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As e-scooters have become common modes of transportations in urban environments, riding e-scooters has become a common mechanism of injury. This study examines the relationship between when riders are using these devices (i.e. day of week, and time of the day) and injury incidence based on data from a large U.S. city. This study is a retrospective cohort study of patients in the trauma registry at a level one trauma center. Registry data were combined with a publicly available dataset of all e-scooter trips that occurred during the study period. Frequency of injuries and trips were analyzed using ANOVA. Poisson regressions were conducted to calculate incidence rate ratios associated with injury incidence by day of the week and time of day. A total of 194 injured e-scooter patients were admitted to the trauma center during the study period. Patients were injured most often on Fridays (21%) and most often presented between 18:00–23:59 (38%). E- Scooter riders in general, most often rode on Saturdays (20%) and between 12:00–17:59 (44%). There was no significant relationship between day of week and injury. Riders in the early morning (IRR = 16.7, p <.001 95% CI: 10.5, 26.6), afternoon (IRR = 2.0, p =.01 95% CI: 1.2, 3.4), and evening (IRR = 3.7, p <.001 95% CI: 2.3, 6.2) had significant increased injury incidence compared to morning riders. E -Scooter injury incidence varies by the time of day. The time of day in which a person rides an e-scooter can have a significant impact on the likelihood that the person will sustain an injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the significance of the utilization of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil in diesel engines and its impact on engine output and environmental pollution after blending with diesel and 1-pentanol. The higher values of the ignition index and comprehensive performance index of 4.34 × 10 − 4 mass/min°C2 and 13.71 × 10 − 6 mass2/min2 °C3, respectively, for D70B20P10 (70 % diesel, 20 % biodiesel & 10 % 1-pentanol by volume) indicate superior combustion performance. At full load, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions from 1-pentanol blended fuels decrease significantly, ranging from 40 % to 52 % and 30.76–46.15 % compared to diesel. The D70B20P10 also showed an improved thermal efficiency of 28.68 % among all tested fuels at full load but slightly lower than diesel (29.56 %). Diesel demonstrated superior in-cylinder pressure (ICP) of 77 bar and heat release rate (HRR) of 41.1 J/ºCA owing to its excellent combustion characteristics. Introducing 5–10 % 1-pentanol in blend improved combustion, elevating ICP and HRR, attributed to enhanced fuel atomization and oxygen content. The sustainable process index value obtained for a global index per person is 0.002 × 10 − 4 cap Litre-1, which lies between 0 and 1, indicates sustainability and compatibility of biodiesel production demonstration by universal biofuels (Andhra Pradesh). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste has been causing environmental and health problems over decades, and its management is not a priority for most under-developed countries. The study seeks to evaluate residents' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) towards Solid waste management (SWM) in selected urban places of Maseru. A total of 140 residents participated in the study. Structured questionnaire were utilised for data collection. Data were analysed using statistical descriptive analysis and Pearson chi-square. A majority (82%) of respondents had correct knowledge on environmental problems caused by SW and 31% knew health problems associated with solid waste. At least 59% of the respondents showed acceptable attitudes. Nearly 24% had acceptable practises on SWM, and only 24% segregated SW prior to its disposal. There was an association between education level of respondents with SWM (p<0.05), and no association between age of respondents and SWM. Furthermore, communities lack education and awareness on SWM. The study concludes that residents lack acceptable SWM practices. Environmental and health education have to be provided. These findings lay a critical foundation towards enhanced sustainable development and effective SWM in underdeveloped countries. Policy makers and experts in environmental management should be informed in interdisciplinary approach that also employs scientific management systems. The study adds to literature by assessing KAPs of residents in the urban areas of Maseru Lesotho, and their KAPs' association with age and education levels. Following findings of this research, insights pertaining to probable causes of SW mismanagement will be provided to policymakers and decision makers in the field of environmental protection, in pursue to instil into communities country-wide, acceptable SWM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major environmental impact of fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria would be the increased transportation costs, decreased demand and supply for fuels which will reduce carbon emission in Nigeria with a direct impact on fertilizer supply to agricultural production which in-turn will reduce the excess use of fertilizers leading to the production of high quality agricultural products that could earn foreign exchange for the country. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the viewpoints of bioresources conservationist on the impact of fuel subsidy removal policy on Nigerian environment using appropriate standard techniques to source data and information from Online and library sources. The findings revealed that majority of Nigerians have reverted to environment to source for immediate needs, to balance off high cost of agricultural goods and other necessities of man due to transportation costs from subsidy. The removal has brought great deal in environmental activities with severe impact on the flora and fauna, which would eventually lead to depletion, degradation, loss of species, unsupportive environmental benefits, frequency of harvest without replacement, increase number of people depending on environment. In conclusion, any policy now or future should consider the positive and negative impact on the natural economy, citizen and prepare short and long term amelioration program before pronouncement to reduce over harvest of environment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical headwear is designed to maintain sterility and prevent microbial contamination. However, the environmental impact of the healthcare industry carries an obligation to develop sustainable alternatives. We aim to explore the environmental impact and safety of reusable surgical headwear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library until December 10, 2023. Studies were reviewed for suitability and risk of bias using the ROBINS-I tool, with the results aggregated using Review Manager Version 5.4 for odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the I2 was used to assess heterogeneity. This systematic review included nine studies, and the meta-analysis included six studies involving 45,708 procedural cases. There was no significant difference in surgical site infection (SSI) rates between the reusable and disposable groups (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.59–1.07; P =0.13). Policy implementation did not affect SSI rates (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.85–1.73; P =0.30). Reusable surgical head covers demonstrated a significantly lower carbon footprint (P <0.001), ozone depletion (P <0.005), fossil fuel depletion (P <0.005), terrestrial acidification (P <0.005), and fine particulate matter formation (P <0.005) than disposable alternatives. Reusable surgical headwear matches disposable options for SSI incidence and offers environmental advantages. These findings support a shift towards reusable alternatives in healthcare, aligning patient safety with ecological responsibility. By adopting reusable alternatives, healthcare systems can actively contribute to planetary health, thereby highlighting the significant role of sustainable practices in modern medical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights studies from the past 3 years that add to the understanding of the impact of environmental exposures on allergic disease. These include aeroallergens, air quality, prenatal or early-life exposures, and occupational exposures. Recent studies