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Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) is a second-generation autologous platelet-rich plasma. This study aims to investigate the clinical effects of L-PRF in patients with diabetes in real clinical practice. Methods: Patients with DFU who received L-PRF treatment and standard of care (SOC) from 2018 to 2019 in Tongji Hospital were enrolled. The clinical information including patient characteristics, wound evaluation (area, severity, infection, blood supply), SOC of DFU, and images of ulcers was retrospectively extracted and analyzed. L-PRF treatment was performed every 7±2 days until the ulcer exhibited complete epithelialization or an overall percent volume reduction (PVR) greater than 80%. Therapeutic effectiveness, including overall PVR and the overall and weekly healing rates, was evaluated. Results: Totally, 26 patients with DFU were enrolled, and they had an ulcer duration of 47.0 (35.0, 72.3) days. The severity and infection of ulcers varied, as indicated by the Site, Ischemia, Neuropathy, Bacterial Infection, and Depth (SINBAD) scores of 2–6, Wagner grades of 1–4, and the Perfusion, Extent, Depth, Infection and Sensation (PEDIS) scores of 2–4. The initial ulcer volume before L-PRF treatment was 4.94 (1.50, 13.83) cm3, and the final ulcer volume was 0.35 (0.03, 1.76) cm3. The median number of L-PRF doses was 3 (2, 5). A total of 11 patients achieved complete epithelialization after the fifth week of treatment, and 19 patients achieved at least an 80% volume reduction after the seventh week. The overall wound-healing rate was 1.47 (0.63, 3.29) cm3/week, and the healing rate was faster in the first 2 weeks than in the remaining weeks. Concurrent treatment did not change the percentage of complete epithelialization or healing rate. Conclusion: Adding L-PRF to SOC significantly improved wound healing in patients with DFU independent of the ankle brachial index, SINBAD score, or Wagner grade, indicating that this method is appropriate for DFU treatment under different clinical conditions.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common complication of glucocorticoid (GC) therapy. Recent advances demonstrate that sympathetic nerves regulate bone homeostasis, and GCs lower the sympathetic tone. Here, we show that the dramatically decreased sympathetic tone is closely associated with the pathogenesis of GC-induced ONFH. GCs activate the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) but hinder the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). This disrupts the balance of corticosteroid receptors (GR/MR) and subsequently reduces the sympathetic outflow in the PVN. Vascular endothelial cells rapidly react to inhibition of sympathetic tone by provoking endothelial apoptosis in adult male mice treated with methylprednisolone (MPS) daily for 3 days, and we find substantially reduced H-type vessels in the femoral heads of MPS-treated ONFH mice. Importantly, treatment with a GR inhibitor (RU486) in the PVN promotes the activation of MR and rebalances the ratio of GR and MR, thus effectively boosting sympathetic outflow, as shown by an increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in both the PVN and the sympathetic postganglionic neurons and an increase in norepinephrine levels in both the serum and bone marrow of the femoral head of MPS-treated mice. Rebalancing the corticosteroid receptors mitigates GC-induced endothelial impairment and ONFH and promotes angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis in the femoral head, while these effects are abolished by chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA or adrenergic receptor-β2 (Adrb2) knockout. Furthermore, activating Adrb2 signaling in vivo is sufficient to rescue the GC-induced ONFH phenotype. Mechanistically, norepinephrine increases the expression of the key glycolytic gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) via Adrb2-cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. Endothelial-specific overexpression of PFKFB3 attenuates endothelial impairment and prevents severe osteonecrosis in MPS-treated Adrb2 knockout mice. Thus, GC inhibits sympathetic tone via the hypothalamic descending pathway, which, in turn, acts as a mediator of GC-induced ONFH.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the surface area ratio of medial tibial plateau (MTP) to lateral tibial plateau (LTP) and the mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA). Methods: Lower limb computed tomography (CT) images were collected at our hospital. Then, the original CT data were analyzed and reconstructed using medical image processing software. The proximal and distal centres of the femur and tibia were marked. The surface areas of MTP and LTP were identified using image processing software. GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 was used to perform the statistical analysis. Results: The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was significantly correlated with the mTFA in all patients (P<0.0001), male group (P<0.0001), female group (P<0.0001), varus group (P<0.0001), and valgus group (P=0.002). Furthermore, the surface area of MTP and LTP was significantly greater in the male group than in the female group (P<0.0001). There was significant difference in the surface area of the MTP between the varus and valgus groups (P<0.0001). Significant difference was also observed in the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP between the varus and valgus groups (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The surface area ratio of MTP to LTP was correlated with the mTFA. Within a certain range, the smaller the mTFA, the greater the surface area ratio of MTP to LTP. For patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, of whom the surface area of the MTP was basically equal to that of the LTP, it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with mechanical alignment standards, and that a symmetrical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used. For patients whose surface area of MTP is significantly greater than that of the LTP, it is recommended that the osteotomy should be performed in accordance with kinematic alignment standards, and that an anatomical tibial plateau prosthesis should be used.

ABSTRACTSteroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a progressive disease that leads to an increased disability rate. This study aimed to ascertain biomarkers, infiltrating immune cells, and therapeutic drugs for SONFH. The gene expression profile of the GSE123568 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the NetworkAnalyst platform. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction network (PPI), and module analyses were performed using Metascape tools. An immune cell abundance identifier was used to explore immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, hub genes were identified based on maximal clique centrality (MCC) evaluation using cytoHubba application and confirmed by qRT-PCR using clinical samples. Finally, the L1000 platform was used to determine potential drugs for SONFH treatment. The SONFH mouse model was used to determine the therapeutic effects of aspirin. In total, 429 DEGs were identified in SONFH samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were enriched in myeloid leukocyte activation and osteoclast differentiation processes. A set of nine immune cell types was confirmed to be markedly different between the SONFH and control samples. All 10 hub genes were significantly highly expressed in the serum of SONFH patients, as shown by qRT-PCR. Finally, the therapeutic effect of aspirin on SONFH was examined in animal experiments. Taken together, our data revealed the hub genes and infiltrating immune cells in SONFH, and we also screened potential drugs for use in SONFH treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease accompanied by synovial joint inflammation, and IL-36 plays an important role in this process. Local application of IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) can effectively control the inflammatory response, thereby protecting cartilage and slowing down the development of OA. However, its application is limited by the fact that it is rapidly metabolized locally. We designed and prepared a temperature-sensitive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel (IL-36Ra@Gel) system carrying IL-36Ra and evaluated its basic physicochemical characteristics. The drug release curve of IL-36Ra@Gel indicated that this system could slowly release the drug over a longer period. Furthermore, degradation experiments showed that it could be largely degraded from the body within 1 month. The biocompatibility-related results showed that it had no significant effect on cell proliferation compared to the control group. In addition, the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 was lower in IL-36Ra@Gel-treated chondrocytes than in the control group, and the opposite results appeared in aggrecan and collagen X. After 8 weeks of treatment with IL-36Ra@Gel by joint cavity injection, HE and Safranin O/Fast green staining showed that the degree of cartilage tissue destruction in the IL-36Ra@Gel-treated group was less than those in other groups. Meanwhile, the joints of mice in the IL-36Ra@Gel group had the most intact cartilage surface, the smallest thickness of cartilage erosion, and the lowest OARSI and Mankins score among all groups. Consequently, the combination of IL-36Ra and PLGA-PLEG-PLGA temperature-sensitive hydrogels can greatly improve the therapeutic effect and prolong the drug duration time, thus effectively delaying the progression of degenerative changes in OA, providing a new feasible nonsurgical treatment for OA.

