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The histiocytoses comprise a histopathologically and clinically diverse group of disorders bearing recurrent genomic alterations, commonly involving the BRAFgene and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. In the current study, a novel CLTC::SYKfusion in 3 cases of a histopathologically distinct histiocytic neoplasm arising as solitary soft tissue lesions in children identified by next-generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization is described. Morphologically, all 3 neoplasms were composed of sheets of cells with round-oval nuclei and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm but, in contrast to classic juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), Touton giant cells were absent. A separate cohort of classic JXG cases subsequently profiled by fluorescence in situ hybridization were negative for the presence of a CLTC::SYKfusion suggesting that CLTC::SYKfusion-positive histiocytoma is genetically and histologically distinct from JXG. We postulate that the CLTC::SYKfusion leads to aberrant activation of the SYK kinase, which is involved in variable pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase. The identification of a novel CLTC::SYKfusion may pave the way for the development of targeted therapeutic options for aggressive disease.

Cutaneous (myo)fibroblastic tumors constitute a group of tumors with overlapping clinicopathological features and variable biologic behavior. In the present review we focus on the histomorphology, immunohistochemical profile and molecular background of the following entities: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), CD34-positive fibroblastic tumor (SCD34FT), myxoinflammatory sarcoma (MIFS), low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor and nodular fasciitis. Although some of these entities typically arise in deep-seated locations, they may occasionally present as cutaneous/superficial tumors and might be challenging to recognize. This review covers in depth the latest advances in molecular diagnostics and immunohistochemical markers that have significantly facilitated the correct classification and diagnosis of these neoplasms.

An immunocompetent 33-year-old woman presented with a pathologic femur fracture after one month of progressively worsening right thigh pain. Open biopsy demonstrated acute suppurative osteomyelitis despite the lack of clinical risk factors. The polymicrobial infection was successfully treated with three operative procedures and culture-specific antibiotic agents. Acute osteomyelitis, while an uncommon cause of pathologic fracture, must always be on the differential diagnosis, even when no obvious predisposing factors are present. When investigating for an infectious etiology in cases such as our own, considering immunodeficiency syndromes alongside the more typical causes of osteomyelitis is encouraged.

Nuclear Medicine provides efficient tools for cancer therapy using compounds labelled with radionuclides that emit beta-particles, alpha-particles or Auger electrons. With their short path lengths, they destroy mainly targeted cancer cells with limited side effects. Ideal application for targeted radionuclide therapy demands radionuclides

Nuclear Medicine provides efficient tools for cancer therapy using compounds labelled with radionuclides that emit beta-particles, alpha-particles or Auger electrons. With their short path lengths, they destroy mainly targeted cancer cells with limited side effects. Ideal application for targeted radionuclide therapy demands radionuclides physical, radiobiological and radiochemical properties to be well known. These radionuclides are produced with the desirable characteristics for their application in Nuclear Medicine radiopharmaceutical therapy. Furthermore, measurements of absorbed dose to the abnormal and to the normal tissue, in a patient-specific point of view, enhance therapy effectiveness. Dosimetry is a valuable tool for the decision of a successful treatment that will give impressive anti-tumour results and favourable tumour-to-normal tissue ratios. This article will be a review of the contributions both in the production of the radionuclides - dedicated to radiopharmaceutical therapy - as well as in the individualized dosimetric methods referred in the literature for each radionuclide used in Nuclear Medicine therapy. Many dose-calculation methods and mathematical codes used will be referred in detail.

In vivo imaging has revolutionised the study of leukocyte trafficking and revealed many insights on the dynamic behaviour of immune cells in their native environment. Neutrophil migration represents a prominent example whereby live imaging led to discovery of unanticipated cell migration patterns. These cells are the first to enter inflammatory sites and their recruitment had once been thought to be driven primarily by extrinsic signals and resolved by apoptosis in these lesions. However, in vivo imaging in zebrafish and mice indicated that neutrophils are also able to self-organise their migration to a large extent, through collective generation of gradients, in a process referred to as ‘swarming’, and that they can leave sites of inflammation, in a process referred to as ‘reverse migration’. An important step in understanding these newly defined behaviours is the ability to detect and quantify them through statistical analysis. Here we provide a summary of considerations and recommendations for quantitative analysis of neutrophil swarming and reverse migration, with the purpose of introducing relevant analysis tools to new researchers in the field and establishing common frameworks and standards.