have focused on the relationship between the environment, the microbiome, and allergic disease, and new therapeutic options have also been reviewed. Lastly, there has been significant recent research improving our knowledge of the link between health disparities and environmental exposures. These scientific advances have resulted in a better understanding that sets the foundation for current and future research dedicated to improving health outcomes by modifying environmental exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extent to which incidence rates of asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits vary from neighborhood to neighborhood and predictors of neighborhood-level asthma ED visit burden are not well understood. We aimed to describe the census tract–level spatial distribution of asthma-related ED visits in Central Texas and identify neighborhood-level characteristics that explain variability in neighborhood-level asthma ED visit rates. Conditional autoregressive models were used to examine the spatial distribution of asthma-related ED visit incidence rates across census tracts in Travis County, Texas, and assess the contribution of census tract characteristics to their distribution. There were distinct patterns in ED visit incidence rates at the census tract scale. These patterns were largely unexplained by socioeconomic or selected built environment neighborhood characteristics. However, racial and ethnic composition explained 33% of the variability of ED visit incidence rates across census tracts. The census tract predictors of ED visit incidence rates differed by racial and ethnic group. Variability in asthma ED visit incidence rates are apparent at smaller spatial scales. Most of the variability in census tract–level asthma ED visit rates in Central Texas is not explained by racial and ethnic composition or other neighborhood characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 32 images, this photo essay tells the story of the rediscovery and rehabilitation of the Clydesdale horse. Some of the very best things languish, hidden in plain sight, waiting to be noticed, brought into the light and put to work – which is why they emerged in the first place. Serendipity led the author to rekindle an association with a horse from childhood, the Clydesdale. It turned out to be a Trojan horse, with considerable previously untapped potential. This horse from the past has a very bright future. It represents a showcase for its own kind, for other rare and endangered breeds, and for the humans who maintain them. Clydesdale horses provide us with a widened perspective on how to 'do' economic development, encompassing place-making, heritage, skills, education, wellbeing, and horsemanship. Saving Clydesdale saves many other elements, including our own continuing human relationships with the environment and past heritages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemists are aware of the contribution of plant biodiversity in providing chemical entities to the therapeutic arsenal, but the links between biodiversity and the emergence of pandemics are less described. "Healthy" biodiverse ecosystems protect us humans against emergence of infectious diseases and transmission as exemplified by the "dilution effect" developed upon the eco-epidemiological tick-borne Lyme disease. The emergence and spread of viral pandemics is not only due to the degradation of biodiversity but also compounded by anthropogenic factors such as the intensification and acceleration of trade and intercontinental transport, unprecedented urban human concentrations, climate change, industrialisation, massification and genetic uniformity in industrial breeding, consumption of bushmeat and promiscuity in certain markets with living animals. "One-Health" holistic approach to sustainable development is an excellent option to reduce the emergence of future pandemics. It tackles global environmental, human and animal health issues while respecting climate and ecological climate objectives. Surprisingly, this type of strategy implies accepting parasites and viruses and not seeing them as enemies to be eliminated. It also calls for recognition of the role of the local and indigenous communities in taking care traditionally and sustainably of more than a quarter of the world's land area. Only by thinking globally and acting locally this way, we will be able to reduce the risk of (re)-emergences of zoonoses and parasitic diseases. [Display omitted] • Links between biodiversity and emergence of pandemics need to be more considered. • Biodiverse ecosystems protect us against emergence of infectious diseases as exemplified by the "dilution effect". • Other factors are important as intercontinental transport, human and animal concentrations and consumption of bushmeat. • "One-Health" holistic approach is an excellent option to reduce the emergence of future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is commonly introduced or encouraged in rural areas of developing countries to improve local livelihoods and enhance conservation. While understanding resultant shifts in residents' attitudes are important for effective management, there is scant longitudinal knowledge. This study investigated residents' attitudes to the environment, protected area management, and tourism through a longitudinal mixed-method study from 2011 to 2020 in an Iranian rural village during early tourism stages. Quantitative and qualitative primary data were collected through surveys of residents, interviews with government officials and the village leader, and observations combined with secondary data collected over the nine-year period. This study specifically tested, and confirmed, that residents' attitudes to the environment and protected area management must be measured separately. As attitudes to the environment and its management are commonly combined, this is the first study to measure residents' attitudes to protected area management longitudinally. The findings revealed no significant shift in residents' attitudes to the environment but a significant positive shift regarding protected area management. Also tested were residents' attitudes to tourism, which were initially positive and shifted to be more positive. Finally, this study demonstrated significant negative environmental impacts, and an attitude-behaviour gap, which provide theoretical and practical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban History Review / Revue d'Histoire Urbaine is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Judicious utilization of natural resources always helps protect the environment from several ill-effects. This paper was aimed at exploring the merits of natural and environment friendly zeolites towards sustainable thermochemical energy storage. Sorption behaviour of selected zeolites were investigated using a differential thermogravimetric analyser. The desorption kinetics was studied by heating the materials from room temperature to 600°C. The materials lose their water molecules on heating and become anhydrous mostly around 300°C. The desorption enthalpies due to heating were noted to decrease with increase of heating rate, and found low for Zeolite-Mordenite (334.5 Jg-1) and high for Molecular Sieves-4A (1060 Jg-1). Materials' adsorption enthalpies were determined by subjecting them to single cycle tests comprising of heating, cooling and hydration processes in sequence. The desorption and adsorption enthalpies of a single cycle were found to vary with the material and temperature program used. To understand the desorption and adsorption kinetics better, the materials were also tested on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller, and thermal constants analysers respectively for their elemental composition, structural properties, and thermal conductivity. This paper concludes that many of the naturally available zeolites stand as potential candidates for a sustainable thermochemical energy storage and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Climate change is one of the leading threats to humanity today, and the practice of anaesthesia has an appreciable impact on it. This study aims to determine the knowledge regarding environmentally sustainable anaesthesia and the current practices of anaesthetists working in the Department of Anaesthesiology at the University of the Witwatersrand. Methods: A prospective, descriptive research design was followed. The study population consisted