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13 results on '"Ferreira, Joice"'

1. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author

Cooper, Declan L. M., Lewis, Simon L., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Prado, Paulo I., ter Steege, Hans, Barbier, Nicolas, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, de Aguiar, Daniel P. P., Ahuite Reategui, Manuel Augusto, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Albuquerque, Bianca Weiss, de Almeida Matos, Francisca Dionízia, Alonso, Alfonso, Amani, Christian A., do Amaral, Dário Dantas, do Amaral, Iêda Leão, Andrade, Ana, de Andrade Miranda, Ires Paula, Angoboy, Ilondea B., Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arboleda, Nicolás Castaño, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter, Aymard C, Gerardo A., Baider, Cláudia, Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael Philippe Bessike, Balslev, Henrik, Banin, Lindsay F., Bánki, Olaf S., Baraloto, Chris, Barbosa, Edelcilio Marques, Barbosa, Flávia Rodrigues, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Beeckman, Hans, Begne, Serge, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bonyoma, Bernard, Boundja, Patrick, Bourland, Nils, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, Brambach, Fabian, Brienen, Roel, Burslem, David F. R. P., Camargo, José Luís, Campelo, Wegliane, Cano, Angela, Cárdenas, Sasha, Cárdenas López, Dairon, de Sá Carpanedo, Rainiellen, Carrero Márquez, Yrma Andreina, Carvalho, Fernanda Antunes, Casas, Luisa Fernanda, Castellanos, Hernán, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerón, Carlos, Chapman, Colin A., Chave, Jerome, Chhang, Phourin, Chutipong, Wanlop, Chuyong, George B., Cintra, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat, Clark, Connie J., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Comiskey, James A., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Correa, Diego F., Costa, Flávia R. C., Costa, Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa, Couteron, Pierre, Culmsee, Heike, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dallmeier, Francisco, Damasco, Gabriel, Dauby, Gilles, Dávila, Nállarett, Dávila Doza, Hilda Paulette, De Alban, Jose Don T., de Assis, Rafael L., De Canniere, Charles, De Haulleville, Thales, de Jesus Veiga Carim, Marcelo, Demarchi, Layon O., Dexter, Kyle G., Di Fiore, Anthony, Din, Hazimah Haji Mohammad, Disney, Mathias I., Djiofack, Brice Yannick, Djuikouo, Marie-Noël K., Do, Tran Van, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Draper, Freddie C., Droissart, Vincent, Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Engel, Julien, Estienne, Vittoria, Farfan-Rios, William, Fauset, Sophie, Feeley, Kenneth J., Feitosa, Yuri Oliveira, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Cid, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fletcher, Christine D., Flores, Bernardo Monteiro, Fofanah, Alusine, Foli, Ernest G., Fonty, Émile, Fredriksson, Gabriella M., Fuentes, Alfredo, Galbraith, David, Gallardo Gonzales, George Pepe, Garcia-Cabrera, Karina, García-Villacorta, Roosevelt, Gomes, Vitor H. F., Gómez, Ricardo Zárate, Gonzales, Therany, Gribel, Rogerio, Guedes, Marcelino Carneiro, Guevara, Juan Ernesto, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S., Hamer, Keith C., Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hart, Terese B., Hector, Andy, Henkel, Terry W., Herbohn, John, Hockemba, Mireille B. N., Hoffman, Bruce, Holmgren, Milena, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hubau, Wannes, Imai, Nobuo, Irume, Mariana Victória, Jansen, Patrick A., Jeffery, Kathryn J., Jimenez, Eliana M., Jucker, Tommaso, Junqueira, André Braga, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kasongo Yakusu, Emmanuel, Katembo, John M., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Khaing, Thiri Toe, Killeen, Timothy J., Kitayama, Kanehiro, Klitgaard, Bente, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G. W., Laurance, William F., Laurent, Félix, Le, Tinh Cong, Le, Trai Trong, Leal, Miguel E., Leão de Moraes