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a devastating disease affecting young adults, resulting in significant pain, articular surface collapse, and disabling dysfunction. ONFH can be divided into two broad categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. It has been established that ONFH results from an inadequate blood supply that causes the death of osteocytes and bone marrow cells. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of ONFH remains to be elucidated. In this regard, preclinical animal and cell models to study ONFH have been established to assess the efficacy of various modalities for preventing and treating ONFH. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that many models do not share the same physiologic and metabolic characteristics as humans. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reproducible model that better mimics human disease. This review intends to summarize different methods for developing animal and cell experimental models of ONFH. The advantages, disadvantages and success rates of ONFH models are also discussed. Finally, we provide experimental ONFH model schemes as a reference.

Objective The purpose of this study is to present a surgical technique that simultaneously reduces and fixates the transverse parts of U-shaped sacral fractures.Methods The sacral fracture was exposed through a posterior median approach. In a flexion injury, the rotation of the lower sacral segment is reduced by distraction along a pre-curved rod. Then, lordotic restoration is performed with a Weber clamp placed at the lower sacral segment through dragging. In an extension injury, longitudinal distraction is performed along the spinopelvic rod to reduce the vertical displacement. Next, the transverse displacement is reduced by a dissector placed between the upper and lower sacral segments through levering. The sagittal reduction on the lateral pelvic view was judged by PI. A regression analysis of Oswestry disability index (ODI) with Z-scores of PI, lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic tilt (PT) was performed.Results At the 1-year follow-up, the average PI, LL, SS, and PT values were 51.6 (range: 43.1–76.0), 44.8 (34.6 – 60.1), 35.4 (18.1 – 48.0), and 16.7 (2.2–35.4) degrees, respectively. All patients were able to maintain an upright stance. The average ODI was 27.6% (2–72%). Surprisingly, the regression analysis demonstrated a significant linear relationship between ODI and LL (R2= 0.367, p= .048) but not between ODI and PI (R2= 0.227, p= .138).Conclusions Using PI as guidance, the surgical procedures were helpful to reduce the PI of transverse sacral fractures into the normal range. However, the relationship between PI and the prognosis remains to be evaluated by future researches.

With the wide adoption of the computer and network communication technology in our daily life, electronic business technology has seen a rapid development all over the world. It is common for electronic commerce websites to enable their customers to write reviews of products that they have purchased. Unfortunately, reviewers may write some untruthful opinions in order to promote or damage specific products reputation which called review spam. Product review spam detection makes an attempt to find untruthful opinions. In order to find the review spammers, the paper presents a review spam detecting based on sentiment analysis. Three feature behaviors of review spammers are recognized, including targeting at product type, targeting at product brand and targeting at product seller. The review spam detecting method based on sentiment analysis is suitable for detecting review spam, and is efficient and effective.

Electronic commerce system is now developing at a huge speed, whose final objective is to electronize every phase of commercial activity. Electronic payment is the heart of electronic commerce. Along with electronic commerce development, electronic cash payment systems are also developing. How to achieve safe electronic transactions is the key to the development of electronic cash payment systems. There are two kinds of electronic cash system, on-line and off-line. As the security and effective electronic payment system has become an important part of electronic commerce, according to the new character of cloud computing, it can solve the problems that the electronic cash systems exist leakage of privacy, non-standard transactions and high cost in the traditional network. The paper describes the types of electronic payment and discusses the electronic cash payment safety based on cloud computing. The presented solution can reduce the hardware and software systems cost, particularly for the current electronic commerce security, with efficient and convenient interactive response to the trend.

Mobile Internet is a fast growing, dynamic field, and has wide-ranging application prospects. Electronic commerce is an important application of mobile Internet and it is increasingly changing people’s way of life in the information era. For the present, electronic commerce business is confronted with such challenges as homogeneous profit pattern, customer churn, tenuous loyalty, single channel and so on. Compared to traditional electronic commerce, mobile electronic commerce has incomparable advantages in location, urgency and anytime, anywhere access. On the foundation of association rules in data mining, the architecture of cell phone photograph data mining system and recommendation system model is totally researched. It used the association rule mining algorithm to bulid a cell phone photograph data mining system model. It is very effective for cell phone photograph data mining problem in mobile electronice commerce.