of all anaesthetists working in the Department of Anaesthesiology at the University of the Witwatersrand. A convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected through an online, self-administered questionnaire. Results: There were 141 responses to the distributed questionnaire. Adequate knowledge of environmentally sustainable anaesthesia was found in 14.90% of participants. There was no significant association between adequate knowledge and age, professional designation, or years of experience (p = 0.949). The detrimental effect of inhalational anaesthetic gases (IAG) on the environment was widely known; however, only 15.60% of participants were aware of the risk of propofol to marine life, and 81.56% thought that reusable equipment poses an infection risk. Fresh gas flows (FGF) were not calculated by 66.67% of participants, and their respective knowledge of them was low. Anaesthetic practices were environmentally unsustainable since they were not in keeping with the World Federation Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WFSA), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), or the South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) guidelines. Conclusion: The knowledge of environmentally sustainable anaesthetic practices was low among all anaesthetists at the University of the Witwatersrand; however, there was fair knowledge of the environmental impact of IAGs. Anaesthetic practices were generally environmentally unsustainable, possibly due to the low level of knowledge. Financial constraints and resource limitations need to be considered when analysing practices. Anaesthetists need further training in environmentally sustainable anaesthesia to limit the impact of climate change, given the world's present predicament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, aiming to reveal preschool children's mental models of their environment, was carried out with the participation of 225 children aged 36–72 months attending 8 different preschool education institutions. It is based on qualitative research designed around a case study. The Word Association Test and Drawing were used as the data collection tools. In the study, it was observed that 36-48-month-old children mostly focused on the visuals they saw in the park (garden) and traffic in their environmental drawings, and in addition to these visuals, 49-60-month-old children included the forest in their environmental drawings, and 61-72-month-old children included home and school in their environmental drawings. The most prominent environments/elements observed with both data collection tools were the house, traffic, park, and sky for the 36– 48-month-old children; house, traffic, park, sky, and rural-village for the 49–60-month-old children; and house, traffic, park, sky, rural-village, forest and nearby settlement (market, store, etc.) for the 61–72-month-old children. The common elements that children associate with the environment in their mental models are the concepts of house, traffic, park, and sky. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and total hydrocarbon content (THC) in drilling mud effluents from Eastern Obolo Oilfield in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. The TPH and THC of OBM and WBM analyses with UV-Vis spectrophotometer indicated 1.60 mg/kg for OBM and 1.30 mg/kg for WBM. A value of 5.35 mg/kg was obtained for OBM compared to 5.15mg/kg for the OBM in the THC. Generally, the result indicated that TPHZn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. The concentrations range in the OBM were; Fe>Cr>Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd. The evaluation of the concentrations of these elements in drilling mud are of environmental significance from pollution viewpoint especially ferrochrome lignosulphate (Chromium pollution) and lead compounds (lead pollution). The results from this study which indicates the presence of varying concentrations of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in the drilling mud is valuable and significant when making the choice for subsequent disposal of drilling mud effluents and, particularly in the study area where extensive oil/gas operation is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), have been integrated into pharmaceutical and medical domains as drug delivery systems since the turn of the twenty-first century. Their capacity to effectively transport diverse therapeutics across membranes and into living cells has sparked interest in medicinal applications encompassing enhanced imaging, antimicrobial solutions, tissue regeneration, and targeted medication or gene delivery. Amidst the wealth of evidence showcasing the advantages of CNTs, such as heightened efficacy and reduced side effects, recent studies have unveiled unforeseen toxicities linked to their usage. Notably, the antimicrobial potential of CNTs has garnered significant attention, promising novel strategies for combating microbial infections. This mini review presents a synthesis and discussion of both the antimicrobial attributes and potential toxicity associated with carbon nanotubes. Despite their promising potential, several challenges stand as important considerations, deciphering the precise mechanisms through which CNTs exert their antibacterial effects remains a complex puzzle and ensuring the biocompatibility and safety of CNTs, both in terms of host cells and the environment, is paramount for clinical translation. Lastly, navigating regulatory pathways and standardization efforts will be integral for realizing the scope of CNTs as antimicrobial agents. The multifaceted nature of CNTs' antibacterial attributes underscores the complexity of their interactions within various systems. Addressing challenges through surface functionalization to enhance hydrophilicity and biocompatibility underscores a strategic approach for future exploration. As research progresses, carbon nanotubes hold the potential to emerge as a pivotal tool in the fight against microbial infections while offering innovative pathways for therapeutic advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in fish species composition in the principal rivers of the Ararat Plain have been assessed over the last century through an analysis of the literature and field studies. A total of 39 fish species, spread across 12 families and 31 genera, have been documented across the Ararat Plain (Araks River basin within southern Armenia and northeast Turkey). In the Armenian section of the plain, 37 taxa have been recorded, including 12 non-native species. Over the past century, the number of fish species in the Metsamor River has increased from 15 to 23, and from 6 to 23 in the Hrazdan River. Currently 16 of the 21 native fish species, previously recorded, are still present in water bodies of the Armenian part of the plain. Rhinogobius cf. similis has been documented for the first time in this region. The primary reasons for the changes in the ichthyofauna composition in the Armenian part of the Ararat Plain are the introduction and subsequent spread of non-native species into reservoirs. This process involves species such as Rhodeus amarus, Knipowitschia caucasica, species of Gobio and invasive non-native species such as Pseudorasbora parva, Carassius gibelio, Rhinogobius lindbergi, R.cf. similis, and Oncorhynchus mykiss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficient supply chain management within the US healthcare industry results in significant financial and environmental impact. Unopened medical supplies may routinely be discarded in the Emergency Department (ED), contributing as a source of unnecessary medical waste. Quantify the financial and environmental impact of unopened medical supplies that are routinely discarded in two EDs. The study utilized a waste audit of collection bins targeting unopened medical supplies that would have otherwise been discarded. Associated financial cost was calculated using data from the purchasing department and from an online search. End-of-life (EOL) environmental impact was calculated using the M+ Wastecare calculator. A lifecycle analysis was performed on a supplier-packaged intubation kit, which the study identified as a significant source of waste. High volumes of unused, unopened supplies (143.48 kg) were collected during the study period with a yearly extrapolated value of 1337 kg. Purchasing costs over 44 days at Hospital A and 37 days at Hospital B for these items amounted to $16,159.71 