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la psoriasis es una enfermedad autoinmune sistémica que afecta la piel y puede estar vinculada a varias enfermedades. La psoriasis puede afectar a las uñas, articulaciones y mucosas. Varios estudios emergentes han mostrado la presencia de alteraciones en la mucosa oral, sin embargo, la mayoría se han enfocado en la enfermedad lingual.

Psoriasis and periodontitis are immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Epidemiologic evidence has linked both; however, the change of markers in gingival crevicular fluid has been poorly evaluated.

Cronobacteris a bacterial genus that includes seven species, and the species Cronobacter sakazakiiis most related to meningitis and septicemia in infants associated with powdered infant formula (PIF). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of C. sakazakiiand to determine the microbiological quality of PIF for infant consumption. To do this, a total of 128 PIF samples were analyzed in four brands and countries (Chile, Mexico, Holland, and Brazil), considering three types of PIF: premature (PIF1), infant (PIF2), and follow-up (PIF3). Aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae(ENT) were assessed in accordance with Chilean official standards. The outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene was amplified to detect Cronobacterspp. and the fusAgene was amplified to identify C. sakazakiiby using the PubMLST Web site and BLAST (NCBI). The antibiotic resistance profile was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The pathogen was quantified by the most probable number (MPN). The results showed that APC median values for PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 3.2, 4.9, and 4.8 log CFU g−1, respectively. The APC were higher in PIF2 (P< 0.01) from Holland (P< 0.01) in the commercial brand 4 (P< 0.01). The ENT median values in PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.7 log CFU g−1, respectively. Five strains of C. sakazakiiand one strain of Cronobacter malonaticuswere identified as having values between 0.023 and 2.3 MPN/g. All strains (100%) harbored the ompA,plasminogen activator (cpa), and hemolysin (hly) virulence genes. To conclude, C. sakazakiiwas found in four PIF samples from four Chilean products and one from Mexico, which is distributed throughout America. C. sakazakiistrains exhibit virulence factors and resistance to ampicillin, thus posing a risk when PIFs are consumed by infants.

Encapsulation of Porphyromonas gingivalishas been demonstrated as responsible of several host immunological changes, which have been associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Using a murine model of periodontitis and two isogenic non‐capsulated mutants of P. gingivalis, this study aimed to analyze whether P. gingivalisencapsulation induces more severe alveolar bone resorption, and whether this bone loss is associated with a T‐helper (Th)1 and Th17‐pattern of immune response. Experimental periodontal infections were generated by oral inoculation with the encapsulated W50 wild‐type strain or isogenic non‐encapsulated ΔPG0116‐PG0120 (GPA) and ΔPG0109‐PG0118 (GPC) mutants of P. gingivalis. Periodontal infections induced with the encapsulated HG184 or non‐encapsulated ATCC 33277 strains of P. gingivaliswere used as controls. Alveolar bone resorption was analyzed using microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. The expression levels of Th1, Th2, Th17, or T regulatory‐associated cytokines and RANKL, as well as the periodontal bacterial load, were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The detection of Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry. In the periodontal lesions, both capsular‐defective knockout mutant strains of P. gingivalisinduced less alveolar bone resorption than the encapsulated W50 wild‐type strain. This decreased bone loss was associated with a dismissed RANKL expression, decreased Th1‐ and Th17‐type of cytokine expression, reduced Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte detection, and low osteoclast finding. These data demonstrate that encapsulation of P. gingivalisplays a key role in the alveolar bone resorption induced during periodontitis, and this bone loss is associated with a Th1‐ and Th17‐pattern of immune response triggered in the periodontal lesions.

Introducción

Analizar si los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) presentan diferencias clínicas y de manejo terapéutico en urgencias cuando desarrollan un episodio de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) y analizar la mortalidad durante dicha descompensación.

