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Microstructure evolution and first-principles calculations were adopted to explore alloying elements Sn and Y proportion influence on room- and elevated-temperature mechanical properties of as-cast Mg–Sn–Y alloy in the present study. The results show that the room- and elevated-temperature compression yield strength and ultimate compression strength of Mg–1Sn-yY alloy simultaneously improves with Y addition from 0.5 wt% to 2 wt%. Decreasing Sn to 0.5 wt% in Mg–1Sn–2Y alloy, Mg-0.5Sn–2Y alloy yields comparable room-temperature strength to Mg–1Sn-1.5Y alloy with similar alloying element addition. Notably, the elevated-temperature strength of Mg-0.5Sn–2Y alloy is even greater than that of counterpart Mg–1Sn-1.5Y alloy and achieves increment by ∼42 MPa at 200 °C, 48 MPa at 250 °C, and 29 MPa at 300 °C, respectively. Combined with microstructure analysis and first-principles calculations, the mechanism behind this is mainly attributed to increased Y solubility in the matrix. Sn content reduction leads to the MgSnY ternary phase (4.97%) in Mg–1Sn-1.5Y alloy being replaced by the low-content Sn3Y5phase (2.30%) so as to high Y solid solution in the Mg-0.5Sn–2Y alloy. Raised Y solubility is more favorable to decrease cohesive energy and increase bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young's modulus, which avails enhancing intrinsic cohesive strength and deformation resistance of alloy other than Sn solubility. Thus, improvement of cohesive strength and deformation resistance by Y solubility promotes Mg-0.5Sn–2Y alloy to endure high loading at elevated temperatures.

Described herein is the synthesis of 2-pyrazolines via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of allylic alcohols with hydrazines based on a Ru3(CO)12/NHC-phosphine-phosphine ligand Lcatalytic system. The reaction not only exhibits low catalyst loading (only 0.3 mol %), wide substrate scope, good to excellent yields, and high selectivity but also omits the use of sacrificial hydrogen acceptor with only H2and H2O as byproducts, making the reaction green and atom-economical.

Although extraordinary advances have been achieved by the transition-metal catalysis system, there is an urgent need to explore and develop alternative methodologies that are more environmentally friendly. Herein, we report an electrochemical chlorosulfonylation of alkenes using a wide range of sulfonyl chlorides with an inexpensive, degradable, and commercially available organoboron as a promoter. Furthermore, this protocol employs convergent paired electrolysis, reducing the need for sacrificial anodes and minimizing the extent of hydrogen evolution.

ABSTRACTUp to today, there is no effective, specific and non-invasive evaluation method to assess the endometrial receptivity. This study aimed to establish a non-invasive and effective model with the clinical indicators to evaluate endometrial receptivity. Ultrasound elastography can reflect the overall state of the endometrium. Ultrasonic elastography images from 78 hormonally prepared frozen embryo transfer (FET) patients were assessed in this study. Meanwhile, the clinical indicators reflecting endometrium in the transplantation cycle were collected. The patients were received to transfer only one high-quality blastocyst. A novel code rule that can generate a large number of 0–1 symbols was designed to collect data on different factors. At the same time, a logistic regression model of the machine learning process with an automatic combination of factors was designed for analysis. The logistic regression model was based on age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, endometrial thickness, perfusion index (PI), resistance index (RI), elastic grade, elastic ratio cutoff value, serum estradiol level and 9 other indicators. The accuracy rate of predicting pregnancy outcome of the logistic regression model was 76.92%. Elastic ultrasound can reflect the endometrial receptivity of patients in FET cycles. We established a prediction model including ultrasound elastography and the model precisely predicted the pregnancy outcome. The predictive accuracy of endometrial receptivity by the predictive model is significantly higher than that of the single clinical indicator. The prediction model by integrating the clinical indicators to evaluate endometrial receptivity may be a non-invasive and worthwhile method for evaluating endometrial receptivity.