across both sites with a yearly extrapolated value of $150,631.73. Yearly extrapolated EOL impact yielded 5.79 tons per year of CO2eq. Components from supplier-packaged intubation kits were found to contribute to 45.2% of collected items at one site which purchased them. Lifecycle analysis of an intubation kit yields 23.6 kg of CO2eq. This study demonstrates that the disposal of unopened medical supplies contributes a significant source of financial and environmental waste in the ED setting. The results continue to support the trend of procedure kits generating significant environmental and financial waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Faba bean is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It serves as a staple food in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region. Faba bean production in Canada has recently increased due to the interest in sustainable plant‐based proteins. Identifying faba bean varieties that can grow across different environments and provide good quality, nutrition, and functionality is important. This study aimed to determine the effect of variety, growing location, and year on the composition, certain anti‐nutrients, and functionality of the faba bean varieties grown in Canada. Findings: Variety, growing location, and year had significant effects on the protein content, crude fat, ash, phytic acid, stachyose, verbascose, trypsin inhibitor activity, and functional properties of faba beans, including oil emulsion and water holding capacity. Starch content, total dietary fiber, and least gelling concentration were significantly affected by variety and growing location, whereas raffinose, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, and stability were significantly affected by variety and growing year. Significant interactions of variety, growing location, and year were observed for most characteristics. Environment played a greater role in affecting faba bean characteristics than variety except for starch content, total dietary fiber, oligosaccharides, and foaming stability. Conclusions: It was found that varietal and environmental factors affected each trait differently. Selecting suitable varieties and growing conditions would improve the quality of faba bean. Significance and Novelty: Information from this study will be useful to breeders, growers, and food manufacturers to improve the production and utilization of faba beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transportation is among the most prevalent, challenging, and complex sectors that significantly influence energy consumption, environmental sustainability, and economic dynamics. So, it is critical to identify effective strategies to lessen its detrimental consequences. The conventional signalized intersections, which use pre-programmed schedules to control traffic flow at junctions, are one of the most used systems and one of the biggest high Energy consumption rates creators. The study focuses on reducing fuel consumption and enhancing traffic flow by utilizing advanced technologies such as intelligent transportation systems (ITS), communication technologies, adaptive traffic systems, and coordination techniques. The study incorporates manually collected real-world data with an average time step of 15 min through various simulation scenarios. The aim is to develop adaptive coordination strategies for signalized intersections using intelligent communication technologies (ICT) and uncover the importance of coordination techniques combined with ICT. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of these technologies on traffic flow, energy consumption, and air pollution emissions. The results show that using adaptive traffic lights only reduces fuel consumption and emissions by 8%, while applying coordination techniques can increase the percentage up to 25%. In addition, by implementing ICT combined with coordination technique, fuel consumption and emissions, average queue length, and waiting time decreased by around 48%, 63%, and 41%, respectively while increase the average vehicle speed by 46% compared to the pretimed isolated intersections. The findings highlight the developed strategy capability in enhancing traffic flow, energy efficiency, environmental sustainability, leading to a cleaner environment, and transportation sector cost savings. Highlights: Adaptively coordinated traffic lights combined with V2X outperformed other regulation strategies. Proposed strategy decreases fuel consumption and emissions, average queue length, and waiting time by 48%, 63%, and 41%, respectively. Proposed strategy enhances the vehicle average speed by 46% compared to isolated intersections. Adaptively coordinated traffic lights combined with V2X presents a sustainable solution for traffic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insects act as disease vectors, spreading disease-causing organisms between plants and animals. There have been studies devoted to determining ways to control these pests. One of the most effective ways to accomplish this is to reduce their vector competency. This review article explains how these factors can reduce vector competency. Main body: The major ways by which vector competence can be reduced were reviewed. Entomopathogens are organisms that cause disease in arthropods like insects, mites, and ticks. Wolbachia is a genus of intracellular bacteria that mostly infects arthropods, including a significant number of insects. It is one of the most frequent insect reproductive parasites that kill or severely disables insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes are a type of worm that attacks insects and kills them. Insect-specific viruses are a relatively new class of viruses with a variety of intriguing traits that could be used to better understand and possibly inhibit arbovirus transmission. Entomopathogenic fungi are a type of fungus that kills insects by attacking and infecting their insect hosts. Disrupting the environment and nutrition of insects could also help to reduce their ability to spread diseases to humans, animals, and plants. Conclusions: Chemical control has been one of the most widely used methods for controlling disease vectors, but there have been reports of insect resistance, environmental degradation, and a variety of other side effects. Instead of chemical control, there are a variety of techniques that can be used, including targeting insects' endosymbionts (bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, and protozoa), changing insects' nutrition, manipulating their environment, and many others. This paper discussed the alternative ways to reduce vectors' competence without the use of synthetic chemical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have caused major epizootics in recent years, with devastating consequences for poultry and wildlife worldwide. Domestic and wild ducks can be highly susceptible to HPAIVs, and infection leads to efficient viral replication and massive shedding (i.e., high titres for an extended time), contributing to widespread viral dissemination. Importantly, ducks are known to shed high amounts of virus in the earliest phase of infection, but the dynamics and impact of environmental contamination on the epidemiology of HPAIV outbreaks are poorly understood. In this study, we monitored mule ducks experimentally infected with two H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b goose/Guangdong HPAIVs sampled in France in 2016–2017 and 2020–2021 epizootics. We investigated viral shedding dynamics in the oropharynx, cloaca, conjunctiva, and feathers; bird-to-bird viral transmission; and the role of the environment in viral spread and as a source of samples for early detection and surveillance. Our findings showed that viral shedding started before the onset of clinical signs, i.e., as early as 1 day post-inoculation (dpi) or post-contact exposure, peaked at 4 dpi, and lasted for up to 14 dpi. The detection of viral RNA in aerosols, dust, and water samples mirrored viral shedding dynamics, and viral isolation from these environmental samples was successful throughout the experiment. Our results confirm that mule ducks can shed high HPAIV titres through the four excretion routes tested (oropharyngeal, cloacal, conjunctival, and feather) while being asymptomatic and that environmental sampling could be a non-invasive tool for early viral RNA detection in HPAIV-infected farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As