and its relationship with childhood traumas (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect) and attachment style (anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment) associated depression symptoms in adulthood. Method: The sample of this study included 417 undergraduate students from different departments that studied at Hacettepe University during the 2012-2013 school year with a final analysis done over 369 participants. The Demographic Information Form, Experiences in Close Relationship Inventory-II (ECR-R), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to the undergraduate students who participated in this study. Mediator analyses were applied to the data. Results: The results revealed that the total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale had a partial mediating role in the relationship of childhood traumas (the total score of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), childhood emotional abuse and emotional neglect with depressive symptom levels in university students. Besides, the total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale had a full mediating role in the relationship between childhood physical neglect and depressive symptom levels in adulthood. Additionally, it was found that the total score of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale had a partial mediating role between the anxiety dimension of the attachment and the depressive symptom levels. Conclusion: This study revealed that alexithymia should be considered as a significant variable in the relationship of childhood traumas and attachment patterns with depression symptoms in adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the traumatic childhood memories of English writer, philologist, and poet J. R. R. Tolkien and its importance in his thinking and writing. Particular focus was given on the death of Tolkien's mother Mabel Tolkien, who suffered from diabetes and died on November 1904. The article also discusses the significant changes on Tolkien's character and his pessimism resulting from the depression and psychological trauma as he faced the loss of his family.

The author examines the role of drama therapy within a multi-model arts therapy approach in treating children affected by trauma in Australia. According to the author, the benefits of the arts therapies are commonly assessed individually than collectively. Trauma is defined as domestic violence, abuse and neglect, grief and loss. She observes that a game in drama therapy can provide the platform to share personal material and develop a shared understanding with peers.

The article presents insights into the neuroscientific findings regarding the relationship between children and primary caregivers and the impact of such findings on attachment, maltreatment, and trauma on children's developing brains. It focuses on implications of such findings in child protection policy. It suggests that government should seek prevention and respond to child maltreatment, develop preventive programs such as intensive home-based interventions and adopt ecological frameworks.

Secure attachment has been consistently associated with positive outcomes for children. The complex and intergenerational trauma resulting from colonialism that Aboriginal people in Canada have suffered may threaten the development of secure attachment. Using a case example drawn from social work practice, this paper proposes that Aboriginal children who are insecurely attached and traumatized present particular treatment needs. There is little prior research addressing the treatment needs of insecurely attached Aboriginal children in out-of-home care. Further, in provincial and territorial child welfare agencies Aboriginal children are overwhelmingly in the substitute care of non-Aboriginal caregivers. This paper looks to attachment theory for a treatment approach within these cross-cultural relationships. Attachment theory has shown that the attachment styles of children can be reliably predicted at a rate of 75 percent by looking to those of their caregivers. Additionally, children have been shown to be capable of developing multiple attachment styles in response to the attachment styles of the adults with whom they are in caregiving relationships. Thus, given the strong influence of caregiver attachment on the attachment styles of children, it is compelling to look at the potential impact of the attachment styles of substitute caregivers on the children in their care. This paper proposes that in provincial or territorial child welfare it may be necessary to promote substitute caregivers who are securely attached and to acknowledge the context of trauma within which these children and caregivers are striving for well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examined the role of resilience in the development and recovery from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 70 Canadian adults. The authors found that resilience predicted PTSD symptoms better than childhood trauma at five and six weeks and three months posttrauma. The resilience arbitrates the relationship between posttraumatic adjustment and childhood trauma. It was correlated with blood oxygen level-dependent signal strength in the right thalamus.

The article discusses a study which examined the relationship of childhood trauma to depressive symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes. In this study, the patients were genotyped for a functional serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) that modulates resiliency and those with Beck Depression Inventory scores above and below 14 were compared. Findings suggest that childhood trauma is a determinant of depressive symptoms in type 1 diabetes.

Copyright of Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents is the property of Today's Children Are Tomorrow's Parents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents is the property of Today's Children Are Tomorrow's Parents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents is the property of Today's Children Are Tomorrow's Parents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents is the property of Today's Children Are Tomorrow's Parents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study which investigates the efficacy of Structured Sensory Intervention for Traumatized Children, Adolescents and Parent (SITCAP) in three elementary schools in Taylor, Michigan. The study screened grade four and five students who have experienced or witnessed traumatic experiences for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and were enrolled in the I Feel Better Now! Trauma Treatment Program. The study reveals that the children who participated in the treatment program demonstrated reduction in trauma symptoms and psychological, emotional and behavioral problems.