The appearance of cloud security system makes the spread of computer viruses possess some new features. The open environment in cloud computing is much more complex, and can not fully adapt to the new application of computer network such as cloud computing. Cloud computing offers the advanced capabilities of sharing, where the computing and storage capabilities are outsourced on demand, With the wide use of cloud computing services, tenants require higher and higher security assurance. Through the research and analyss of security in cloud computing, the design model of anti-spam electronic commerce security system based on cloud computing is presented, and the functional modules of the system are analyzed. Lastly, the construction model of anti-spam electronic commerce security system is advanced.

With the maturity of virtualization technology, the advantages of cloud computing have been gradually apparent with low cost, improvement of resource utilization, energy conservation of service consolidation and convenience of using. Cloud manufacturing provides a huge amount of services and there are kinds of user requirements and devices which are complicated and changeable. So it is necessary that the users quickly develop personalized products to meet their needs. With the popularity of smart phones and the development of 3G technology, the amount of information grows dramatically fast, which makes it a trend to extract information that users are interested in from the world of information, but traditional recommendation methods cant meet the need of people. Starting from information resource requirements of users in the cloud environment, this article discusses the application of cloud computing in personalized information services, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of the cloud computing technology applying to personalized services, proposes the personalized service idea based on cloud computing, and builds a model to introduce cloud computing and cloud service idea to the management and service, hoping to find the integrating point of the cloud computing technology applications in the personalized field.

Highly skilled systems are the master hands and examples in the production line. They meet the quality requirements for highly skilled that knowledge and skill proficient, thoughtful, and creative. The systems that have innovative sense and high-skilled ability are required by not only the modern science and technology revolution, but also the economical and social development of a nation. In high-skilled systems, especially the system of computer with stronger practicality and operability, how to strengthen the cultivation of the ability of innovation and high-skilled is very important. The paper analyzed the connotation of innovative high-skilled systems. Taking the growth mechanism in innovative high-skilled systems as an example, and school-enterprise cooperation and work-integrated learning as starting point, it explores and practices on the training mode. According to the construction of high level productive practice training base, it can provide reference for similar researches of growth mechanism in training innovative high-skilled talents.

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, payment is becoming the focus problem of electronic commerce. Electronic cash has become the ideal method of electronic payment for it is able to realize fair, secure, effect electronic transacts. Along with electronic commerce development, electronic cash payment systems are also gradually developing. However, most electronic cashes are facing the security issues. Moreover, the amount of money each electronic cash card contains is fixed at issuance and is available only within a specified system. The key technology is digital signature technology, including blind signature, group signature, and ring signature. The paper researches the security problems of electronic cash in information safety and e-commerce, and discusses the electronic payment and the security problem, which is regarded as the foundation of electronic commerce. The main factors are given that causes security problems of electronic payment, and suggests corresponding precautionary measures.

With the rapid development of Internet, E-mail has been widely applied, and along goes a great deal of useless and harmful information. In the face of todays rampant spam developments, anti-spam mechanism is the mail filtering technology has gradually become the focus of information security. While the technical performance of spam filtering is good or bad, the key lies in the amount of spam sample collection, study and analysis. Through the analyzing and processing of spam, the paper designs and implements the intelligent spam filtering system. It brings forward some new theories. Based on analyzing actuality, origin and characteristic of spam, the paper also mainly expounds several filtering technique applied in E-mail.

A hybrid M-ary spread spectrum (SS) communication scheme which combined with orthogonal SS and CPSK technique is proposed. Based on dual orthogonal SS, every SS code is treated as original code to adopt CPSK modulation, the unattached synchronous code is chosen to achieve system synchronization. At the receiver, A circular correlator based on transform domain processing is employed to de-spread the received signals. Compared with M-ary SS and CPSK, the proposed scheme is able to obtain higher bandwidth efficiency, stronger anti-intercept capability, and better synchronous performance. The Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve better synchronous and bit error rate (BER) performance under additional white gauss noise channel models.

