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The selective separation of MoS42–and WO42–using quaternary ammonium salt through solvent extraction or ion exchange methods has been well-established in the metallurgical industry. However, the conventional electrostatic adsorption theory falls short in explaining the separation mechanism. Through first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations and newly self-developed deep potential molecular dynamics (DPMD) simulation method, our work first reveals that the disparity in hydration structures of MoS42–and WO42–plays a crucial role in their selective separation. It is proposed that MoS42–and WO42–anions undergo hydration to form [MoS4(H2O)n]2–and [WO4(H2O)n]2–, respectively, facilitated by hydrogen bond (H-bond) interactions. Emphasis is placed on the discrepancy between MoS42–and WO42–in hydration structures by the hydration energy, Hirshfeld charge, evaluation of weak interactions, hydration radius, hydration coordination number, and H-bonds distribution. MoS42–presents a larger first hydration radius and a lower first hydration coordination number due to weaker interactions with H2O, while WO42–is subjected to enhanced hydration shielding, resulting in MoS42–anions being more susceptible to be selectively separated by a quaternary ammonium salt. This insight paves the way for the selective separation of MoS42–and WO42–, further bridging the gap between theory and industry applications.

Metal contaminants from surface water pollution events often enter hyporheic zones, under certain conditions, they may be released back into streams, causing secondary pollution to the water quality. The present study investigated the effects of adsorption, permeability, and anisotropy of sediment beds on the release of zinc ions (Zn2+) from the hyporheic zone into overlying turbulent flows using large-eddy simulations (LES). The volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and advection-diffusion equation with adsorption term were used to describe the sediment in-flow, adsorption, and convective diffusion of Zn2+within the sediment layer. The effects of sediment permeability on the Zn2+concentration distribution and mass transfer processes were investigated by time-averaged statistics of flow and concentration fields. The results show that adsorption becomes stronger as the pH value increases, leading to a slow increase in Zn2+concentration in the overlying water layer and reaching a lower steady-state concentration. Higher overall permeability of the sediment layer can enhance mass and momentum exchange near the sediment-water interface (SWI), and intensify the release of Zn2+from the sediment layer into the overlying water. As the wall-normal permeability of the sediment layer increases, the normal turbulent intensity strengthens, momentum transport enhances, the wall-normal Zn2+concentration flux increases, the effective diffusion coefficient increases, and the concentration in the overlying water increases.

Zeolite-catalyzed dimethyl ether (DME) carbonylation provides a novel route to producing methyl acetate (MeOAc). Mordenite (MOR) has drawn significant interest because of its remarkable MeOAc selectivity in DME carbonylation, albeit with limited catalytic stability. Herein, novel MOR-based DME carbonylation catalysts, distinguished by long-term stability and high activity were successfully developed, based on an H2-promoted benign coke strategy. Both the H2cofeeds and the presence of metal species with hydrogenation capability are demonstrated to be crucial for the regulation of coke depositions. The coke deposits can potentially cover the acid sites in the 12-MR main channels, thereby mitigating the occurrence of undesirable methanol-to-hydrocarbon side reactions. Meanwhile, the elimination of ultralarge coke species under the assistance of H2and Cu species could ensure smooth mass transfer within the catalyst, contributing to its remarkable catalytic performance. The most highlighted DME carbonylation performance was achieved on coke-mediated CuZn-HMOR with a high MeOAc yield of 0.4–0.5 g·gcat–1·h–1for over 520 h (over 50× enhancement versus HMOR), exhibiting promising industrial application potential. The current strategy is expected to inspire further research into zeolite-catalyzed reactions, which could be potentially improved by the presence of benign coke.

Viral encephalitis continues to be a significant public health concern. In our previous study, we discovered a lower expression of antiviral factors, such as IFN-β, STING and IFI16, in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE), a rare chronic neurological disorder often occurred in children, characterized by unihemispheric brain atrophy. Furthermore, a higher cumulative viral score of human herpes viruses (HHVs) was also found to have a significant positive correlation with the unihemispheric atrophy in RE. Type I IFNs (IFN-I) signaling is essential for innate anti-infection response by binding to IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR). In this study, we infected WT mice and IFNAR-deficient A6 mice with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) via periocular injection to investigate the relationship between IFN-I signaling and HHVs-induced brain lesions. While all mice exhibited typical viral encephalitis lesions in their brains, HSV-induced epilepsy was only observed in A6 mice. The gene expression matrix, functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network revealed four gene models that were positively related with HSV-induced epilepsy. Additionally, ten key genes with the highest scores were identified. Taken together, these findings indicate that intact IFN-I signaling can effectively limit HHVs induced neural symptoms and brain lesions, thereby confirming the positive correlation between IFN-I signaling repression and brain atrophy in RE and other HHVs encephalitis.

