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In the present context of artificial intelligence, student-teachers need to understand technological applications in education and incorporate them into their classroom instruction. Technological applications help in connecting and collaborating beyond geographical boundaries. The student-teachers should be equipped with the knowledge and understanding of the benefits of incorporating technology into their teaching practices and it should be the focus of teachertraining to equip them with the necessary skills to utilize these applications in their practice. The ICT in Education course was introduced in one of the University's pre-service teacher education programs in India to facilitate student-teachers to gain the ICT skills needed to integrate it into teaching. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the multimedia package on student-teachers at the pre-service level based on empirical evidence. Some of the findings suggest that the use of the multimedia package not only helps student-teachers identify and use resources effectively but also delivers the content meaningfully. The Multimedia packages could serve as a tool for educators to deliver subject content efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting the shoreline is an important task for its potential use. The shoreline allows cropping of the image into two separate areas that present the water area and the shore. It is particularly interesting because the images can be used to analyze pollution, land development, or even waterfront erosion. Unfortunately, automatic shoreline detection is a complex problem due to numerous physical and atmospheric issues. In this paper, we present a solution based on a U-net convolutional network, that is trained to shoreline detection on a dedicated database. The database is automatically generated by applying image processing techniques and a heuristic algorithm. Using heuristics, optimal values of mask generation parameters are determined. Consequently, the solution allows for the automation of generating a set of masks by analyzing the boundary line and the efficiency of the segmentation network. The proposed solution allows for the analysis of the coastline, where potential obstacles and even occurring waves can be quickly detected. To evaluate the proposed solution, tests were carried out in real conditions, which showed the effectiveness of the model. In addition, tests were carried out on a publicly available database, which allowed for obtaining higher results than existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is altering fire regimes and post‐fire conditions, contributing to relatively rapid transformation of landscapes across the western US. Studies are increasingly documenting post‐fire vegetation transitions, particularly from forest to non‐forest conditions or from sagebrush to invasive annual grasses. The prevalence of climate‐driven, post‐fire vegetation transitions is likely to increase in the future with major impacts on social–ecological systems. However, research and management communities have only recently focused attention on this emerging climate risk, and many knowledge gaps remain. We identify three key needs for advancing the management of post‐fire vegetation transitions, including centering Indigenous communities in collaborative management of fire‐prone ecosystems, developing decision‐relevant science to inform pre‐ and post‐fire management, and supporting adaptive management through improved monitoring and information‐sharing across geographic and organizational boundaries. We highlight promising examples that are helping to transform the perception and management of post‐fire vegetation transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay delves into the topic of cultural identity and belonging within the Bengali culture, specifically in the context of globalization. It highlights the perspectives of Nobel laureates Rabindranath Tagore and Amartya Sen, who stress the significance of cultural identity. The essay explores the challenges faced by Bengali students studying abroad and their efforts to maintain their cultural identity through language, fashion, food, and faith. It also raises thought-provoking questions about the meaning of cultural identity when one is separated from their culture and living in a different environment, as well as the relationship between home and the world in today's globalized society. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes to Canada’s federal electoral boundaries affect every person living in a particular riding. Yet, the process for changing boundaries occurs only once every 10 years. As such, a generalized unfamiliarity tends to exist among the public, as well as members of Parliament, about how the process functions and unfolds. There is only an upside to having every Canadian gain a better understanding of the steps that are taken to determine in what riding they will live, and who else will reside in that riding with them. In this article, the author first explains how this process unfolds under Canada’s Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act (EBRA), including the important role played by the House of Commons Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs (PROC). He then offers some observations about the 2022 readjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the general process of decennial federal electoral boundaries redistribution in Canada under section 51(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867 and the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, which takes about two years from when the Chief Electoral Officer calculates the number of MPs per province to when the Governor General