industries continue to release pollutants into the environment, the preservation of the environment has become a crucial concern. Among these pollutants, dye pollutants are particularly dangerous because they degrade slowly and pose a threat to aquatic life. In this paper, the removal and degradation of two dangerous dye contaminants, Malachite Green (MG) and Congo red (CR), by g-C3N4 and its composites and derivatives, were investigated. The results have shown that these composites have effectively removed both CR and MG dye contaminants from aqueous media in almost all studies, with a high degradation rate of over 90%. Also, in all studies, composites and derivatives of g-C3N4 have been found to destroy these two dye pollutants more effectively than g-C3N4 alone. Finally, as a general outcome, g-C3N4 and its composites can be utilized on a large scale in the textile industry to eliminate dye contaminants and aid in preserving the environment for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmaceuticals are used widely in radiography practice but pose an environmental risk. This study explored Australian radiographers' environmental attitude, pharmaceutical waste disposal practices, and knowledge and concern regarding the environmental impact of these pharmaceuticals. This study utilised an anonymous, online questionnaire developed from two validated questionnaires. Participants (n = 150) held current registration with the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia and were working eight or more hours per week in a medical imaging practice (public or private). Participants did not answer all questions, hence percentages reported reflect the number of counts for each question. Most participants (71.4%; 105/147) disposed of contaminated pharmaceutical waste in clinical waste bins with 17.1% (15/146) disposing of it down drains. More hospital radiographers 13.54% (13/96) reported this disposal compared with 2.08% (1/48) of community-based radiographers (Fisher's Exact Test, p = 0.035). There was no difference in disposal of non-contaminated waste between practice settings - general waste bin (68.5%; 100/150), recycling bin (28.8%; 42/146), and clinical waste bin (41.8%; 61/146). Participants lacked knowledge of impacts on the food chain and the health of humans and wildlife. Only 34.7% (48/138) of participants expressed concern regarding the impacts of human excreted pharmaceuticals on the environment compared with 65.8% (98/149) regarding impacts from incorrect disposal. Many (18.4%; 25/136) reported having received no information on correct disposal of pharmaceutical waste. This study highlighted participants' lack of knowledge on how pharmaceuticals enter the natural environment and the subsequent impacts on the environment and on the health of humans, and flora and fauna. They lacked knowledge of correct pharmaceutical waste disposal methods, but most agreed it was their professional responsibility to dispose of waste correctly. Improving radiographers' pharmaceutical waste disposal practices through education and professional support will reduce environmental impacts and also provide financial co-benefits if non-contaminated waste is recycled where possible and not incinerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for iodine has increased in the last years, among other factors due to increased medical use. There is no consensus regarding iodinated contrast media (ICM)'s damaging impact on the environment and therefore the producers encourage collecting and recycling ICM waste. The aim of the study was to investigate the ICM waste management in hospitals in Central Norway and to explore the radiographers' attitudes regarding ICM recycling and possible causes of suboptimal waste management. The link to the electronic survey was sent to all radiographers working with computed tomography within the Central Norway Regional Health Authority. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. Results reported from 100 radiographers from eight hospitals show that ICM leftovers are recycled or reused in most cases (26% collect them for recycling and 38% use them for oral administration) while 25% send them to the pharmacy together with other pharmaceutical waste and 8% discard them in the sink or the garbage bin. 25% reported that they are not familiar with their department's procedures related to ICM waste. 84% were concerned about the consequences of ICM waste for the environment. There were considerable differences in the management of ICM waste amongst the hospitals and also internally within the hospitals. Improper practices, likely caused by lack of disposal plans and/or suboptimal information flow, were reported to a low extent. Local ICM waste management guidelines which are easily available for radiographers may increase both reuse and recycle rates. Including ICM waste management in the educational curriculum for radiographers can provide early understanding of the rationale behind the procedures and their environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students (HCPES-NS) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The HCPES-NS was constructed following the DeVellis guidelines. The initial items were written based on a literature review and individual in-depth interviews. Content validity was verified through an expert panel review. To confirm the validity and reliability of the scale, a survey was conducted with 449 nursing students enrolled in 12 nursing colleges. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability tests. Results: Factor analysis showed that the HCPES-NS consists of 15 items on five subdomains: clinical site atmosphere, interpersonal relationship, alternative online practicum contents, provision of learning information, and clinical performance facilitation. A higher score indicated a more positive perception of the clinical practicum environment. The concurrent validity of the HCPES-NS was confirmed by its positive correlation with the Clinical Learning Environment Scale (r = .77). The Cronbach's α reliability of the HCPES-NS was .84. Conclusion: The HCPES-NS is both valid and reliable. This scale reflects the clinical practicum environment and includes an online practicum factor. It may be used effectively by faculty members and educators to evaluate nursing students' perceptions of clinical practicum environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Climate change is one of the leading threats to humanity today, and the practice of anaesthesia has an appreciable impact. This review will explore how anaesthesia, as part of the healthcare sector, significantly impacts climate change and how current literature can guide us in reducing our impact in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to highlight the importance of environmental internal audit in the organisation and its role in evaluating the environmental management system. In order to try to apply the theoretical study, we have taken the cement company Mitidja as a case study to understand the different aspects of the topic through field visits to the organisation. Regarding the tools of the field study, the interview, observation, questionnaires and analysis of various documents and data related to the studied organisation were used, using the descriptive and analytical approach. The study concluded that environmental internal audit is an important tool to ensure the organisation's compliance with environmental laws and regulations and the validity of the procedures it has adopted to protect the environment. It aims to evaluate the environmental management system and identify the strengths and weaknesses of this system in order to assess its effectiveness, with the aim of protecting the organisation from legal penalties and fines resulting from the violation of environmental laws due to pollution from its activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaching decisions on climate change, energy and resources is tied to expectations for adequate training of energy professionals. The article presents the results of a study of the formed professional competence of graduates from the „Heat Engineering“ bachelor‘s program of TU – Sofia. For this purpose, a toolkit was prepared for diagnosing the level of competence in the engineering ecology course, including four criterion tests for measuring achievements. The levels of formed competence are defined: nominal, functional, procedural and comprehensive competence. A novelty is the