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The average fatty acid (FA) composition of canola oil is made up of 62% oleic acid (C18:1n9), 19% linoleic acid (C18:2n6), 9% linolenic acid (C18:3n3) and 7% saturated FA (SFA). We investigated whether boreal climate (7.5-17.2 °C) favorably altered the FA composition of canola. Results indicate that canola cultivated in boreal climatic conditions had approximately twice the levels of omega-3 FA (17-20%) compared to canola from other growing areas (9%). The presence of monoacetyldiacylglycerol (MAcDG), a unique class of triglyceride, is reported for the first time in canola cultivated in a boreal climate, and has the potential to reduce the risk of obesity and other health related diseases. We further demonstrated that a non-solvent based extraction method retained the novel lipid composition without reducing the quality of oil being produced. Our results contribute significantly to the understanding of lipid accumulation in the world's second most important oil crop when cultivated in a boreal or northern climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and metal oxides have received increasing attention regarding their characteristic behavior in plant systems. The fate and transport of metal NPs and metal oxide NPs in plants is of emerging concern for researchers because they ultimately become part of the food chain. The widespread use of metal-based NPs (MBNPs) in plants has revealed their beneficial and harmful effects. This review addresses the main factors affecting the uptake, translocation, absorption, bioavailability, toxicity, and accumulation of MBNPs in different plant species. It appraises the mechanism of nanoparticle-plant interaction in detail and provides understanding of the estimation strategies for the associated pros and cons with this interplay. Critical parameters of NPs include, but are not limited to, particle size and shape, surface chemistry, surface charge, concentration, solubility, and exposure route. On exposure to MBNPs, the molecular, physiological, and biochemical reactions of plants have been assessed. We have filled knowledge gaps and answered research questions regarding the positive and negative effects of metal and metal oxide NPs on seed germination, callus induction, growth and yield of plant, nutritional content, antioxidants, and enzymes. Besides, the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and detoxification studies of MBNPs in plants have been outlined. Furthermore, the recent developments and future perspectives of the two-way traffic of interplay of MBNPs and plants have been provided in this comprehensive review. [Display omitted] • There are few major factors influencing the interplay of metal-based nanoparticles with plants. • The mechanisms of interaction between nanoparticles and plants involve toxicity and detoxicity processes. • The beneficial and adverse effects of metal-based nanoparticles on plants are assessed by different methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 11% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions result from agricultural practices. Dairy manure (DM) application to soil is regarded as a best management practice due to C sequestration and improvement of soil physiochemical properties. However, GHGs emissions from the soil following the DM application could offset its advantages. Biochar (BC) is known to affect N transformation and GHGs emissions from soil. There had been considerably less focus on the BC amendment and its effects on GHGs emissions following DM application under field conditions. The objectives of this study were; i) to determine the temporal patterns and cumulative GHGs fluxes following DM and inorganic nitrogen (IN) application and, ii) to investigate BC amendment impact on DMY, GWP, direct N 2 O emission factor (EF d) and the response of CH 4 emissions (RC) in DM based silage corn. To achieve these objectives a two-year field experiment was conducted with these treatments: 1) DM with high N conc. (DM 1 : 0.37% N); 2) DM with low N conc. (DM 2 : 0.13% N); 3) IN; 4) DM 1 +BC; 5) DM 2 +BC; 6) IN + BC; and 7) Control (N 0); and were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. BC amendment to DM 1 , DM 2 and IN significantly reduced cumulative CO 2 emission by 16, 25.5 and 26.5%, CH 4 emission by 184, 200 and 293% and N 2 O emission by 95, 86 and 93% respectively. It also reduced area-scaled and yield-scaled GWP, EF d , RC and enhanced DMY. Thus, BC application showed great potential to offset the negative effects of DM application i.e GHGs emissions from the silage corn cropping system. Further research is needed to evaluate soil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics (substrates for GHG emissions) after DM and BC application on various soil types and cropping systems under field conditions. Image 1 • Dairy manure and inorganic nitrogen application increased GHGs emission. • Biochar amendment reduced temporal and cumulative CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O emission. • Biochar amendment reduced area-scaled GWP (CH4+N2O) and yield-scaled GWP (CH4+N2O). • Biochar reduced direct N 2 O emission factor (EF d), and response of CH 4 emissions. • BC amendment is a pragmatic approach in mitigating GWP in boreal climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]