proclaims the Representation Order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of WeltTrends is the property of WeltTrends e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a subtle attempt to fortify territorial boundaries, the rise of White nationalism and far-right politics worldwide has recently brought to the fore the dangerous conflation of immigration and ecological crisis at the basis of eco-racist discourses fuelling several conspiracy theories. These, in turn, have led to a series of terrorist attacks, including the mass shooting among the Hispanic community which took place in El Paso, Texas, on 3 August 2019 by Patrick Crusius. Drawing on a theoretical framework that combines eco-racism, appraisal theory, and facticity in linguistic analysis, this article aims to analyse Crusius's manifesto - "The Inconvenient Truth" - to highlight the linguistic strategies he deploys to construct his discourse as factual in order to influence readers' convictions. The analysis intends to increase awareness about the implications of the co-articulation of anti-ecological and racist discourses and eventually aid their dismantling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital games are one of the most engaging forms of media. Players can have a first-hand experience and the possibility of feeling immersed within a digital setting where agency is exerted. This paper seeks to understand the role of digital games as new means of communication and their potential to convey messages that may defy gamers to question the moral grand narratives that shape contemporary societies. In a moment when many countries have opted to close or limit the circulation in their borders, it is important to think about the role played by the border as a historic liminal entity for the representation of societies and communities, distinguishing those who belong from those who do not. The representation of the border in digital games have tended to follow one of the main tropes explored in other media: the border as a physical space that set boundaries between different nations and different regions of the world. In order to assert the potential of digital games to offer a more comprehensive representation of the border as a liminal space, the case of Papers, Please! (2013) will be analyzed. Based on a qualitative methodology, having content analysis as primary data collection method, the paper intends to contribute to the discussion on how history may narrativized and, eventually, reinterpreted in digital games. Papers, Please! analysis will be centered on the relationship that is set between player and border, that is presented as a liminal space where the game's action takes places entirely. Moreover, the paper intends to discuss the role that has been played by digital games in the representation of serious topics and how they have evolved as communication tools beyond their role as entertainment products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dianthus virgineus encompasses a very complex taxonomic group (traditionally called D. sylvestris group) including an array of units of doubtful taxonomic rank and value. Recent work identified three genetic lineages within this complex that showed strong genetic isolation, and clear geographical boundaries (i.e., "Alpine", "Balkan", and "Apennine" lineages). We evaluated the contribution of 33 morphological characters in differentiating such genetic units, by also investigating the effect of geographical and ecological drivers on the characters showing major discriminating power. The morphological measures were taken from a large number of populations (N = 97) included in the sample used for detecting the three genetic lineages. Our work reveals that these lineages can be morphologically discriminated by a series of character‐states that are traditionally considered of relevant taxonomical value. We also inferred a significant geographical and ecological effect on most characters, which varied gradually with latitude, longitude, and mean annual temperature. Overall, our data suggest that the three biological units can be referred to D. inodorus (L.) Gaertn. ("Alpine" lineage), D. sylvestris Wulfen ("Balkan" lineage), and D. virgineus L. s.str. ("Apennine" lineage). We also provide an identification key to discriminate these three taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a book review of "Un geograf francez ¿i România: Emmanuel de Martonne (1873-1955)" by Gavin Bowd. The book explores the life and work of Emmanuel de Martonne, a French geographer, and his connections with Romania, particularly Transylvania. It discusses de Martonne's contributions to Romanian geography and his involvement in defending the country's borders after World War I. The book also examines the impact of political and military polarizations during the Second World War and the Soviet influence in Eastern Europe. It concludes by highlighting the reconsideration of geographical themes in Romania after the fall of communism and the recognition of de Martonne's merits. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of History Pages is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Russian and Soviet governments believed the border to be a social and political construct. They often described and considered it as a foreign policy issue and a point of military vulnerability. In the course of 70 years of Sino-Russian relations since 1949, the border turned from a porous imperial fringe to a line of defense, a zone of economic growth, and a zone of economic anxiety. Throughout this evolution process, the Russian central government failed to grant agency to the local authorities and indigenous communities. The article argues that the current Russian federal government entrusts the local government with two conflicting goals in the borderlands: building strong cross-border ties and maintaining a "strong vertical of power" with top-down management and absolute supremacy of national security matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese named entity recognition (NER) is a challenging work that seeks to find, recognize and classify various types of information elements in unstructured text. Due to the Chinese text has no natural boundary like the spaces in the English text, Chinese named entity identification is much more difficult. At present, most deep learning based NER models are developed using a bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), yet the performance still has some space to improve. To further improve their performance in Chinese NER tasks, we propose a new NER model, IDCNN-BiLSTM-Highway, which is a combination of the BiLSTM, the iterated dilated convolutional neural network (IDCNN) and the highway network. In our model, IDCNN is used to achieve multiscale context aggregation from a long sequence of words. Highway network is used to effectively connect different layers of networks, allowing information to pass through network layers smoothly without attenuation. Finally, the global optimum tag result is obtained by introducing conditional random field (CRF). The experimental results show that compared with other popular deep learning-based NER models, our model shows superior performance on two Chinese NER data sets: Resume and Yidu-S4k, The F1-scores are 94.98 and 77.59, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical scholars have long critiqued the circumscribed theoretical boundaries of political communication research in its dominant disciplinary identity. This identity is usually attributed to the hegemonic authority of a functionalist paradigm of political communication anchored in the use of positivist epistemologies and quantitative methods. This article revisits these old debates from a post-foundational discourse theoretical perspective, drawing on arguments about the ontological implications of 'the political' to examine political communication's hegemonic disciplinary form. The primarily theoretical argument is supported by an elementary empirical method that examines how the signifiers 'ontology' and 'the political,' and theorists associated with that vocabulary, are cited in a 24-year archive of articles from the journal Political Communication which we frame as a proxy for the dominant disciplinary identity. We argue that the relative invisibility of an otherwise influential political ontology literature in the journal supports our argument about the lack of theoretical pluralism in political communication research and suggests the enduring authority of a dominant disciplinary habitus that, even when it recognizes paradigmatic differences, sees methodological virtue as the guarantee of scholarly rigour. We end by reflecting on the politics of how different (inter)disciplinary identities are articulated in communication studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glückliche Niederlande, du hast es besser! – Inspiration, Vorstellungskraft und Partizipation sind die Hauptmerkmale des Bibliothekswesens in den Niederlanden. Dort findet der bibliothekarische Geist eine Heimat in architektonischen Meisterwerken wie einer industriellen Lokomotivfabrik, einem alten Postgebäude oder gar einer Kathedrale. Was die Bibliotheken des Nachbarlandes ausmacht, was dort anders und was manches Mal besser läuft, wird im folgenden subjektiven Reisebericht erläutert. Oh, happy Netherlands, you get it right! – Inspiration, imagination and participation are the mainstays of the library sector in the Netherlands, where the library spirit has a home in magnificent architectural landmarks like an old industrial locomotive factory, an ancient post office building, and even a cathedral. Our subjective travelogue describes what makes the libraries in our neighbouring country so special, what is different and what works better across the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of URVIO - Revista Latinoamericana de Seguridad Ciudadana is the property of FLACSO - Ecuador (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The potential of social innovation to address intersecting social and spatial inequalities in regional territories is increasingly recognised. Against this background, the results in this article are based on a qualitative study of constellations of actors in peripheral rural regions engaged in socially innovative approaches to regional development. Empirically, the example of EPAM — a network of new young farmers across Portugal — is investigated using social topology methodology to demonstrate how social innovation spreads through rural regions. Data were collected and analysed across spatial scales to examine how images circulate ecologies of infrastructure –including EPAM – and traverse territorial boundaries. In this way, images as specific material-discursive configurations are shown to be agential in the performative spreading of social innovation. To conceptualise these observations, the article is based on the assumption that social innovation has dual spatial properties. The first, an empirically legible and bounded object moving in space (regional). The second, an trans-scalar relational process in which objects, subjects, and spaces are reciprocally reconfigured (process-relational). This assumption has implications on understanding diffusion dynamics in social innovation, specifically how does social innovation spread in a process-relational mode? Against this background, the primary aim of the article is to examine and elaborate the diffusion dynamics of social innovation in its process-relational