inclusion of authentic tasks from the exam for the qualification of the workers of the desulphurization installations in TPP “Maritsa Iztok 2” and “Toplofikatsia – Sliven Eng. Angel Angelov” in the test tasks of the students. The analysis of the results shows that in 28% of the students the professional competence is fully formed, and they are able to solve completely complex professional tasks. Basic technical knowledge and constructive engineering skills are possessed by 30% of students. In 37% of the graduates have developed procedural competence, and 5% of students have superficial factual knowledge that does not successfully manage professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work analyzes the impact of the wild boar on the environment. Its useful role has been demonstrated, emphasizing its sanitary function and usefulness as a bioindicator in monitoring the natural environment. The problems posed by numerous wild boar populations were analyzed, including a sanitary threat to humans and animals, a real threat to soil and ecosystems, damage to the agricultural and forest environment, negative impact on local biodiversity in anthropogenic environments, nuisance to people in urban and suburban areas. Sus scrofa can be considered as a species capable of causing disturbances to biotic and abiotic elements of the environment. The work draws attention to the threats posed by Sus scrofa and/or the threats to the species. The focus is on the animal being the vector of infections for various species of animals and humans because wild boars are susceptible to various highly contagious diseases that sometimes decimate their populations. Wild boars should be seen as beneficial animals (a bioindicator of environmental contamination, sanitary function) and at the same time problematic ones, dangerous to other species, including domestic pigs and humans, and to the environment. Due to the significant damage caused to global agriculture, to agricultural and forest crops, the threat to biodiversity, the nuisance to humans in urbanized areas related to the wild boar, there is an increasing interest in the ecology of the species and the principles of wild boar population management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine whether standalone teleconsultation is an effective alternative to face-to-face assessment of patients requiring circumcision. To determine what environmental and efficiency benefits may arise as a result of service alteration. Patients and Methods: All cases listed for circumcision during first UK lockdown (1 February to 30 September 2020) were reviewed. Cases were collated from operative lists, theatre logs and secretarial records. Cancellations and rationale were recorded. Local audit approval was granted for conduct of this study. Statistical analysis was conducted in JASP. Results: A total of 101 patients were listed for circumcision during the study period. The overall odds of cancellation was 0.063. There was no significant difference in odds of cancellation between telephone clinic and face-to-face clinic odds ratio 0.371 (confidence interval (CI): 0.039–3.46). Telephone clinic could achieve a per-patient cost reduction of £81 and a total reduction in CO2 emissions of 637 kg. Discussion: This is the first study to demonstrate teleconsultation as a suitable method to list patients for circumcision without a face-to-face appointment. The COVID pandemic has accelerated transformational change in outpatient service design instigated by the National Health Service (NHS) Long-Term plan. The environmental and efficiency savings demonstrated suggest sustainable change beyond the pandemic. Level of Evidence: Level 3 (cohort study) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature being the powerful force in the universe greatly influences man. According to man nature is the source of original happiness. Man forgets his distress and sorrows when in company of nature, as nature cures man internally. Nature also inculcates a sense of beauty in man and provide a heavenly pleasure which man cannot invent anywhere in the universe. For Man, nature is the reflection of heaven on Earth. Later man attempted to rule this world considering it to be his own which led to disturbances in the natural environment. Nature started teaching man to accept the changes in life. Nature motivates man to a greater extent. Nature plays a vital role in the world of literature. The aspects of human life are revealed by the creative artist using nature in his work. Nature also acts as one of the most dominating characters in a text and exerts its powerful impression upon the characters. Nature elevates their inner and abstract feelings in them and also cures the disgrace and calamity in the life of man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the news media framing of electric vehicles (EVs) in New Zealand and theorises the role it may have played in the uptake of EVs in the country. The results were unexpected as they did not reflect previous research. The positive valence of EVs, battery life, carbon emissions, the environment, range, public or personal costs, positive public opinion, positive evaluative language and battery reusage were not emphasised at all in the coverage sampled. Instead, the results showed there was a significant focus only on EVs' technological features, such as smart technology. However, despite the lacklustre media coverage of EVs in New Zealand, the sales of EVs went up. This disconnection between previous research detailing the importance of positive media framing and subsequent behaviour has implications for further research examining media effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental exposures have been postulated to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most widely studied ambient air pollutants, but its peri-operative impact on CRS is unknown. Objective: To determine the effect of acute, peri-operative PM exposure on outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods: Participants with CRS who self-selected ESS were prospectively enrolled. The 22-item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short-Form 6-D (SF-6D) health utility values scores were recorded. Using residence zip codes, a secondary analysis of patient exposure to PM <2.5 μm and <10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively) was performed for the month of surgery utilizing data from Environmental Protection Agency air quality monitors. Spearman's correlation coefficients (ρ), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and effect estimates (β) were used to determine the magnitudes of association. Simple, multivariate regression analysis was also completed. Results: One hundred and seven patients from four geographically unique institutions across the US were enrolled with a follow-up of 6 months. Patients with higher peri-operative PM2.5 exposure had less improvement in their SNOT-22 scores after ESS compared to those with less exposure using both univariate analysis (ρ = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.43; P =.01) and after covariate adjustment with multivariate analysis (B = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.001, 2.14, P =.05). Similar associations were not found with SF-6D outcomes or with PM10 as an exposure of interest. No significant correlations were found between peri-operative PM levels and Lund-Kennedy endoscopy scores post-operatively. Conclusion: Preliminary data from this pilot study reveal that PM exposure at the time of ESS may negatively associate with post-operative improvement in sinonasal quality-of-life. Larger, population-based studies with more standardized PM exposure windows are needed to confirm the clinical significance of the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Having a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) can impact the abilities of an individual in many areas of life, including the ability to live independently. The environment of an individual impacts their day-to-day life throughout their lifespan. To improve supported housing experiences, it is important to map the evidence, especially relating to quality and satisfaction with the environment (as defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework). This has been exacerbated by COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, therefore more insight is needed in measuring this. Objective and methods: This scoping review searched 5 