Novo, Evlyn Márcia, Levesley, Aurora, Libalah, Moses B., Licona, Juan Carlos, Lima Filho, Diógenes de Andrade, Lindsell, Jeremy A., Lopes, Aline, Lopes, Maria Aparecida, Lovett, Jon C., Lowe, Richard, Lozada, José Rafael, Lu, Xinghui, Luambua, Nestor K., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Maas, Paul, Magalhães, José Leonardo Lima, Magnusson, William E., Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maniguaje Rincón, Lorena, Mansor, Asyraf, Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R, Martins, Maria Pires, Mbayu, Faustin M., de Medeiros, Marcelo Brilhante, Mesones, Italo, Metali, Faizah, Mihindou, Vianet, Millet, Jerome, Milliken, William, Mogollón, Hugo F., Molino, Jean-François, Mohd. Said, Mohd. Nizam, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Montero, Juan Carlos, Moore, Sam, Mostacedo, Bonifacio, Mozombite Pinto, Linder Felipe, Mukul, Sharif Ahmed, Munishi, Pantaleo K. T., Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nascimento, Henrique Eduardo Mendonça, Nascimento, Marcelo Trindade, Neill, David, Nilus, Reuben, Noronha, Janaína Costa, Nsenga, Laurent, Núñez Vargas, Percy, Ojo, Lucas, Oliveira, Alexandre A., de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Palacios Cuenca, Walter, Pansini, Susamar, Pansonato, Marcelo Petratti, Paredes, Marcos Ríos, Paudel, Ekananda, Pauletto, Daniela, Pearson, Richard G., Pena, José Luis Marcelo, Pennington, R. Toby, Peres, Carlos A., Permana, Andrea, Petronelli, Pascal, Peñuela Mora, Maria Cristina, Phillips, Juan Fernando, Phillips, Oliver L., Pickavance, Georgia, Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Popelier, Andreas, Poulsen, John R., Prieto, Adriana, Primack, Richard B., Priyadi, Hari, Qie, Lan, Quaresma, Adriano Costa, de Queiroz, Helder Lima, Ramirez-Angulo, Hirma, Ramos, José Ferreira, Reis, Neidiane Farias Costa, Reitsma, Jan, Revilla, Juan David Cardenas, Riutta, Terhi, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Robiansyah, Iyan, Rocha, Maira, Rodrigues, Domingos de Jesus, Rodriguez-Ronderos, M. Elizabeth, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes H., Rudas, Agustín, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sabatier, Daniel, Sagang, Le Bienfaiteur, Sampaio, Adeilza Felipe, Samsoedin, Ismayadi, Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schietti, Juliana, Schöngart, Jochen, Scudeller, Veridiana Vizoni, Seuaturien, Naret, Sheil, Douglas, Sierra, Rodrigo, Silman, Miles R., Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire, da Silva Guimarães, José Renan, Simo-Droissart, Murielle, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni, Sist, Plinio, Sousa, Thaiane R., de Sousa Farias, Emanuelle, de Souza Coelho, Luiz, Spracklen, Dominick V., Stas, Suzanne M., Steinmetz, Robert, Stevenson, Pablo R., Stropp, Juliana, Sukri, Rahayu S., Sunderland, Terry C. H., Suzuki, Eizi, Swaine, Michael D., Tang, Jianwei, Taplin, James, Taylor, David M., Tello, J. Sebastián, Terborgh, John, Texier, Nicolas, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Thomas, Raquel, Thomas, Sean C., Tirado, Milton, Toirambe, Benjamin, de Toledo, José Julio, Tomlinson, Kyle W., Torres-Lezama, Armando, Tran, Hieu Dang, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Tumaneng, Roven D., Umaña, Maria Natalia, Umunay, Peter M., Urrego Giraldo, Ligia Estela, Valderrama Sandoval, Elvis H., Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, Van Andel, Tinde R., van de Bult, Martin, van de Pol, Jaqueline, van der Heijden, Geertje, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Vela, César I. A., Venticinque, Eduardo Martins, Verbeeck, Hans, Veridiano, Rizza Karen A., Vicentini, Alberto, Vieira, Ima Célia Guimarães, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Villarroel, Daniel, Villa Zegarra, Boris Eduardo, Vleminckx, Jason, von Hildebrand, Patricio, Vos, Vincent Antoine, Vriesendorp, Corine, Webb, Edward L., White, Lee J. T., Wich, Serge, Wittmann, Florian, Zagt, Roderick, Zang, Runguo, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Zemagho, Lise, Zent, Egleé L., and Zent, Stanford