mode in the case of EPAM. Applying social topology methodology with agential realist theoretical sensitivity is well suited to theoretically elaborate modes of spread in social innovation according to their spatial properties. • Spread in social innovation has four modes: intensive, extensive, intentional, unintentional. • Spread as relational process precedes emergence. • Spread is generative of bodies, objects, spaces and infrastructure. • Images, as material-discursive (re)configurations are agential in the spreading-out of social innovation. • Images circulate and perform ecologies of infrastructure contributing to the spread of social innovation in rural regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article – based on the case studies of the WHO and the FAO – shows that the expansion of cooperation between international organizations (IOs) and non-state actors (NSAs) leads to a significant rearrangement of IOs organizational boundaries. IOs develop bureaucratic procedures (e. g. due diligence, risk management) that lead IO employees to be in charge of "taxonomy work", i. e. the classification and hierarchization of NSAs. This work re draws the boundaries of IOs and generates resistance and contestation, both inside and out side IOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographies and borders have become often-debated concepts, especially in the view of the increasing impact of globalization and regional integration processes. In such cases, borders are attributed certain imagined meanings and more so, they are associated with feelings. Considering such dynamics, EU-Turkey relations can be considered a good example of how borders, emotions and spatial dimensions interact. However, not much attention has been given to the emotional facets of spatial relations. By utilizing the concept of "hot places", this study tries to fill this void. We separate EU-Turkey relations into three phases: the Cold War, post-Cold War, and the peak of migration politics, driven by the Syrian Civil War. We argue that there is a specific hot place for each of these periods: Kreuzberg, Berlin for the period between 1959 and 1989, Cyprus for the post-Cold War period, and the Syrian conflict for the last period. Thus, this paper aims at suggesting a novel approach to the study of emotions, spatiality, and EU-Turkey relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences is the property of Cukurova University Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem is the property of Revista de Estudos da Linguagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del CILHA is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since 2015, a series of high-impact global crises has sent shockwaves across Europe. From the so-called migrant crisis of 2015, through the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, national minorities have, like their majority counterparts, seen considerable changes to their lives and lifestyles as a result of measures taken by the national executives in their host countries. It is possible that significant changes to border control and the increased importance of nation-state action in times of crisis have affected the ways in which national minorities understand themselves visà-vis their host and kin-states. By reviewing recent media comments and academic research, this article hypothesises that these international crises have pushed national minorities away from local identities and towards more national and European discourses. As a commentary, this article encourages future exploration of this hypothesis in other minority communities across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Taiwan Journal of Linguistics is the property of Graduate Institute of Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the increasing frequency of transboundary crises in the twenty-first century – examples from the past are the financial crisis, the migration crisis and the current coronavirus pandemic – the need for political leadership beyond national borders is growing. As public visibility is an essential leadership resource with regard to transboundary leadership, the question arises of how media construct and thus legitimize political leadership in transboundary crises. The basic theoretical assumption is that perceived leadership in a transboundary crisis results from publicly observable processes of attributing responsibility beyond geographical and hierarchical boundaries. Consequently, a tool for capturing attribution statements, their senders and addressees as well as their reasoning in the media coverage is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political boundaries often do not coincide with ecological boundaries, and it is common for the same physical geographical unit to span multiple countries. Exploring establishing transboundary protected areas and ecological networks can effectively protect the integrity of natural ecosystems separated by political boundaries. Based on the integrated evaluation of ecosystem services function, ecological vulnerability, and ecosystem integrity, this study explored a methodological system for evaluating ecological protection priority areas in transboundary areas and selected the Altai Mountains, which span four countries, contain China, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Mongolia, as a typical case to conduct empirical research. The study found that the extremely important areas of ecosystem services function, ecological vulnerability, and ecosystem integrity showed transboundary contiguous characteristics. Furthermore, weighted overlay analysis identified the spatial distribution pattern of ecological protection priority areas in the Altai Mountains. We suggested establishing transboundary protected