Background With the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH) is gradually increasing, but subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly common in PLWH.Methods We obtained data from 326 PLWH. Based on the results of carotid ultrasonography, we divided patients into normal and abnormal carotid ultrasound groups and performed the χ2test and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to determine the influencing factors of abnormal carotid ultrasound.Results Among the 326 PLWH, the overall abnormality rate of carotid ultrasound was 31.9% (104/326). MCA showed that carotid ultrasound abnormalities were markedly more common in patients with age (non-youth), BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ART treatment ≥5 years, and CD4+T lymphocyte count <200/μL.Conclusion Carotid ultrasound is more likely to be abnormal when PLWH have higher age, BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, a longer course of ART, and a low CD4+T lymphocyte count.

A one-pot cascade reaction for 2,3-dihydropyridinone synthesis was accomplished with 3-fluoro-2-iodo-1-methylpyridinium triflate as the halogen bond catalyst. The desired [4+2] cycloaddition products, bearing aryl, heteroaryl, alkyl, and alicyclic substituents, were successfully furnished in 28–99% yields. Mechanistic investigations proved that a strong halogen-bonding interaction forged between the iodopyridinium catalyst and imine intermediate was essential to dynamically masking the vulnerable C–I bond on the catalyst and accelerating the following aza-Diels–Alder reaction.

Due to the requirement for wearability and the limitation of flexibility, as well as the lack of materials with both conductive, flexible, and energy storage functions, the structure of flexible supercapacitors is often presented in a two-dimensional plane form. Consequently, the thickness is limited, resulting in low capacity. In order to address this issue, a new approach has been attempted here. By utilizing 1 mm flexible carbon fiber felt as a conductive framework and mechanical support, a certain amount of acetylene black and activated carbon are filled and cured to fully leverage the characteristics of carbon fiber felt for significantly enhancing capacity while meeting performance requirements for flexible supercapacitors. The resulting flexible supercapacitor exhibits high strength, large capacity (1.5Fcm−2), good responsiveness, as well as excellent flexibility and magnification performance. Additionally, by using the thickness of carbon fiber felt to increase the thickness of the supercapacitor and changing its shape from the sheet to block accordingly allows for corresponding increases in capacitance and volume. This transformation seems to demonstrate that carbon fiber felt may serve as a framework bridging conventional supercapacitors with flexible ones while transitioning from planar structures to three-dimensional ones.

Detection of pesticide paraquat (PQ) is of considerable significance to ensure food safety, and its rapid and on-site detection is still a challenge. Aimed at the ion characteristics of PQ, an “enrichment and detection” strategy was proposed to improve the sensitivity through electrostatic attractions, and the ion characteristic of probes was adopted to increase the portability through avoiding aggregation-caused quenching effects in the paper strips. Herein, a novel anion-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) probe with a large conjugated plane and rich π-electrons ([Fluo][P66614]2) was designed as a fluorescent and colorimetric dual-channel probe to sensitively and rapidly detect trace amounts of PQ in vegetables and the environment. The proposed probe exhibited good linearity with a detection limit of 64.0 nM in the PQ concentration range of 0.3–7.0 μM (fluorometry) and 0.1 μM in that of 0.1–8.0 μM (colorimetry), respectively. In addition, it displayed a rapid fluorescence quenching response from green to dark (<5 s) and excellent anti-interference (among 23 other pesticides) due to dual effects of electrostatic attraction and π–π stacking. Most importantly, the lipophilic IL probe could be applied in real vegetables and environmental samples with a satisfying recovery rate of 98–103% and assembled into a handy paper strip that achieved the visual semiquantitative detection of PQ. This ionic probe provides a feasible approach for rapidly and conveniently detecting PQ for ensuring agricultural and food safety and opens a new avenue to detect ion-responsive analytes in real complex samples by an “enrichment and detection” strategy.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common and devastating complications of diabetic mellitus, and its prevalence is rising worldwide. Klotho, an anti-aging protein, is kidney protective in DKD. However, its large size, prohibitive cost and structural complexity hamper its potential utility in clinics. Here we report that Klotho-derived peptide 6 (KP6) mimics Klotho function and ameliorates DKD. In either an accelerated model of DKD induced by streptozotocin and advanced oxidation protein products in unilateral nephrectomized mice or db/db mice genetically prone to diabetes, chronic infusion of KP6 reversed established proteinuria, attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, mitigated podocyte damage, and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrotic lesions, but did not affect serum phosphorus and calcium levels. KP6 inhibited β-catenin activation in vivoand blocked the expression of its downstream target genes in glomerular podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. In vitro, KP6 prevented podocyte injury and inhibited β-catenin activation induced by high glucose without affecting Wnt expression. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that KP6 bound to Wnt ligands and disrupted the engagement of Wnts with low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, thereby interrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mutated KP6 with a scrambled amino acid sequence failed to bind Wnts and did not alleviate DKD in db/db mice. Thus, our studies identified KP6 as a novel Klotho-derived peptide that ameliorated DKD by blocking Wnt/β-catenin. Hence, our findings also suggest a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with DKD.