Background:

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of city branding in five European capitals – London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, and Madrid – using a measurement model to link brand equity to its antecedents and consequences. The measurement model and structural model are estimated through partial least squares. An index, designated the City Branding Index (CBI), is developed to quantify and compare the brand equity of the five European capitals selected. The findings show that the brand equity of the European capitals consists of the awareness and perceived quality of a city as a destination and the influence of attitude on the brand and brand image. The CBI reveals the existence of gaps among the five capitals in the four dimensions that compose brand equity. Because city branding is a useful tool for the capitals to gain competitive advantages, the results could allow city managing bodies and firms from the sector to evaluate each city's competitive position with regard to its competitors and to design strategies for each European capital.

Prevenir las hospitalizaciones en los trastornos psicóticos es un objetivo importante, por eso los antipsicóticos de larga duración son una buena opción debido a que aseguran un mayor control de la adherencia. Por otra parte, en el actual contexto económico, los estudios farmacoeconómicos son necesarios. Nosotros hemos estimado el efecto del palmitato de paliperidona de larga duración (PP-LAI) en la prevención y hemos calculado el coste económico en los 12 meses que preceden al inicio del tratamiento con PP-LAI y los 12 meses posteriores.

La recuperación del crecimiento de los niños prematuros se presenta en los primeros meses de vida y se termina en la adolescencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el crecimiento y desarrollo de una cohorte de adolescentes nacidos prematuros (1995-1996), en las ciudades de Chillán y San Carlos, Región del Biobío, Chile.

la rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta predominantemente a la piel de las mujeres sobre los 30 años. Su importancia radica en que puede conducir a alteraciones en la mucosa ocular, degeneraciones en el aspecto psicosocial de la persona que la padece, entre otras alteraciones. La rosácea modifica los niveles de metaloproteinasas de la matriz en el fluido crevicular gingival, sugiriendo que la rosácea puede causar cambios orales. Hasta la fecha, la presencia de lesiones en la mucosa oral no ha sido investigada.

Introducción:La rosácea es una dermatosis crónica que se asocia con diversas enfermedades inmunoinflamatorias. La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que compromete los tejidos de soporte dental y que se vincula con la psoriasis y la dermatitis atópica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la asociación entre rosácea y periodontitis.

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Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for measuring parasitemias in murine malaria models used to test new antimalarials. Measurement of the emission of the nonpermeable nucleic acid dye YOYO1 at 530 and 585 nm after excitation at 488 nm allowed the unambiguous detection of low parasitemias ≥0.01 but required prolonged fixation and permeabilization of the sample. Thus, we tested whether this issue could be overcome by use of the cellpermeant dye SYTO16 with this same bidimensional method. Blood samples from CD1 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium vinckei, or Plasmodium chabaudior from NODscidβ2mengrafted with human erythrocytes and infected with P. falciparumwere stained with SYTO16 in the presence or absence of TER119 mAb for engrafted mice in 96well plate format and acquired in Trucount™ tubes. Bidimensional analysis with SYTO16 was quantitatively equivalent to YOYO1. Moreover, by combining SYTO16 with the use of TER119PE antimouse erythrocyte mAb and Trucount tubes, the measurement of the concentration of P. falciparuminfected erythrocytes over a range of five orders of magnitude was achieved. Bidimensional analysis using SYTO16 can be used to accurately measure the concentration of Plasmodiumspp.infected erythrocytes in mice without complex sample preparation. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

Mutations in the FGFR2 gene are present in several syndromes with craniosynostosis, such as Pfeiffer's, Apert's, and Crouzon's.We report a case of craniosynostosis (Crouzon phenotype) with tracheal anomalies and a sacrococcygeal tail. In addition, the patient shows dolichoplagiocephaly, prominent occiput, proptosis, mild facial asymmetry, strabismus, small umbilical hernia, and syndactyly of the second and third toes.Molecular analysis of the FGFR2 gene in this patient revealed a 12‐bp insertion (GAGGAGACCTAG) at nucleotide 824. This is an in‐frame mutation that adds four amino acid residues to the immunoglobulin IIIa (IgIIIa) domain of the putative protein. This is the first report of an in‐frame insertion in exon 8 of FGFR2 in a child with Crouzon's syndrome, tracheal anomalies, and a tail. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.