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Pollen is a food source for adult Chrysoperla externa(Hagen), whose larvae are biocontrol agents against pests. However, adults may face challenges in foraging for pollen due to differences in pollen accessibility and variability in pollen morphology and chemistry. In the laboratory, we investigated the ability of adult C. externato consume pollen from flowers of Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, Flemingia macrophylla, Avena strigosa, Pennisetum glaucum, Sorghum bicolor, and Zea mays, and we explored whether adults chose any of these pollens based on their quantitative and qualitative features. Cajanus cajanand F. macrophyllapollen were the only ones not consumed by adults when confined to flowers. Pollen removed from the preanthesis buds was offered simultaneously for 24 and 48 h. In both periods, adults consumed more of the medium-sized P. glaucum(with the second largest exine thickness) and large-sized Z. mays(with the thinnest exine) pollen, even though they had significantly less crude protein than Fabaceae pollen, whose sizes varied from medium (C. juncea, with the thickest exine) to large (C. ensiformis, whose exine thickness was equal to that of P. glaucum). Overall, adults consumed more Poaceae pollen than Fabaceae pollen, but the palynological features and the protein contents did not affect this choice. Our results highlighted that C. juncea, P. glaucum, S. bicolorand Z. maysare good pollen sources for adult C. externaand should be considered promising candidates in the selection of insectary plants to deploy in biocontrol programs aimed at the conservation of this lacewing.

Background: This is a retrospective cohortof patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) with positive findings for filling defects. We comparatively assessed differences in complication risks for patients that had their cholangiography catheter maintained in its transcystic duct (TCD) position postoperatively. This is a practice proposed to overcome the limited availability of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as well as to avoid surgical exploration of the common bile duct. Methods: Retrospective medical record review of all positive IOC from January 2015 to December 2018 were assessed. Patients’ demographic and perioperative data from the hospital stay period in which the cholecystectomy occurred until the last surgical ambulatory visit for perioperative characteristics were compared between groups (with vs. without TCD catheter). Complications were operationalized using the Clavien-Dindo scale. Results: Univariate analysis of complications showed a 2.4-fold risk increase in complications (95% CI 1.13–5.1) between comparison groups. Number of ERCPs (18 vs. 30), and MRCPs (5 vs. 17) were not significantly different between maintaining or not the TCD catheter postop, respectively. Stratified analysis followed by exact logistic regression supported the findings that maintaining the TCD catheter postoperatively increased complication rates (OR = 5.34, 95% CI 1.22, 29.83, p= 0.022), adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusion: The maintenance of the TCD catheter postoperatively did not prove to be effective in significantly reducing the number of ERCP nor associated complications. Also, outcomes inherited from the practice caused adverse events that surpassed its potential benefits. Moreover, expectant follow-up is reasonable for patients with evidence of common bile duct stones, even in setting with limited resource availability. We do not recommend this practice, even in settings where there are limited resources of more modern management of choledocholithiasis.

Le glissement du barrage de Mirgenbach qui s’est produit en 1982 est un cas d’étude suffisamment documenté pour être utilisé comme cas de validation de toute analyse numérique de la construction d’un barrage en argile. L’objectif d’une telle validation est de justifier que la méthodologie d’analyse est capable de prédire la rupture de cet ouvrage. Un tel exercice de validation est présenté avec le logiciel d’EDF, Code_Aster (Code_Aster, 2001) et le modèle de comportement quasi-saturé proposé par Boutonnier. L’ANR a financé le projet Terredurable pour développer un cadre d’analyse des sols fins afin d’approfondir et améliorer leur mise en place. Les développements de ce projet s’appuient sur ce modèle quasi-saturé prenant en compte l’air occlus après compactage, dont le domaine d’application est le côté humide de la courbe Proctor (Boutonnier et al., 2015), qui correspond exactement à la pratique de la construction des digues et des barrages. La qualification du logiciel Code_Aster s’est donc inspirée de ce modèle pour justifier la modélisation de la construction des barrages en terre. Cette communication rapporte les principes principaux du modèle quasi-saturé, détaille les hypothèses de modélisation, analyse les résultats et discute leur représentativité.

To assess the outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

The main source of proteins for adult Chrysoperla externa(Hagen) is pollen, the content of which varies among species and may have different effects on the adult biology. In the laboratory, we evaluated the suitability of pollens from Canavalia ensiformis(JB), Crotalaria juncea(SH) (both Fabaceae), Pennisetum glaucum(MI), Sorghum bicolor(SO), and Zea mays(CO) (all Poaceae), alone or as mixtures of pollen from one species of each family, for the performance of adult C. externa; these diets were compared to brewer’s yeast + honey (standard diet), 50% honey solution and water alone. Excluding water, the diets were supplemented with an extra honey solution (EHS). The protein content was used as a measure of diet quality, although the carbon and mineral contents were also evaluated. The diets combined with EHS significantly improved adult longevity. All the pollen diets promoted egg production. The CO-alone, SO-alone, JB-alone, SH-alone, SO + JB, CO + SH, MI + SH and SO + SH mixtures resulted in reproduction rates similar to those observed with the standard diet, indicating their suitability for C. externa.In contrast, the effects of MI-alone, MI + JB and CO + JB on reproduction were significantly worse than those of the standard diet. In terms of nutritional value, SH was the pollen enriched in protein, CO, MI and SO were protein-poor pollens, and the JB and dipollen mixtures presented intermediate levels. In conclusion, in contrast to our expectations, a mixture of Fabaceae and Poaceae pollens generally is not nutritionally superior to each pollen alone for improving the performance of adult C. externa.

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