Abstract

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1–6in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.

Published
2024
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2. Novel temperatures are already widespread beneath the world’s tropical forest canopies

Author

Trew, Brittany T., Edwards, David P., Lees, Alexander C., Klinges, David H., Early, Regan, Svátek, Martin, Plichta, Roman, Matula, Radim, Okello, Joseph, Niessner, Armin, Barthel, Matti, Six, Johan, Maeda, Eduardo E., Barlow, Jos, do Nascimento, Rodrigo Oliveria, Berenguer, Erika, Ferreira, Joice, Sallo-Bravo, Jhonatan, and Maclean, Ilya M. D.

Abstract

Tropical forest biodiversity is potentially at high risk from climate change, but most species reside within or below the canopy, where they are buffered from extreme temperatures. Here, by modelling the hourly below-canopy climate conditions of 300,000 tropical forest locations globally between 1990 and 2019, we show that recent small increases in below-canopy temperature (<1 °C) have led to highly novel temperature regimes across most of the tropics. This is the case even within contiguous forest, suggesting that tropical forests are sensitive to climate change. However, across the globe, some forest areas have experienced relatively non-novel temperature regimes and thus serve as important climate refugia that require urgent protection and restoration. This pantropical analysis of changes in below-canopy climatic conditions challenges the prevailing notion that tropical forest canopies reduce the severity of climate change impacts.

Published
2024
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3. Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly

Author

Bennett, Amy C., Rodrigues de Sousa, Thaiane, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Morandi, Paulo S., Coelho de Souza, Fernanda, Castro, Wendeson, Duque, Luisa Fernanda, Flores Llampazo, Gerardo, Manoel dos Santos, Rubens, Ramos, Eliana, Vilanova Torre, Emilio, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Baker, Timothy R., Costa, Flávia R. C., Lewis, Simon L., Marimon, Beatriz S., Schietti, Juliana, Burban, Benoît, Berenguer, Erika, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Restrepo Correa, Zorayda, Lopez, Wilmar, Delgado Santana, Flávia, Viscarra, Laura Jessica, Elias, Fernando, Vasquez Martinez, Rodolfo, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Galbraith, David, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Emilio, Thaise, Prestes, Nayane C. C. S., Barlow, Jos, Alencar Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Aparecida Vieira, Simone, Andrade Maia, Vinícius, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Arets, Eric J. M. M., Arroyo, Luzmila, Bánki, Olaf, Baraloto, Christopher, Barbosa Camargo, Plínio, Barroso, Jorcely, Bento da Silva, Wilder, Bonal, Damien, Borges Miranda Santos, Alisson, Brienen, Roel J. W., Brown, Foster, Castilho, Carolina V., Cerruto Ribeiro, Sabina, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chavez, Ezequiel, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Dávila Cardozo, Nállarett, de Aguiar-Campos, Natália, de Oliveira Melo, Lia, del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Disney, Mathias, do Socorro, Maria, Dourdain, Aurélie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Joice, Forni Martins, Valeria, Gardner, Toby, Gloor, Emanuel, Gutierrez Sibauty, Gloria, Guillen, René, Hase, Eduardo, Hérault, Bruno, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Huaraca Huasco, Walter, Janovec, John P., Jimenez-Rojas, Eliana, Joly, Carlos, Kalamandeen, Michelle, Killeen, Timothy J., Lais Farrapo, Camila, Levesley, Aurora, Lizon Romano, Leon, Lopez Gonzalez, Gabriela, Maës dos Santos, Flavio Antonio, Magnusson, William E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Matias de Almeida Reis, Simone, Melgaço, Karina, Melo Cruz, Omar A., Mendoza Polo, Irina, Montañez, Tatiana, Morel, Jean Daniel, Núñez Vargas, M Percy, Oliveira de Araújo, Raimunda, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Parada Gutierrez, Alexander, Pennington, Toby, Pickavance, Georgia C., Pipoly, John, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Quesada, Carlos, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Ramírez‐Angulo, Hirma, Flora Ramos, Rafael, Richardson, James E., Rodrigo de Souza, Cléber, Roopsind, Anand, Schwartz, Gustavo, Silva, Richarlly C., Silva Espejo, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Soto Shareva, Yhan, Steininger, Marc, Stropp, Juliana, Talbot, Joey, ter Steege, Hans, Terborgh, John, Thomas, Raquel, Valenzuela Gamarra, Luis, van der Heijden, Geertje, van der Hout, Peter, Zagt, Roderick, and Phillips, Oliver L.