areas in the four countries' transboundary areas, building the identified ecological protection priority areas and existing protected areas into a transboundary protected area network, and deepening a multi-party transboundary protection cooperation mechanism. This study can provide a theoretical and practical reference to achieve the 2030 biodiversity conservation goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the evolution of the 'Indo-Pacific' as a concept and geopolitical social construct. Since 2007, the concept has been framed predominatly to fit the geostrategic concerns of global North powers. Contrary to this slant taken by an array of recent Indo-Pacific strategies, the concept itself is historically rooted in ideas of anticolonial politics, social justice, developmentalism, and cooperation. Regional Security Complex (RSC) theory is applied as a useful conceptual framework and shows how security problems and concerns are intimately tied to others and are thereby relational. Indeed, such a theory will need to increasingly account for ocean regions and move away from a terra-centric focus. Finally, the article explores the role of political geography. While the security complex in this mega-region is defined by particular states, the physical boundaries remain open to interpretation based on a state's view of itself and its geography, as well as how it makes sense and projects its changing interests. It is for these reasons that the western Indo-Pacific and African littoral states remain unevenly accounted for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación is the property of Universidad Pedagogica Experimental Libertador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ground-point filtering from point-cloud data is an important process in remote sensing and the photogrammetric map-production line, especially in generating digital elevation models from airborne lidar and aerial photogrammetric point-cloud data. In this article, a new and simple boundary-based method is proposed for ground-point filtering from the photogrammetric point-cloud data. The proposed method uses the local height difference to extract the boundaries of objects. Then the extracted boundary points are traced to generate polygons around the borders of any objects on the ground. Finally, the points located inside these polygons, which are classified as non-ground points, are filtered. The experimental results on the photogrammetric point cloud show that the proposed method can adapt to complex environments. The total error of the proposed method is about 8.96%, which is promising in these challenging data sets. Moreover, the proposed method is compared with cloth simulation filtering, multi-scale curvature classification, and gLiDAR methods and gives better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lone Star Vistas: Travel Writing on Texas, 1821-1861 by Astrid Haas (review) Astrid Haas does just that in her cogent and detailed examination of travel narratives about Texas from Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821 to the beginning of the Civil War in 1861. Astrid Haas, Lone Star Vistas: Travel Writing on Texas, 1821-1861. [Extracted from the article]

At the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, proximity to active asphalt seeps blurs the boundary between audience and exhibit and troubles the artificial border between people and other animals. While La Brea exclusively exhibits extinct animal models in the park, leading some visitors to see extinction events as existing at a safe distance, the asphalt continues to entrap contemporary creatures and functions as a change-over-time capsule. Uncomfortably close encounters with the asphalt cue visitors to situate themselves within La Brea's ecological continuum and convey the urgency of environmental issues at present. Informed by archival research and site visits, this article deploys a non-linear narrative sequence to mirror the muddling of time in the tar pits. La Brea has the potential to decentre human visitors and help them to embrace the obligations of heir and ancestor all at once. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 76% of the total main workforce in agriculture and more than 50% small and medium landowning households, the village provides an important case study for understanding agrarian resilience. The conceptualisation of resilience has been majorly confined to a system or a territorial boundary. Agrarian resilience too is commonly assumed to be driven by forces within the agriculture and the rural. i.e. land ownership remains constant, the labour of the peasantry is spatially limited to agriculture, the capital is generated within agriculture and the networks and skills of the peasantry is also confined to agriculture. This has underscored the role of factors and processes working outside the agriculture in conceptualising agrarian resilience. While the primacy of the agrarian processes cannot be denied, there are often processes working outside an agrarian system that can also enable resilience. i.e. the rural workforce can diversify its labour outside agriculture in the urban non-farm sector, capital can also be generated from sources outside the agriculture. In this context, using the case study of a village dominated by small and medium landowning households in the Patiala district of Punjab in India, the paper shows that resilience is driven by processes both within and outside agriculture. • Agrarian Resilience is a critical concept for understanding responses to rural transformation. • Resilience as a concept cannot not spatially, sectorally or region bounded. • Agrarian Resilience can be understood by the nature of rural urban relationship. • Agrarian groups use options and means