High-silica zeolite Y encapsulated ultra-small Ru nanoclusters enhance the catalytic selectivity and stability for the direct hydrodeoxygenation of neat methyl levulinate into pentanoic biofuels at a previously unattained reaction temperature.

User alignment across online social network platforms (OSNPs) is a growing concern with the rapid development of internet technology. In reality, users tend to register different accounts on multiple OSNPs, and the network platforms are reluctant to share network structure and user’s information due to business interest and privacy protection, which brings great obstacles to cross-platform user alignment. In view of this, we propose a homomorphic encryption-based social network alignment (HE-SNA) algorithm from the perspective of privacy leakage. Specifically, we first consider the OSNPs as a system containing multiple social networks, that each participant of OSNPs owns part of the network, i.e., a separate private sub-network. Then, encryption, fusion and decryption operations of the alignment information are performed by two third-party servers using HE scheme, which can protect the privacy information of sub-networks effectively. Finally, each sub-network uses the fused alignment information sent back from the third-party server for user alignment. Experimental results show that the HE-SNA method can provide a sum of locally trained models to third-party servers without leaking the privacy of any single sub-network. Moreover, the HE-SNA achieves a promising network alignment performance than only using the structural information and alignment data of single private sub-network while protecting its topology structure information.

While seeding is a long-established strategy for the synthesis of zeolites with the desired phase in a faster crystallization rate and it is believed that the added seeds are at least partially dissolved in the synthetic gel for zeolite nucleation and growth, the solubility of seed crystals is seldom explored as a potential modulating factor for the tuning of zeolite properties. Herein, NH4F etching was used as a “chemical scissors” for the cutting of existing zeolites into nanosized crystals with enhanced solubility for the subsequent synthesis pursuing for zeolites with nanosized dimensions. Exemplified by the synthesis of mordenite, the tailor-made seeds reduced the size of the synthetic products by 1.9 times and further by 8.5 times compared with the synthesis seeded by the uncut sample and without seeding, respectively. Further, the general applicability of the size tailoring strategy is illustrated by the synthesis of ZSM-5 nanosheets using the top-down prepared nanoseeds. Considering the tunability and convenience of NH4F etching in the postsynthesis engineering of zeolite particle size, it is envisaged that the successful utilization of this chemical cutting strategy will be instrumental in many systems aiming for nanosized zeolite synthesis.

High pressure and high temperature are normally required for the transformation of graphite to diamond; thus, finding a method that allows the transformation to occur under ordinary pressure will be extremely promising for diamond synthesis. Here, it is found that graphite spontaneously transforms into diamond without any pressure by adding monodispersed transition metals, and the universal rules that will help predict the role of certain elements in the phase transition were studied. The results show that the favorable transition metals possess an atomic radius of 0.136–0.160 nm and an unfilled d-orbital of d2s2–d7s2, which allow more charge transfer and accumulation at the proper position between the metal and dangling C atoms, leading to stronger metal–C bonds and a lower energy barrier for the transition. This provides a universal method to prepare diamond from graphite under ordinary pressure and also provides a way for the synthesis from sp2to sp3bonded materials.

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism, with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation. We found that fractures lead to increased sympathetic tone, enhanced osteoclast resorption, decreased osteoblast formation, and thus hastened systemic bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. However, the combined administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the β-receptor blocker propranolol dramatically promoted systemic bone formation and osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX mice. The effect of this treatment is superior to that of treatment with PTH or propranolol alone. In vitro, the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) suppressed PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization, which was rescued by propranolol. Moreover, NE decreased the PTH-induced expression of Runx2 but enhanced the expression of Rankland the effect of PTH-stimulated osteoblasts on osteoclastic differentiation, whereas these effects were reversed by propranolol. Furthermore, PTH increased the expression of the circadian clock gene Bmal1, which was inhibited by NE-βAR signaling. Bmal1knockdown blocked the rescue effect of propranolol on the NE-induced decrease in PTH-stimulated osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that propranolol enhances the anabolic effect of PTH in preventing systemic bone loss following osteoporotic fracture by blocking the negative effects of sympathetic signaling on PTH anabolism.

Mesoporous high-silica zeolite Y with advantages of improved accessibility of acid sites and mass transport properties is highly desired catalytic materials for oil refinery, fine chemistry and emerging biorefinery. Here, we report the direct synthesis of mesoporous high-silica zeolite Y (named MSY, SiO2/Al2O3≥ 9.8) and their excellent catalytic cracking performance. The obtained MSY materials are mesoporous single crystals with octahedral morphology, abundant mesoporosity and excellent (hydro)thermal stability. Both the acid concentration and acid strength of H-form MSY are obviously higher than those of commercial ultra-stable Y (USY), which should be attributed to the uniform Al distribution of MSY zeolite. The H-MSY displays an obviously reduced deactivation rate and improved catalytic activity in the cracking reaction of bulky 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB), as compared with its mesoporogen-free counterpart and USY. In addition, H-MSY was investigated as catalyst for the cracking of industrial heavy oil. The MSY-based catalyst (after aging at 800 oC in 100% steam for 17 h) exhibits superior conversion (7.64% increase) and gasoline yield (16.37% increase) than industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst under the investigated conditions.

