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Beginning in July 2019, numerous free-ranging brown anoles (Anolis sagrei), an invasive lizard species in Florida, USA, were reported with large, soft, subcutaneous masses and disfiguring facial swellings. Postmortem evaluations of six affected animals, including cytology, histology, and electron microscopy, identified the presence of myriad chain-forming coccoid bacteria surrounded by a prominent clear capsule and abundant lightly basophilic matrix material with minimal associated granulomatous inflammation and effacement of normal tissue. Standard PCR and sequencing of the lesions revealed 100% nucleotide identity to Enterococcus lacertideformus. This bacterium was first observed in 2014 as the cause of a severe, multisystemic infection in several species of lizards (geckos and skinks) on Christmas Island, an Australian external territory in the Indian Ocean. Previously, analysis of E. lacertideformus had been hindered by an inability to grow the bacterium in standard culture conditions. We successfully cultured the organism on primary anole kidney cells. Given the growing recognition of host species diversity and geographic distribution noted for this organism, there is potential concern for spread to native North American lizards, especially the green anole (Anolis carolinensis), whose population numbers have apparently decreased due to introduced brown anoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondroid syringomas (CSs) are benign adnexal skin tumors usually affecting adolescent females in the periorbital region, and may have calcifications. Malignant transformation is very rarely encountered. There is a tendency to either medical treatment or intralesional injection of these lesions when confirmed benign especially if multiple. We herein describe a female with a periorbital benign CS. The presurgery cytology failed to predict the diagnosis, but surgical excision was attempted with good result. Both pathologists and surgeons are encouraged to add this differential in their diagnostic package of facial subcutaneous swellings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8 mg dexamethasone injection into the pterygomandibular space on the postoperative sequelae of lower third molar surgery. A prospective, randomized, controlled, split-mouth study was designed involving 62 lower third molar extractions (31 patients). Prior to surgery, the study group received 2 ml of 4 mg/ml (8 mg) dexamethasone injection through the pterygomandibular space following local anaesthesia; the control group received 2 ml normal saline injection. Facial swelling, mouth opening, pain on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and the number of analgesics consumed were assessed. Descriptive statistics and the independent-samples t -test were used to compare the two groups at P < 0.05. There was a significant reduction in swelling on day 2 postoperative in the dexamethasone group. Mouth opening was also significantly greater on day 2 in the dexamethasone group. The VAS pain score was significantly lower on the day of the operation and first postoperative day in the dexamethasone group, but did not differ significantly between the groups on the other postoperative days. The injection of 8 mg dexamethasone into the pterygomandibular space was effective in reducing postoperative swelling, limited mouth opening, and pain following impacted lower third molar extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To determine the characteristics, aetiology and management of facial swellings of odontogenic origin in the paediatric population. Study design: Prospective study of children with facial swellings of odontogenic origin. Methods: All children who presented to the Departments of Paediatric Dentistry of the Westmead Centre for Oral Health and the Children's Hospital at Westmead with a facial swelling of odontogenic origin over a 12 month period were identified and included in the study. Treating clinicians completed a standardised data collection sheet to record information relating to patient demographics, medical history, dental history, history of current episode of facial swelling of odontogenic origin, examination findings and management. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis carried out using Statistical Analysis Software version 9.3. Results/statistics: Two hundred and fifty-three children were included in the study, with a mean age of 6.3 years. Sixteen percent of children were admitted for intravenous antibiotics, surgical management and supportive care. For the remaining children not admitted, a range of management approaches were undertaken. These included immediate surgical management with or without oral antibiotics, delayed surgical management following a course of oral antibiotics, or oral antibiotics alone, where the cause of the odontogenic infection had already been removed. For 2 % of children, a delayed surgical management approach was unsuccessful and the children were admitted. Conclusions: Management options for children presenting with facial swellings of odontogenic origin include admission to hospital for intravenous antibiotics and acute surgical management, immediate surgical management with or without a course of oral antibiotics or initial management involving a course of oral antibiotics, with definitive dental treatment being provided after resolution of the acute odontogenic infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 57-year-old Caucasian male who underwent an outpatient colonoscopy and drainage of rectal abscess. It states that the anesthesia assessment was performed with a special focus on the patient's history of hereditary angioedema, an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a deficiency in functional C1 inhibitor resulting in unconstrained tissue bradykinin formation.

The article presents case studies of several adult kunekune pigs that developed facial swelling and abnormalities of the mandible. It describes the investigation and clinical findings on the swelling and chronic discharging lesions of the kunekune pigs which discharges feed materials in the mandible. It implies that the condition occur frequently in kunekune pigs but must be considered as a differential diagnosis for facial swellings and discharging lesions.