Innovative ability is the important content of higher vocational education. The cultivation of practice and innovation ability of college students is not only confined to a single practice ability, but includes the comprehensive ability cultivating, such as expression, questioning, thinking and so on. Practice has proved that the students comprehensive occupation quality can be improved through the cultivation of students innovation ability. But how to cultivate and improve students innovative ability in business website development teaching is a serious problem for computer teachers. Starting from the reality of business website development teaching in higher vocational college, the paper discusses how to efficiently cultivate the current higher vocational students innovative ability and spirits in classroom teaching mode from several aspects, provides new attempts for future development of higher vocational education.

Currently our country is vigorously developing the modern service industry, in which the manufacturing service constitutes an important part and the cloud manufacturing is a kind of modern manufacturing mode for the realization of the manufacturing services. This paper first analyses the definition of cloud manufacturing, and then emphatically analyses the core technology of cloud manufacturing. As virtualization technology is the core supporting technology for cloud manufacturing, this paper conducts a detailed analysis on the application of the virtualization technology in cloud manufacturing. Finally, this paper summarizes and proposes the prospect of the cloud manufacturing technology.

Server refers to computer software that manages resources and offers services to users. It is usually divided into a file server, database server and application program server. Server virtualization is an important trend of the server development. This paper makes relevant research on such aspects as the followings: the server virtualization technology; the characteristics of the server virtualization; and the difficult points of functional upgrading of the server virtualization and that optimization of the server performance is the fundamental aspect of upgrading. It hopes to play a promotion role for knowing the server virtualization in a better way.

The project team has completed some research work in the earlier period. In this paper, the present mainstream intelligent network video monitoring system is compared and analyzed in details. Also, in accordance with the advantages and disadvantages of the multiple system architectures, a type of distributed system architecture is designed preliminarily. Thus, with regard to this architecture, the project team conducts a detailed design, segment many functional modules, puts forward specific design and implementation plans, and ultimately completes the construction of the model machine of the whole system.

The growth of Web information resources leads the phenomenon of information overload and resources disorientation. In order to adapt to the existing recommendation system dynamically changing needs of e-commerce sites, provide users with more proactive, intelligent adaptive personalized product recommendation service, and achieve truly reflect the "information to look for" service model, in this paper, a personalized information filtering system based on multi-agent is presented. The filtering system architecture, agent parts, workflow design are given too. The system will recommend a variety of functional modules in the system can be constructed to take the initiative to customer service and a problem solving environment in self-run entity. This system allows the application of the traditional recommendation system is more malleable, autonomy, and more suitable for the needs of users in a dynamic, uncertain environment to use.

With the popularization of the Internet and the development of E-commerce, the information on the Networks has increased greatly and the E-Commerce system’s structure becomes more complicated when it provides more and more choices for users. People all have experienced the feeling of being overwhelmed by the number of new books, articles, and movies coming out each year. Many researchers pay more attention on building a proper tool which can help users obtain personalized resources. Personalized recommender systems are one such software tool in which information retrieve, information filtering, and content-based filtering techniques are used to help users obtain recommendations for unseen items based on their preferences. In this paper, described item models in content-based filtering recommender systems in order to alleviate the information overload issues. The paper presented three item models as following: vector space model representation, probability model representation and improved probabilistic model representation. These item models have their own advantages and disadvantages, and can choose according to specific circumstances.

With the rapidly growing amount of information available, the problem of information overload is always growing acute. Personalized recommendations are an effective way to get user recommendations for unseen elements within the enormous volume of information based on their preferences. The personalized recommendation system commonly used methods are content-based filtering, collaborative filtering and association rule mining. Unfortunately, each method has its drawbacks. This paper presented a personalized recommendation method combining the association rules mining and collaborative filtering. It used the association rules mining to fill the vacant where necessary. And then, the presented approach utilizes the user based collaborative filtering to produce the recommendations. The recommendation method combining association rules mining and collaborative filtering can alleviate the data sparsity problem in the recommender systems.