Environmental contamination by 4-chlorinephenol (4-CP) has received widespread attention due to its frequent detection and adverse environmental effects. The traditional water treatment approaches and equipment are relatively mature, making them easier to operate and maintain. However, 4-CP is particularly difficult to degrade using the technologies, often resulting in incomplete removal, secondary pollution, or high energy consumption. The present study explored the toxicity of 4-CP to Chlorella vulgarisand its removal mechanism in microalgae. The results revealed that the photosynthetic activity and the growth of C. vulgariswere inhibited at high-level 4-CP (≥ 60 mg/L) during the whole exposure period. The dry weight and Chlorophyll-a content of C. vulgarisin the 4-CP treatment at 90 mg/L were only 72.3 % and 72.1 % of the control group, respectively. The structure and function of C. vulgariswas dramatically impacted under 4-CP stress. Malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased under multiple 4-CP concentrations, rising by 217 %, 299 %, and 78 % at 90 mg/L 4-CP compared to the control. Additionally, the removal of 4-CP by C. vulgarisaligned more closely with the pseudo-first-order model than with the pseudo-second-order model. As 4-CP concentration rose from 10 to 90 mg/L, the 4-CP removal rate decreased from 86.0 % to 56.7 % and the half-life was increased from 5.419 to 7.673 d based on the pseudo-first-order kinetics of 4-CP removal by C. vulgaris. Biodegradation is the major pathway for 4-CP removal by C. vulgaris, accounting for 72.54 % of the total removal rate at 30 mg/L on the 6th day. A total of 5 metabolites were detected for 6-day cultivation, including 4-chlorocatechol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, 1,4-benzoquinone and succinic acid. This work provided an insight into the removal mechanism and biodegradation pathway of 4-CP in C. vulgaris.

Activation of canonical Wnt signaling has been implicated in podocyte injury and proteinuria. As Wnts are secreted proteins, whether Wnts derived from podocytes are obligatory for promoting proteinuria remains unknown. To address this, we generated conditional knockout mice where Wntless, a cargo receptor protein required for Wnt secretion, was specifically deleted in glomerular podocytes. Mice with podocyte-specific ablation of Wntless (Podo-Wntless-/-) were phenotypically normal. However, after inducing kidney damage with Adriamycin for six days, Podo-Wntless-/-mice developed more severe podocyte injury and albuminuria than their control littermates. Surprisingly, ablation of Wntless resulted in upregulation of β-catenin, accompanied by reduction of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, and Wilms tumor 1 proteins. In chronic injury induced by Adriamycin, increased albuminuria, aggravated podocyte lesions and extracellular matrix deposition were evident in Podo-Wntlessl-/-mice, compared to wild type mice. Mechanistically, specific ablation of Wntless in podocytes caused down-regulation of the nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) and Nemo-like kinase (NLK), key downstream mediators of non-canonical Wnt/calcium signaling. In vitro, knockdown of either NFAT1 or NLK induced β-catenin activation while overexpression of NLK significantly repressed β-catenin induction and largely preserved nephrin in glomerular podocytes. Thus, our results indicate that podocyte-derived Wnts play an important role in protecting podocytes from injury by repressing β-catenin via activating non-canonical Wnt/calcium signaling.

Nucleophilic recyclization of pyridinium salts involving a CCN interchange ring transformation for the synthesis of 2-methylnicotinonitrile derivatives was herein developed. 3-Aminocrotononitrile (3-ACN)produced in situfrom CH3CN acted as a C-nucleophile, as well as the source of CH3and CN groups, which was supported by isotope-labeling and control experiments.