Abstract

The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015–2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (−0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C ha−1per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015–2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.

Published
2023
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4. Natural recovery of plant species diversity in secondary forests in Eastern Amazonia: contributions to passive forest restoration

Author

Barros, Tássia Cristina, Elias, Fernando, Romano, Leon Lizon, and Ferreira, Joice

Abstract

Natural regeneration is important in the context of the strategies to recover native vegetation in Brazil and of the international commitments of forest restoration undertaken by the country. However, trajectories of recovery can be highly variable and context-dependent, demanding studies to foster the use of secondary forests in restoration. Here, we describe the natural recovery of plant diversity in a chronosequence (5–21 years old) and how it is influenced by age of the regenerating forests. For this, we sampled the floristic composition and structure in 20 fragments of secondary forest in Southeast Pará in 2014 and 2015. Transects of either 10 × 250 m or 20 × 125 m (0.25 ha) were delimited in each forest fragment, and subdivided into 25 subplots of 10 × 10 m, where plants of the upper stratum (DBH ≥ 10 cm) were sampled. The lower stratum (DBH < 10 cm) was sampled in five 5 × 20 m subplots that were nested in the 0.25-ha transects. We recorded 5509 individuals of 282 species and 61 families in the 20 transects evaluated. The species diversity recovery occured rapidly in the first few decades of ecological succession. Floristic composition of the upper stratum was correlated with forest age. Species diversity metrics were predicted by the age and basal area of secondary forests, demonstrating their importance as indicators of successional stages in secondary forests. Our results reinforce the relevance of using secondary forest in restoration programmes across the Amazonian region.

Published
2020
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5. Carbon-focused conservation may fail to protect the most biodiverse tropical forests

Author

Ferreira, Joice, Lennox, Gareth D., Gardner, Toby A., Thomson, James R., Berenguer, Erika, Lees, Alexander C., Mac Nally, Ralph, Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Ferraz, Silvio F. B., Louzada, Julio, Moura, Nárgila G., Oliveira, Victor H. F., Pardini, Renata, Solar, Ricardo R. C., Vieira, Ima C. G., and Barlow, Jos

Abstract

As one of Earth’s most carbon-dense regions, tropical forests are central to climate change mitigation efforts. Their unparalleled species richness also makes them vital for safeguarding biodiversity. However, because research has not been conducted at management-relevant scales and has often not accounted for forest disturbance, the biodiversity implications of carbon conservation strategies remain poorly understood. We investigated tropical carbon–biodiversity relationships and trade-offs along a forest-disturbance gradient, using detailed and extensive carbon and biodiversity datasets. Biodiversity was positively associated with carbon in secondary and highly disturbed primary forests. Positive carbon–biodiversity relationships dissipated at around 100 MgC ha–1, meaning that in less disturbed forests more carbon did not equal more biodiversity. Simulated carbon conservation schemes therefore failed to protect many species in the most species-rich forests. These biodiversity shortfalls were sensitive to opportunity costs and could be decreased for small carbon penalties. To ensure that the most ecologically valuable forests are protected, biodiversity needs to be incorporated into carbon conservation planning.

Published
2018
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6. The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Author

Barlow, Jos, França, Filipe, Gardner, Toby, Hicks, Christina, Lennox, Gareth, Berenguer, Erika, Castello, Leandro, Economo, Evan, Ferreira, Joice, Guénard, Benoit, Gontijo Leal, Cecília, Isaac, Victoria, Lees, Alexander, Parr, Catherine, Wilson, Shaun, Young, Paul, and Graham, Nicholas

Abstract

The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth’s biodiversity: their terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including almost all shallow-water corals and over 90% of terrestrial birds. However, tropical ecosystems are also subject to pervasive and interacting stressors, such as deforestation, overfishing and climate change, and they are set within a socio-economic context that includes growing pressure from an increasingly globalized world, larger and more affluent tropical populations, and weak governance and response capacities. Concerted local, national and international actions are urgently required to prevent a collapse of tropical biodiversity. The immense biodiversity of tropical ecosystems is threatened by multiple interacting local and global stressors that can only be addressed by the concerted efforts of grassroots organizations, researchers, national governments and the international community.

Published
2018
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7. Forest restoration to promote a fair post COVID-19 recovery in the Brazilian Amazon.