outside agriculture and rural to stay resilient to changes within and outside agriculture. • Urban provides rural agrarian workforce new sources of capital and options to diversify labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assesses the menace of Boko Haram vis-à-vis the defense mechanism of the Nigerian Army in contemporary Nigerian society. The study is a response to the contentions and attendant worries that threaten the peaceful co-existence of Nigerians due to the activities of Boko Haram terrorists. The study adopts a case study research design owing to the nature of the study. The study was anchored on the frustration-aggression theoretical framework. The findings showed that Dialogue Defense Mechanism, Hyper Security Defense Mechanism, and Special Prison Facility Defense Mechanism against the Boko Haram insurgency are appropriate defense mechanisms that should be used in counter-terror strategies. The study found that Nigeria as a nation may become history in no distant time if these identified defense mechanisms are not wisely implemented to counter the trends the Boko Haram insurgents have created having joined forces with other terrorist groups outside the borders of Nigeria to wreak havoc on different parts of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the spatial distribution and adaptation mechanisms of traditional villages is crucial for their development and human well-being. However, relatively few studies have focused on the interaction and comprehensive influence of historical-cultural, natural-geographic and socio-economic factors on traditional villages in Jiangnan region. Employing geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Geodetector methods, we developed an integrated framework. We found that (1) Traditional villages exhibit a "one-core, multiple-periphery" clustering pattern (nearest neighbor index <1), with significant high-high and low-low local spatial clustering characteristics and preferring gentle and relatively Complex terrains to adapt to the need to avoid warfare. (2) Urbanization negatively affects traditional village density patterns, while natural-geographic complexity has a positive impact. Their interaction nonlinearly amplifies this effect, with the urbanization-GDP interplay being particularly significant (q = 0.765). (3) Factors exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity in their impact on traditional village density, with the explanatory power increasing by 20% (GWR/R2 = 0.65). The urbanization rate and slope are the most critical socio-economic and natural-geographic factors, respectively (local regression coefficient: 23.31 and 11.58). Our study transcends administrative boundaries, revealing how historical-cultural, natural-geographical, and socio-economic factors collectively influence the distribution of traditional villages. This not only provides a new theoretical foundation for the conservation and development of traditional villages but also provides a new methodology basis for research on traditional villages. • Proposing a framework studying spatial adaptation mechanisms of traditional villages. • Revealing "one-core, multiple-periphery" distribution patterns of Jiangnan villages. • Examining spatial adaptation mechanisms of traditional villages in Jiangnan region. • The comprehensive impact of 12 factors on traditional villages was revealed. • Proposing sustainable development strategies for traditional villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defined as signs denoting products linked to discrete characteristics of an area, geographical indications (GIs) acquired prominence in the economic development agenda. Gains from GIs triggered processes of redefinition and extension of the underlying territorial boundaries. Extensions increased the number of beneficiaries of the returns from GIs but also ignited tensions that deserve to be observed to distil theoretical insights on the evolution of indications and actionable guidelines for practitioners and policymakers. This study investigates the processes governing the settlement of tensions after the extension of a GI and attempts at understanding how contestations among incumbents and newcomers can be managed. Through a retrospective longitudinal analysis of the Prosecco extension, we find that incumbents and newcomers clashed based on different visions of the GI. Three elements allowed the management of tensions: political agency, the design of governance mechanisms, and a territorial portfolio strategy. • The paper sheds light on the tensions ensuing from the enlargement of a GI. • How tensions can be managed is studied in the context of the Prosecco GI. • Incumbents and newcomers engage in contests and mobilize opposing cognitive frames. • The paper systematizes the determinants of two opposing frames in the Prosecco GI. • Political agency, governance, a portfolio strategy ensure the stability of the GI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turismo: Visão e Ação is the property of Turismo-Visao E Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research has found that online student-peer interactions enrich pedagogy so that students deliberate introspectively and coproduce meaningful content. This research evaluates student peer reflective interactions through an online collaboration in an identical course among students across international boundaries. Significant evidence reveals that students deliberate with academic reflectivity by clarifying and debating the questions asked of them while being inquisitive and tolerant of differing ideas. This study concludes that online collaborations are a viable means to engage students with academic content regardless of international boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]