Herein, the divergent transformations of 1,3-diols with arylhydrazines via acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling reactions to selectively synthesize pyrazoles and 2-pyrazolines were reported, which were based on Ru3(CO)12/NHC-phosphine-phosphine catalytic systems. The reactions featured low catalyst loading, high selectivity, wide substrate scope, and good yields, with only water and hydrogen gas (H2) as the byproducts.

A direct pyridinium C–H sulfonylimination has been developed for the synthesis of sulfonyl iminopyridine derivatives with high efficiency. This transformation features the direct and efficient formation of a C═N bond with a high functional group tolerance under metal-free conditions. The spectroscopic properties potentially enable these sulfonyl iminopyridine compounds to be useful new emitting materials.

The widespread pre-existing αAAV-Abs in humans pose a critical challenge in translation of AAV gene therapy. The IgG degrading enzyme of Streptococci (IdeS) is demonstrated to specifically cleave IgG of humans and other species (not mouse). This study developed a modified new modified IdeS protein product (IdeSop). When incubated in vitro, IdeSopwas shown to completely cleave human and rabbit IgGs within 6 h. To test IdeSopin a disease setting, we established a rabbitized αAAV9-Ab+mouse by an IV infusion of purified acute αAAV9-Ab+rabbit IgG into MPS IIIA mice, resulting in serum αAAV9-IgG at 1:6,400 and αAAV9-nAbs at 1:800. IdeSop-Ab-cleavage was shown to be dose-dependent. An IV IdeSopinfusion at the effective doses resulted in rapid IgG depletion and clearance of pre-existing αAAV9-IgG and αAAV9-nAbs in rabbitized αAAV9-Abs+MPS IIIA mice. Importantly, an IV injection of a high dose AAV9-hSGSHopvector (5 × 1013vg/kg) at 24 h post IdeSoptreatment led to transduction as effective in αAAV9-Abs+MPS IIIA mice, as in αAAV9-Abs-negative controls. We believe that transient IdeSopadministration may offer a great tool to address the pre-existing-αAAV-Abs for the translation of rAAV gene therapy to treat diseases in humans, making effective rAAV gene therapy available to all patients in need.

Three novel Ru(ii)–CNN complexes, namely, [RuH(CO)(PPh3)2(κ2-NimN)]Cl2(1), [fac-RuH(CO)(PPh3)(κ3-CNHN)]Cl (2) and [fac-RuH(CO)(PPh3)(κ3-CNMeN)]Cl (3), have been synthesized for efficient CO2hydrogenation to formate. Complex 2bearing a CNHN ligand exhibits excellent activity and a long catalytic lifetime of 400 h at 170 °C. Notably, the addition of PPh3leads to increased activity and gives a high TON of 6.5 × 105after 400 h.

Herein, the synthesis of (Z)-α,β-unsaturated nitriles by a sequential hydroformylation/Knoevenagel reaction has been first developed. A variety of crude α-olefins from Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, internal and special olefins, as well as alkynes could be transformed into value-added alkenyl nitriles (39 examples) up to 90% yield. Remarkably, compared with commonly used tedious multistep reactions, the one-pot protocol features cheap and easily available raw materials, excellent chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity, very mild reaction conditions, and easy scale-up production.

•Further expansion of antiviral treatment indications is necessary in CHB with LLV, but not “treat all”.•CHB patients with LLV have a high incidence of liver inflammation and fibrosis.•HBV DNA can be a reference for initiating antiviral therapy.

The extraction of lithium (Li) from spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) can alleviate the shortage of primary raw materials and therefore benefit environmental and economic aspects. However, current Li recovery strategies from spent industrial LIBs result in low Li recovery and purity, because Li recovery is usually conducted after the recovery of Ni, Co, and Mn. In the last few years, preferential selective Li extraction has attracted attention for tackling the shortage of Li resources. In this review, we present current advances in preferentially selective Li extraction technologies for treating spent LIB cathode materials. After introducing the reaction principles and mechanisms of the different recovery methods such as hydrometallurgical processes, combined pyro-hydrometallurgical processes, electrochemistry, mechanochemical methods, membrane separation, and deep eutectic solvent leaching, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are evaluated. Analysis of the available data revealed that the preferential recovery of Li via hydrometallurgical processes and combined pyro-hydrometallurgical processes may be the most viable methods for industrialization. This review offers insights into the environmental and economic benefits of the different preferentially selective Li extraction processes. Furthermore, it provides references for subsequent research and insights for further developments in industrial practices related to selective Li recovery from spent LIBs.

The hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and enynes offers a straightforward synthetic route to the valuable (poly)enals. However, the hydroformylation of terminal alkynes has remained a long-standing challenge. Herein, an efficient and selective Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and conjugated enynes has been achieved by using a new stable biphosphoramidite ligand with strong π-acceptor capacity, which affords various important E-(poly)enals in good yields with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity at low temperatures and low syngas pressures.

Unsymmetric Ru-CNP and Ru-CN(H)P complexes are synthesized and applied in the hydrogenation of CO2to formate for the first time. The Ru-CNP complex shows excellent stability and high activity. The TON is around 170 000 after 48 h at 200 °C, which is a relatively high record value among all the Ru complexes.

The global proteome and phosphoproteome of mouse kidney upon septic infection were profiled using high resolution mass spectrometry and label-free quantitation. Novel and less-well studied marker proteins indicative of the onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) were revealed and further validated by immunoassays. Signaling pathways associated with oxidative stress and pyroptosis were demonstrated to regulate kidney pathology. The data would serve as a great resource of biomarker discovery of sepsis and kidney disease.

The first Pd/Cu catalyzed selective C2-alkenylation of pyridines with internal alkynes has been developed via the pyridinium salt activation strategy. Importantly, the configuration of the product alkenylpyridines could be tuned by the choice of the proper N-alkyl group of the pyridinium salts, thus allowing for both the Z- and E-alkenylpyridines synthesized with good regio- and stereoselectivity. A plausible mechanism was proposed based on the Hammett study and KIE experiment.

A highly efficient and regioselective direct C–H trifluoromethylation of pyridine based on an N-methylpyridine quaternary ammonium activation strategy has been developed. A variety of trifluoromethylpyridines can be obtained in good yield and excellent regioselectivity by treating the pyridinium iodide salts with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of silver carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide. The protocol features good functional group compatibility, easily available starting materials, and operational simplicity. Controlled experiments showed that the reaction may involve a nucleophilic trifluoromethylation mechanism.

The first I2-mediated synthesis of 2-formylpyrroles from pyridinium salts is reported. This protocol enables the synthesis of diversely substituted 2-formylpyrroles in good yields under operationally simple conditions. The detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds via a novel H2O-triggered ring opening of the pyridinium salt and a subsequent intramolecularly nucleophilic addition sequence.

Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that plays a critical role in kidney fibrosis by orchestrating a fibrogenic niche. Here, we demonstrate that tenascin-C is a biomarker and a mediator of kidney fibrogenesis by impairing tubular integrity. Tenascin-C was found to be increased in kidney biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In a cohort of 225 patients with CKD, the urinary tenascin-C level was markedly elevated, compared to 39 healthy individuals. Moreover, the level of urinary tenascin-C in CKD was correlated with the severity of kidney dysfunction and fibrosis. In mouse model of acute kidney injury-to-CKD induced by ischemia/reperfusion, depletion of tenascin-C preserved tubular integrity and ameliorated renal fibrotic lesions. In vitro, tenascin-C impaired tubular cell integrity by inducing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Using decellularized kidney tissue scaffolds, we found that tenascin-C-enriched scaffolds facilitated tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition ex vivo. Mechanistically, tenascin-C specifically induced integrins αvβ6 in tubular cells and activated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Blocking αvβ6 integrins or inhibition of FAK restored tubular integrity by repressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and alleviated kidney fibrosis. Thus, our studies underscore that tenascin-C is a noninvasive biomarker of kidney fibrogenesis and a pathogenic mediator that impairs tubular integrity. Hence, blockade of the tenascin-C/αvβ6 integrin/FAK signal cascade may be a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention of kidney fibrosis.