Author

Celentano, Danielle, Moraes, Miguel, Ferreira, Joice, Nahur, André, Coutinho, Bruno, Rousseau, Guillaume X., Martins, Marlucia Bonifacio, Vasconcelos, Lívia G.T. Rangel, Rodrigues, Fernanda, Freire, Rodrigo, Pinto, Andréia, and Kanashiro, Milton

Subjects
FOREST restoration, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, RESTORATION ecology, WATER security, COVID-19, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Forest restoration has attracted the attention of different organizations, investors, and donors with the launch of the UN Decade for Ecosystems Restoration (2021–2030), along with climate and biodiversity commitments. Restoration can address many of mankind's challenges, such as biodiversity loss, climate change, water security, and poverty. In the Brazilian Amazon, the ~28 million inhabitants are among the most vulnerable of the country, and this has only worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, millions of hectares are suitable for forest restoration. The growing demand for large-scale forest restoration projects have been prioritizing biophysical objectives (e.g., number of trees, hectares of land, and carbon) while it should be prioritizing the local people's well-being and a fair transition to a sustainable economy based on forest services' recovery. Nonetheless, many challenges need to be overcome to realize this potential. Amazonian states need to control illegality, enforce the existing policies and promote innovative ones to halt deforestation and enable large-scale restoration. Better governance and social engagement are urgently needed but depend upon, recognition of indigenous peoples and local communities' rights, needs, and knowledge. Forest restoration represents an opportunity for the emergence of a more inclusive development paradigm, much needed in the Amazon region, especially in the post COVID-19 world. • Forest restoration might be the key to an inclusive development paradigm and a fair COVID-19 recovery in the Amazon. • Combining ecological and socioeconomic co-benefits is imperative for the Amazon restoration. • Ignoring the social dimension of restoration may lead to the failure of restoration interventions. • Strategic investments to strengthen community organization and build local capacities are paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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8. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation

Author

Barlow, Jos, Lennox, Gareth D., Ferreira, Joice, Berenguer, Erika, Lees, Alexander C., Nally, Ralph Mac, Thomson, James R., Ferraz, Silvio Frosini de Barros, Louzada, Julio, Oliveira, Victor Hugo Fonseca, Parry, Luke, Ribeiro de Castro Solar, Ricardo, Vieira, Ima C. G., Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., Begotti, Rodrigo Anzolin, Braga, Rodrigo F., Cardoso, Thiago Moreira, de Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme, Souza Jr, Carlos M., Moura, Nárgila G., Nunes, Sâmia Serra, Siqueira, João Victor, Pardini, Renata, Silveira, Juliana M., Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., Veiga, Ruan Carlo Stulpen, Venturieri, Adriano, and Gardner, Toby A.

Abstract

Evaluation of the primary forests in the Brazilian state of Pará shows that anthropogenic disturbance can more than double the loss of biodiversity expected from deforestation.

Published
2016
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9. Amazonian forest degradation must be incorporated into the COP26 agenda

Author

Silva Junior, Celso H. L., Carvalho, Nathália S., Pessôa, Ana C. M., Reis, João B. C., Pontes-Lopes, Aline, Doblas, Juan, Heinrich, Viola, Campanharo, Wesley, Alencar, Ane, Silva, Camila, Lapola, David M., Armenteras, Dolors, Matricardi, Eraldo A. T., Berenguer, Erika, Cassol, Henrique, Numata, Izaya, House, Joanna, Ferreira, Joice, Barlow, Jos, Gatti, Luciana, Brando, Paulo, Fearnside, Philip M., Saatchi, Sassan, Silva, Sonaira, Sitch, Stephen, Aguiar, Ana P., Silva, Carlos A., Vancutsem, Christelle, Achard, Frédéric, Beuchle, René, Shimabukuro, Yosio E., Anderson, Liana O., and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.

Published
2021
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10. Comparing contemporary and lifetime rates of carbon accumulation from secondary forests in the eastern Amazon.