With the increase of mining depth of coal seam, the impact pressure has severely restricted the coal mine safe and efficient mining, drilling pressure is a kind of through the construction of borehole in the coal seam, achieve the purpose of partial discharge, pressure relief effect is very obvious, the larger the aperture effect of pressure, the better, by comparing the 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm diameter CT detection construction surrounding rock displacement change. Compare the pressure relief effect of 150 mm drilling and 300 mm drilling.

ZSM-48 was first discovered as an impurity phase in the synthesis of ZSM-39. ZSM-48 has a framework based on a ferrierite sheet with non-interpenetrating linear 10-ring channels, the dimensions of which are 5.3 × 5.6 Å. ZSM-48 has received extensive attention due to its unique framework structure. In this review, we summarize the synthesis and catalytic performances of ZSM-48 zeolites. In zeolite synthesis, organic cations play a very important role as structure-directing agents or as stabilizing pore fillers. The templating agents for the synthesis of ZSM-48 mainly include tetramethylammonium ions, diamines and hexamethonium ions. Other novel template agents have also been designed to synthesize ZSM-48. Nonaqueous systems and the seed-assisted method are introduced for the synthesis of ZSM-48. EU-1/ZSM-48 co-crystalline zeolites as an interesting zeolite have been synthesized. ZSM-48 also shows excellent performance in shape-selective catalytic reactions because ZSM-48 possesses a unique pore structure. ZSM-48 is mainly applied in cracking, shape-selective, methanol-to-hydrocarbon and hydroisomerization reactions. ZSM-48 showed excellent catalytic performance, especially in hydroisomerization. The hydroisomerization performance of ZSM-48 is further improved through alkali treatment, physical mixing and co-crystalline zeolite formation. The summarized studies reveal the excellent potential for the design and preparation of ZSM-48 with excellent catalytic performance, especially in hydroisomerization reactions.

It is traditionally believed that cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits are derived from the brain itself in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Peripheral cells such as blood cells also produce Aβ. The role of peripherally produced Aβ in the pathogenesis of AD remains unknown. In this study, we established a bone marrow transplantation model to investigate the contribution of blood cell-produced Aβ to AD pathogenesis. We found that bone marrow cells (BMCs) transplanted from APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice into wild-type (Wt) mice at 3 months of age continuously expressed human Aβ in the blood, and caused AD phenotypes including Aβ plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits in the Wt recipient mice at 12 months after transplantation. Bone marrow reconstitution in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice with Wt-BMCs at 3 months of age reduced blood Aβ levels, and alleviated brain Aβ burden, neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits in the AD model mice at 12 months after transplantation. Our study demonstrated that blood cell-produced Aβ plays a significant role in AD pathogenesis, and the elimination of peripheral production of Aβ can decrease brain Aβ deposition and represents a novel therapeutic approach for AD.

Seed-assisted low alkalinity gel system was developed to explore the organic-free synthesis of MOR zeolite. MOR nanoassemblies with Si/Al ratio (SAR) up to 9.4 and high solid yield (84–94%) were successfully obtained under controlled low alkalinity conditions. Characterization results demonstrate that the acid strength increases in parallel with the SAR, while the total acid amount and the proton distribution in the main channels and the side pockets are similar for the samples. The proton distribution in the H-MOR is not straightforwardly related to the Na+distribution in the as-synthesized MOR, implying the transfer of the protons among the oxygen sites of framework T atom. Relative to low-silica samples I-5.3 and I-7.4, sample I-9.4 displays the best mass transfer performance and accessibility of the acid sites by pyridine due to its relatively low Al density and mild dealumination degree. Correspondingly, sample I-9.4 (pyridine-modified catalyst) shows the best activity with ca.100% selectivity of methyl acetate (MAc) in the DME carbonylation reaction. The high steady MAc yield (6.8 mmol/g/h) over sample I-9.4 suggests the promising application of MOR nanoassemblies synthesized by this economical organic-free strategy