This paper explores the use of relaxation and guided imagery in conjunction with narrative therapy, with a woman dealing with the effects of trauma related to sexual abuse. The work took place in Israel, with a woman who was abused in childhood by her brother, yet she was still on good terms with him and the rest of her family. The woman was also part of a religious community that placed certain expectations on women regarding sexual relationships with their husbands. This paper explores some of the more complex issues around sex and intimacy, along with ways of unpacking sex, body image, and dominant cultural norms, in a complex and nuanced context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper documents an approach to working with girls in eastern and southern Africa who have been subject to abuse and trauma. It first summarises the key principles of narrative therapy's approach to working with trauma and abuse, and then outlines a workshop that was co-created with girls and young women, based on the 'journey metaphor' and ideas of map-making from narrative therapy/ narrative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at various uses of music to improve the regulation of emotions and learning in children suffering from severe/chronic trauma. The relationship between emotions and the brain based on research is explained. The emotional and behavioral symptoms linked with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are tackled, which include dissociation, poor self-esteem and depression. Other topics discussed include the relationship between music and memory, the application of music therapy in classrooms and the role played by emotion in education.

The article provides information on a study which examined the influence of childhood trauma and life events on the chronicity of depression in adults. Data utilized in the study were collected from 1,230 patients who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) between 2004 and 2007. The study found that the chronicity of depression is associated with childhood trauma but not with childhood life events. Study authors noted the need to determine childhood trauma when treating depressed patients.

This qualitative study illustrates the resilience and posttraumatic growth characteristics (PTG) that were present and distinguished in those children who showed the greatest improvement and sustained gains after completion of the I Feel Better Now! program compared to children who showed statistically significant improvement after program completion but demonstrated the least improvement. The children who saw and sustained the greatest gains had an overall greater percentage of resilience and PTG characteristics cited in the literature. The study indicates that those who had fewer gains would benefit from further interventions focused on building characteristics such as connections, continuity, dignity, and opportunities, and activities that support resilience and PTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identity disturbance can be defined as interference with one's sense of self. It is a criterion for several diagnoses outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision), and patients who have suffered childhood trauma or neglect are at risk of experiencing an identity disturbance in conjunction with mood, anxiety, psychotic, or substance use disorders. Limited guidance exists in the form of guidelines or clinical evidence on the specific management of identity disturbance. This article uses a clinical exemplar to highlight the features of one subject's identity disturbance. The author discusses evidence and guidelines supporting various treatment strategies and applies them during the subject's clinical course, concluding with the author's clinical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal is the property of Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the significance of students' self-disclosure in their writing courses. The content of students' essays determine their self-disclosure in writing courses. Mostly teachers assume that children's essays depicts their trauma. The way that trauma works on language and in writing is misunderstood due to these assumptions. Horrible and life threatening events result in trauma creating gaps in students' memory. Both the pedagogical and the critical assumption that narrates trauma is permitted by the current state of trauma studies.

This article relates the story of a boy who had a near-death experience at the age of 8, but who, because brain trauma left him quadriplegic and nonverbal, was unable to talk about his experience until I discovered it serendipitously 6 years later. Being able to tell his story and have his experience validated brought about significant changes in his emotional state, helped return personal control over his life, and ultimately led to his peaceful and fulfilling death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prepubertal trauma is often implicated as the cause of asymmetric growth of the mandible. A series of photographs taken before and after early childhood injury to the orofacial complex illustrates the development of a three-dimensional dentofacial deformity in a patient. The diagnosis and combined surgical orthodontic treatment plan to correct the facial asymmetry and malocclusion are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the range of trauma experienced by children in supervised visitation services. Purpose of supervised visitation; Themes in the development of the children's personalities; Recommendations on ways to structure supervised access services to help children feel psychologically safe in relation to visited parent.

The study investigated the dento-facial features of a group of 69 children with trauma to the maxillary central incisors in the mixed dentition compared to a control group of 100 children, in order to identify possible "anatomical" factors predisposing to this type of dental trauma. The group with dental trauma showed excessive proclination of upper incisors to the palatal plane (p < 0.001) and increased lower facial height (p < 0.001) as major characteristics associated to dental trauma. The role of early orthodontic treatment in the attenuation of these factors predisposing to traumatic injuries to frontal teeth is stressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]