Author

Elias, Fernando, Ferreira, Joice, Resende, Angélica F., Berenguer, Erika, França, Filipe, Smith, Charlotte C., Schwartz, Gustavo, Nascimento, Rodrigo O., Guedes, Matheus, Chesini Rossi, Liana, Maria Moraes de Seixas, Marina, Melo da Silva, Carolina, and Barlow, Jos

Subjects
SECONDARY forests, CLIMATE change mitigation, CARBON
Abstract

• Large-scale assessment of contemporary C accumulation in Amazonian secondary forests. • Contemporary rates of C uptake can be predicted — by up to 78% — by stand age. • Secondary forest C accumulation is highly variable and lower than previous estimates. Secondary forests (SFs) growing on previously cleared land could be a low-cost climate change mitigation strategy due to their potential to sequester CO 2. However, given widespread changes in climate and land-use in the Amazon in the past 20 years, it is not clear whether current rates of carbon uptake by SFs reflect estimates based on dividing the carbon stock by the estimated age of the forest. This is important, as differences between methodological approaches could lead to important discrepancies in estimates of carbon accumulation. Furthermore, we know little about how carbon uptake rates of secondary forests vary across some of the most deforested regions of the Amazon, where reforestation actions are most needed. Here, we compare the rates of carbon accumulation estimated over the lifetime of a stand (by stand age) with the contemporary rates estimated by recensus data, based on 28 permanent SFs plots distributed across four regions. Then, we compare how carbon uptakes rates vary across regions and how they compare to previous studies. The average rates of contemporary (1.23 ± 0.57 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) and lifetime (1.14 ± 0.63 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) carbon accumulation were strongly correlated (r = 0.78) and similar between regions. Overall, our carbon accumulation rates were much lower than other estimates of Amazonian SFs, which suggests that regions with the greatest opportunities for large-scale implementation of SFs have some of the slowest rates of carbon accumulation. Contrary to predictions from chronosequence analysis, the lack of difference between lifetime and contemporary rates of carbon accumulation suggests forests are maintaining a consistent rate of growth in the first decades after abandonment. These results—combined with the high rates of ongoing environmental change - highlight the importance of continuing to monitor the rate of carbon accumulation in secondary forests. This is necessary to support the implementation and monitoring of large-scale passive restoration in the highly-deforested Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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11. Leaf-litter production in human-modified Amazonian forests following the El Niño-mediated drought and fires of 2015–2016.

Author

Oliveira de Morais, Tainá Madalena, Berenguer, Erika, Barlow, Jos, França, Filipe, Lennox, Gareth D., Malhi, Yadvinder, Chesini Rossi, Liana, Maria Moraes de Seixas, Marina, and Ferreira, Joice

Subjects
DROUGHTS, SECONDARY forests, DROUGHT management, TROPICAL forests, FOREST litter, CLIMATE extremes, CARBON cycle
Abstract

• Above 300 mm of monthly precipitation, leaf litterfall becomes independent of rainfall. • Leaf-litter production is generally insensitive to past human disturbance. • El Niño-fire-affected forests present a greater change in leaf-litter production than El Niño-drought-affected forests. Leaf-litter production is an essential part of the carbon cycle of tropical forests. In the Amazon, it is influenced by climate, presenting high levels during the driest months of the year. However, it is less established how extreme climatic events may impact leaf-litter production in the long term. Even more unclear is how litter production is affected by human-driven disturbances. Here we examine the effects of the 2015–16 El Niño drought and subsequent fires in the leaf-litter production of human-modified Amazonian forests, thus investigating the interactions of a climatic extreme with anthropogenic disturbances on this key process of the Amazonian carbon cycle. We sampled leaf litter from April 2015 until March 2019 across 20 plots located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, in a total of 11,548 samples. Plots were distributed along a pre-El Niño gradient of human disturbance, including undisturbed, logged, logged-and-burned, and secondary forests. All plots were impacted by the extreme drought caused by the 2015–16 El Niño, and eight were also impacted by understory fires. We found a significant and non-linear relationship between precipitation and monthly leaf-litter production – above 300 mm of monthly precipitation, the production of leaf-litter becomes independent of rainfall. Surprisingly, this relationship was not influenced by pre-El Niño forest disturbance class. During the El Niño, leaf-litter production was higher, decreasing sharply in the following year, especially in El Niño-fire-affected forests. Between 2017 and 2019, all forests experienced a gradual increase in the production of leaf litter. However, the mechanisms behind this increase remain unclear and are likely different between forests affected only by the El Niño drought and those affected by both the drought and fires. Our results suggest that while leaf-litter production may be insensitive to past human disturbances, it is affected, in the short term, by extreme climatic events, especially in forests impacted by El Niño fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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