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and its clearance from the brain is impaired in sporadic AD. Previous studies suggest that approximately half of the Aβ produced in the brain is cleared by transport into the periphery. However, the mechanism and pathophysiological significance of peripheral Aβ clearance remain largely unknown. The kidney is thought to be responsible for Aβ clearance, but direct evidence is lacking. In this study, we investigated the impact of unilateral nephrectomy on the dynamic changes in Aβ in the blood and brain in both humans and animals and on behavioural deficits and AD pathologies in animals. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of the diuretic furosemide on Aβ clearance via the kidney were assessed. We detected Aβ in the kidneys and urine of both humans and animals and found that the Aβ level in the blood of the renal artery was higher than that in the blood of the renal vein. Unilateral nephrectomy increased brain Aβ deposition; aggravated AD pathologies, including Tau hyperphosphorylation, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss; and aggravated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, chronic furosemide treatment reduced blood and brain Aβ levels and attenuated AD pathologies and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings demonstrate that the kidney physiologically clears Aβ from the blood, suggesting that facilitation of Aβ clearance via the kidney represents a novel potential therapeutic approach for AD.

Natural gas hydrate, oil and gas were all found together in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area, northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. They are closely associated with each other in space, but whether they are in any genetic relations are unknown yet. In this paper, a hydrocarbon gas-generation series, gas-fluid migration series and hydrocarbon gas-accumulation series are analyzed to probe the spatial, temporal and genetic relationships among natural natural gas hydrate, oil and gas. The subsequent results show that natural gas hydrate, oil and gas actually form a natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system. Based on the Middle Jurassic and the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon gas-generation series, it is divided into four major sub-systems in the study area: (1) A conventional Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system with peak hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (2) a conventional Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system with low to mature hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (3) a natural gas hydrate sub-system with main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system and minor gas source from the Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system as well as little gas source from the Middle Jurassic coal-bed gas and the microbial gas; (4) a shallower gas sub-system with microbial alteration of the main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system. This natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system and its sub-systems are not only theoretical but also practical, and thus they will play an important role in the further exploration of natural gas hydrate, oil and gas, even other energy resources in the study area.

We theoretically investigate the band structure of the parity-time (PT)-symmetric non-Hermitian bilayer honeycomb photonic lattice by considering the co-existence of onsite energy detuning and PT-symmetric imaginary potentials. It is found that PT symmetry causes the system’s energy spectra to display salient features, which include various energy-band degeneracies and deformation of the band structure in the vicinity of the Dirac point. Also, the PT-symmetry breaking can be modulated by introducing strain to the system. The findings in this work can help in understanding the band structures of PT-symmetric bilayer honeycomb photonic-lattice systems.

Stable planar hypercoordinate motifs have been recently demonstrated in two-dimensional (2D) confinement systems, while perfectly planar hypercoordinate motifs in 2D carbon–transition metal systems are rarely reported. Here, by using comprehensive ab initiocomputations, we discover two new iron monocarbide (FeC) binary sheets stabilized at 2D confined space, labeled as tetragonal-FeC (t-FeC) and orthorhombic-FeC (o-FeC), which are energetically more favorable compared with the previously reported square and honeycomb lattices. The proposed t-FeC is the global minimum configuration in the 2D space, and each carbon atom is four-coordinated with four ambient iron atoms, considered as the quasi-planar tetragonal lattice. Strikingly, the o-FeC monolayer is an orthorhombic phase with a perfectly planar pentacoordinate carbon moiety and a planar seven-coordinate iron moiety. These monolayers are the first example of a simultaneously pentacoordinate carbon and planar seven-coordinate Fe-containing material. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations confirm that all these monolayers have significantly dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stabilities. Among these two monolayers, the t-FeC monolayer shows a higher theoretical capacity (395 mAh g–1) and can stably adsorb Li up to t-FeCLi4(1579 mAh g–1). The low migration energy barrier is predicted as small as 0.26 eV for Li, which results in the fast diffusion of Li atoms on this monolayer, making it a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery material.

For the problem of vehicle driving state and parameters estimation in the process of vehicle driving, the vehicle state and parameters estimation algorithms are studied based on the triple cubature Kalman filter. The nonlinear three degrees of freedom model with Dugoff tyre model is established. The vehicle driving state estimator, road adhesion coefficient estimator and vehicle parameters estimator are designed based on the theory of triple cubature Kalman filter. To estimate the driving state and parameters accurately, the three estimators connect to each other in the process of the estimation and form a closed-loop feedback in real time. The estimation algorithms are verified based on the driving simulator. The serpentine docking road conditions with changing speed are selected to verify the estimation algorithms based on the driving simulator in-loop simulation test. The experiments' results show that the vehicle driving state and parameters are estimated accurately by the estimation algorithms.

•The edge passivation of AlN/SiC nanoribbons was performed using different atoms. (Cl, F, H, O)•After edge passivation with different atoms, four transition metal atoms (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) were used to regulate the properties.•The use of Cl and F atoms for edge passivation is more conducive to regulating its properties.•Magnetic properties can be directly induced by edge passivation using O atoms.