Angioedema is a phenomenon that rapidly affects the tissues in the respiratory tract within minutes to hours of initial presentation. Characterizing features are sudden onset of laryngeal edema leading to airway compromise and asphyxiation. It has an asymmetric distribution with involvement of lips, larynx, and even bowel. Ten percent of Americans can expect to have at least one episode of angioedema and of these, twenty percent require airway intervention. As anesthesia practitioners, it is important to understand the identifying features of this phenomena so rapid treatment and airway management can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) is an uncommon, usually benign neoplasm which is most commonly found in the maxilla. We describe the case of a 6-month-old boy who was referred with a swiftly increasing swelling of the left cheek. After imaging and biopsy, MNTI was confirmed, and surgical resection was performed. Literature demonstrates that most MNTIs occur in the head and neck area and most of those occur in the maxilla. Although most cases are benign, 6.5% are malignant with metastatic disease. Treatment and outcome are discussed in detail. The case highlights the importance of making the diagnosis MNTI early on in order to achieve an optimal outcome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexamethasone intramuscular injection 1h preoperatively, in reducing facial swelling, pain and trismus after lower impacted third molar (LITM) surgery. Twenty healthy Thai patients with both LITM surgical extraction were enrolled in the study. The washout period was 1 month after the first operation. Clinical assessment of the facial swelling, pain and trismus were measured before and after operation for 7 days and the patient''s total analgesic consumption was recorded. The level of significance used in the statistical decisions was P <0.05. Preoperative intramuscular injection of single-dose 8mg dexamethasone reduced postoperative swelling after LITM surgical extraction significantly on the second postoperative day, but immediately after surgery and on day 7 after the surgical extraction, no significant difference was found between the dexamethasone and control groups. Dexamethasone also reduced postoperative pain after LITM surgical extraction significantly on postoperative days 2 and 7. Additionally, the amount of paracetamol decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in trismus in the study and control groups 7 days after LITM operation. Single-dose intramuscular injection of dexamethasone can reduce postoperative facial swelling and pain, without affecting trismus after LITM surgical extraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intramuscular (IM) injection and consumption of 8mg dexamethasone in patients after lower third molar (LTM) surgery. 20 healthy Thai patients, average age 20 years, with bilateral LTM removal were recruited for this study, a double blinded, paired sample clinical trial. The washout period was 1 month after the first operation. Clinical assessment of facial swelling, pain and maximum mouth opening were measured before and after operation for 7 days. No significant difference was found in facial swelling between IM injection and consumption of 8mg dexamethasone after LTM surgery (paired t test P >0.05). The visual analogue scale scores for pain assessment showed no significant difference between IM injection and consumption of dexamethasone (paired t test P >0.05). The results conclude that IM injection or consumption of dexamethasone after LTM surgery can be used to control facial swelling, pain and trismus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a case study on the diagnosis given to three horses, Thoroughbred gelding, pony and Warmblood gelding, with facial swelling and epiphora in New Zealand. According to a radiography conducted, the horses were suffering from lacrimomaxillary suture exostosis and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct was observed through dacryocystorhinography. It states that the diagnosis is different from horses suffering with epiphora.

Facial swelling is commonly ascribed to angioedema and a host of other causes. Temporal arteritis (TA), a disease most often diagnosed in patients over the age of 50 years, frequently presents with nonspecific and often ignored complaints (headache, symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica, low-grade fever, fever of unknown origin, loss of appetite, depression, joint pains, weight loss, hair loss, and even respiratory symptoms). The diagnosis of TA is highly likely in the presence of new-onset headaches, polymyalgia rheumatica, and a tender, cord-like, or swollen temporal artery. Facial swelling must be appreciated as another presentation of TA, especially when accompanied by other nonspecific symptoms. High clinical suspicion, immediate treatment, and definitive diagnosis by temporal artery biopsy are necessary to prevent the most severe vascular complications of blindness and cerebrovascular accidents. Treatment with corticosteroids is most often successful. Because this treatment is fraught with all the risks of high-dose and prolonged steroid therapy, it should only be initiated in cases of significant clinical suspicion, followed by a timely temporal artery biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Delay in therapy increases the risk of a vascular catastrophe. Delay in obtaining a temporal artery biopsy after therapy has been initiated decreases the diagnostic sensitivity of the test. Other modalities of immunosuppressive therapy remain either unsuccessful or unproven. Concomitant low-dose aspirin therapy appears to hold promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental odontogenic cysts of the jaw, arising from impacted, embedded or unerupted teeth. Although mostly solitary, multiple cysts occur in association with syndromes such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, cleidocranial dysplasia, basal cell nevus syndrome, and Gardner''s syndrome. Multiple cysts in non-syndromic patients are extremely rare, occurring almost exclusively in the mandible. We report the case of a four-year-old girl with painless right-sided facial swelling, diagnosed with two dentigerous cysts in the right maxillary sinus, who successfully underwent enucleation. To our knowledge this is the only case of multiple unilateral maxillary dentigerous cysts in a healthy, non-syndromic patient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A case is presented of a 14-year-old female undergoing orthodontic fixed appliance treatment who presented with right facial swelling in the parotid region. An initial diagnosis of acute infective parotitis was made by her primary care clinician. However, after clinical examination and ultrasonographic imaging, a diagnosis of salivary stasis secondary to inflammatory occlusion of Stensen's ductal orifice was made. The ductal orifice had been traumatized by the adjacent orthodontic appliance. This has not been described before in the literature. The differential diagnosis of parotid enlargement in children is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]