health and social science databases with the objective to identify and examine the outcome measures that integrate aspects of the environment that examine supported housing in individuals with NDD. Results and discussion: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. We found that most measures targeted the satisfaction of individuals about their environment, with the ICF Support and Relationships factor of the environment assessed most. Measures were most often completed by a proxy through an interview. This work enhances our understanding of aspects of the environments of supported housing that are currently measured, laying an essential base for future research to improve the lives of individuals with NDDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a narrative review of the literature to 1) assess the need for and 2) report methods to help deliver a sustainable approach to iodinated contrast media (ICM) administration. Acute ICM shortages have been noted in the literature. As demand for contrast-enhanced imaging continues to increase and access to raw materials becomes more limited, such events may increase. Evidence from the literature has documented a range of iodinated contrast reduction strategies. These include individualised contrast-media dosing, multi-dose bulk ICM vials, switching to alternative modalities or the increased use of non-contrast examinations. The optimisation of imaging parameters, the use of saline chasers, and alternative contrast agents should be further considered. Given the rising concerns regarding the presence and effects of ICMs in waste and drinking water, further consideration of strategies for managing waste and excreted ICMs are starting to emerge. Sustainable ICM practices are needed to help avoid supply shortages and to help protect our environment. Such practices must be led and supported locally, nationally, and internationally. Sustainable ICM practices must be reflected within professional Standards of Proficiencies and be adopted by all members of the multidisciplinary team. Changes to working practices surrounding the sustainable use of ICMs will likely become commonplace. New methods to ensure optimised ICM dosage with minimal wastage will be more heavily featured in departmental practices. Correct disposal of waste and excreted ICMs will also form part of future changes to practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Outline of the birth and evolution of Earth involving tectonic recycling to a habitable planet with energy and metal resources. • Evaluation of modern concerns over catastrophic climate change and sea level rise related to anthropogenic CO 2. • Challenges to implementation of consequent Net Zero target arising from fast depleting critical metal resources. • Population change, not climate change, as the major threat to civilization. • Need for holistic approach and integrated measures to maintain the sustainability of the planet amid population change. It took nearly four billion years after the birth of the Earth to make our planet habitable in terms of marine and terrestrial environment, resources, and life. This was made possible because of Earth's unique tectonic system of recycling of critical elements through plate tectonics and subduction. However, with the spiraling growth in population and fast depletion of metallic resources, modern civilization is facing a severe energy crisis, in addition to the challenges to environment and life posed by anthropogenic activities and climate change. Here we present an outline of the evolutionary tectonic and geodynamic history of Earth from its birth into a habitable planet. We briefly address the current challenges that humans face in the fields of energy, environment, resources, and climate towards achieving sustainability of our modern civilization. We also evaluate the paradox of Net Zero targets, particularly in terms of the fast depletion of non-renewable critical metals required for alternate energy, as well as the threat of increasing 'graveyards' from green energy toxic waste enveloping the globe. We alert the unsound concepts being propagated, as viewed from a geological scale and geoscience perspective, on global warming and sea level changes. Our study emphasizes the need for a holistic logical and well-integrated scientific approach, rather than a one-dimensional climate science view, to effectively address the challenges of the planet's sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals with mobility disabilities are less likely to meet physical activity standards and are at greater risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases at earlier ages. Public parks are an essential resource for participation in physical activity. However, environmental factors may limit the participation of wheelchair users. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using the Path Environment Audit Tool (PEAT) and to explore the wheelchair accessibility of five public parks in Saudi Arabia through descriptive analysis. Methods: A descriptive study design was implemented to evaluate wheelchair accessibility features of five public parks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and process, resource, and management assessments were conducted. Phone GPS-App Strava was used to track the segments and measure their distances. Results: Audits in multiple parks using PEAT were time-consuming despite being user-friendly. The descriptive analysis of paths and trails across the five parks showed some positive features, such as adequate bollard/gate clearance, but the path slope and condition of the path surfaces were more variable. Conclusion: This study is the first to examine wheelchair accessibility in public parks in Saudi Arabia. Preliminary audits of paths/trials in five public parks revealed the strengths and weaknesses of accessibility and features that promote physical activity participation for wheelchair users. These findings can guide future use of PEAT in large-scale studies and inform environmental modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at the discourses of five selected Western food documentaries released in the last decade that deal with meat production and animal agriculture and their impact on the environment, animal welfare, and nature. The article finds that the documentaries employ discourses about nature that involve highly romanticized notions of nature, the environment, and animals that nostalgically harken back to the pre-modern, pastoral, artisanal, and peasant ethos. In the studied documentaries, nature is portrayed as a victim of modern technologies, but also as an avenging and self-restoring entity. Although the Romantic visions of pristine nature and natural meat and food production are grounded in the late eighteenth century, they remain an important source of skepticism and critique of capitalist, industrial, scientific, and technological forms of food- and meat production. By applying the method of multimodal critical discourse analysis, this study reflects on the nature of Romantic representations and the potential meanings of visual, auditory, and linguistic features in the selected documentaries, as well as the potential of Romantic thought to trigger paradigmatic shifts in the way nature is affected by the meat system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the prior mobile payment−subjective well-being (SWB) literature has mainly discussed its economic and social impacts, the present study supplements this body of research by introducing an economic–social–environmental perspective. Using two waves of representative Chinese national surveys, the instrumental variable (IV) estimator suggests that mobile payment is positively and statistically significantly correlated with SWB. Furthermore, the results reveal that the positive correlation comes from the compound influence of economic, social, and environmental channels. Specifically, it shows that mobile payment not only affects people's economic and social performance but also mitigates the adverse effects of poor environmental conditions on SWB. Additionally, a further disaggregated analysis shows that mobile payment exerts a stronger positive influence on SWB for people from underdeveloped areas within the economic–social–environmental framework. These findings shed light on the role of financial technology in facilitating sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper reports a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) to calculate the environmental footprint of a dental appointment using N2O, comparing single-use equipment with reusable equipment. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is used successfully in dentistry to provide sedation and pain relief to anxious patients, most commonly in children. However, N2O is a powerful climate pollutant 298 times more damaging than carbon dioxide over a 100-year estimate. Methods: The functional unit chosen for this LCIA was 30 min delivery of N2O to oxygen in a 50:50 ratio at 6 L per minute flow rate as inhalation sedation to one patient. Two types of equipment were compared to deliver the anaesthetic gas: reusable and disposable items. Results: The use of disposable equipment for N2O sedation produces a significantly larger environmental impact across nearly all of the environmental impact scores, but the overall global warming potential is comparable for both types of equipment due to the vast environmental pollution from N2O itself. Conclusion: N2O sedation is a reliable treatment adjunct but contributes to climate change. Single-use equipment has a further deleterious effect on the environment, though this is small compared to the overall impact of N2O. Dental priorities should be to deliver safe and effective care to patients that protects staff, minimises waste and mitigates impact on the environment alongside promoting research into alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roland Barthes called attention to the barometer in 'Un Coeur simple' to illustrate the concept of l'effet de reel: the presence of objects which constitute a narrative luxury. For Flaubert's characters too, the barometer represents an objet de luxe since it goes unread. This article examines how humans interact with barometers figuratively and physically in Flaubert's works, and how contemporaneous cultural references view conversations about weather and barometers as evidence of provincial taste. Flaubert's unread barometers may not predict the weather, but they signal the pressure of gratuitous acquisition, preoccupation and conversation, and forebode the consequences of failed interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is undoubtedly a global threat, with extreme weather events, air pollution, and food insecurity disproportionately impacting low-income countries. The healthcare sector, whilst responsible for 4.4% of global net carbon emissions, has been slow in addressing its environmental footprint. This article explores the needs and challenges to achieve sustainable orthopaedic surgery. Orthopaedic surgery continues to create a large carbon footprint, primarily through the use of single-use consumables and energy-intensive operating theatres. While efforts to reduce environmental harm have primarily targeted changes within the operating theatre, a comprehensive approach must consider the entire surgical pathway. The principles of reduce, reuse and recycle are paramount. Reducing surgical caseload and advancing digital healthcare afford opportunities to streamline patient interactions, reduce travel emissions and improve efficiency. Furthermore, reevaluating routine practices, such as preoperative investigations and postoperative care, can minimize unnecessary resource consumption. Improving the sustainability of orthopaedics will bring conflicting clinical, financial and environmental challenges. However, with increasing awareness among healthcare professionals and support from it's professional bodies, there is growing momentum toward sustainable orthopaedic surgery. Transitioning to sustainable orthopaedic surgery neccesitates a broad approach encompassing prevention, optimization, and streamlining of the surgical pathway. Addressing environmental concerns alongside clinical outcomes is imperative for the future of orthopaedic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: All institutions of higher learning including public universities in South Africa must participate in green programmes in order to be considered socially responsible. This requires a better understanding of the green environment and green initiatives. Hence, the primary objective is to identify and investigate the existing green initiatives implemented at South African universities. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study investigated five key green initiatives: 1) Renewable energy generation and consumption. 2) Water-saving technology and consumption. 3) Waste management. 4) Sustainable buildings. 5) Personnel training and awareness creation. A five-point Likert scale collected data across 18 criteria measuring the five green initiatives. University managers completed and returned 149 questionnaires but only 144 were usable. Findings: The data has marginal reliability (a=0.412), acceptable sample adequacy (KMO=0.531) and significance at the 95% confidence level (p<0.05). The results show that universities implement 20-25% of their green initiatives. The exploratory factor analysis identified seven factors explaining a cumulative variance of 56.14%. They are: 1) Recovering natural resources and recycling. 2) Supportive infrastructure. 3) Reallocation of resources. 4) Conservation of natural resources. 5) Leadership involvement and improved communication. 6) Improved technology.7) Efficient use of financial resources. Conclusion: This research contributes to the "going green at universities" of knowledge in South Africa. It is valuable to students, researchers, communities and the department of education in their pursuit to implement green initiatives at universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rising per capita income, the Indian market has seen a sharp rise in consumables consumption over time. These days, customers may easily obtain consumables because of digitalization, which acts as a catalyst to draw them in, raise their awareness of, and assist them in obtaining the desired item. The purpose of this study is to find the influence of demographic variables on buying intention of sustainable products. The study is done across 172 respondents residing in Kolkata. The responses are analysed with the help of descriptive statistics and chi-square test using statistical software. The findings show us that demographic factors play a substantial role in enhancing the purchase of sustainable products. Customers who actively choose to purchase eco-friendly goods have the potential to strengthen the handicraft sector and advance environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suboptimal radiation protection evidenced in literature necessitated the development of a theory to optimise radiation protection. To develop a theory, concept analysis of the central concept guiding the theory is required to provide explicit theoretical and operational definitions. This article presents the concept analysis of the central concept of 'facilitating a transformative radiation protection environment' used to develop a theory to optimise radiation protection. The study used Walker and Avant's concept analysis process of selecting a concept, determining the aims and purpose of analysis, identifying all uses of the concept, and determining the defining attributes by identifying a model case, a borderline case and a contrary case. The central concept was dissected into the individual concepts of facilitating, transformative, radiation, protection, and environment to enhance the definition and conceptual meaning of the central concept. The essential and related attributes of the individual concepts informed the summative definition of the central concept, and a model, borderline and contrary case contributed to the conceptual meaning. The summative definition of the central concept of "facilitating a transformative radiation protection environment" was determined to be through the essential attributes of help, process, change, X-rays, keeping safe considering the benefits versus risks of ionising radiation exposure and the total internal, external context within which persons exist and the related attributes. Explored extensively in nursing literature, concept analyses in radiography are limited. Therefore, this article articulates the process of concept analysis and its use in radiography. Concept analysis provides a systematic process to analyse concepts often assumed to be understood, highlighting its importance in radiography literature and to educational praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]