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In this work, we present maps of the integrand of the exchange energy K(r1,r2) in terms of atomic contributions. This quantity helps to improve the understanding of this quantum correction in chemical bonding. With a set of covalent and noncovalent diatomic molecules, we show that it is possible to develop useful vocabularies for identifying regions where the exchange correction removes or adds electrons predicted by the classical Coulomb term. Applying the results to four halogen-bonded complexes, we prove that it is possible to gain a further understanding of the characteristics of the interaction between them and to offer a complete description of the anisotropy of the σ hole. The results are confirmed by molecular orbital, NBO, and SAPT(DFT) analyses and bode well for the use of K(r1,r2) in chemical bond analysis.

•In a RIETE registry analysis of 103 818 patients with VTE, 20.3% were tested for IT, showing a substantial variance in outcomes.•A thoughtful IT testing approach should consider patients’ VTE risk factors and comorbidities.

The use of fire as a tool for environmental management has been widely practiced across societies worldwide as a crucial agent of landscape transformation. However, the recent surge in large forest fires poses significant risks due to their uncontrollable intensity, requiring new strategies in forest management and fire prevention. As rural areas in southern Europe are grappling with depopulation due to urban migrations, collective initiatives are being reconsidered as a territorial resilience approach for rural communities. This research aims to explore the link between traditional commons and forest fire prevention. To do so, the phenomenon of fires in Galicia (NW Spain), an area with a notable incidence of fire in southern Europe, is studied statistically and cartographically from the perspective of land tenure. The primary objective is to characterise the incidence of fires according to the three types of property: public, private, and common land. Empirical research reveals that while fire activity is more severe on common land, this is due to the correlation with preceding rural depopulation and the concentration of traditional commons in areas with harsher climates. Furthermore, specific cases of effective fire prevention and territorial resilience in common land are analysed and discussed. Ultimately, the benefits and opportunities offered by collective forest management in fire prevention are highlighted, providing a compelling case for exploring this approach further.

Photoionization as a half-scattering process is not instantaneous. Usually, time delays in photoionization are on the order of tens of attoseconds. In going from a single atom to a nano-object, one can expect the delay to increase, since the photoelectron scatters over a larger distance. Here we show that this intuition is not correct when comparing three-dimensional and planar molecules. Using attosecond interferometry, we find that the time delays in two-dimensional (2D) carbon-based molecules can be significantly shorter than those of three-dimensional counterparts. The measured time delay carries the signature of the spatial distribution of the 2D hole created in the residual molecular cation, allowing us to obtain its dimensions with angstrom accuracy. Our results demonstrate that the photoionization delay depends on the symmetry and shape of the created hole, as we show by identifying a quadrupole contribution in the measured delay of 2D molecules.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the Latino paradox and healthy migrant hypotheses by estimating the association between the prevalence of chronic pain, immigration status, and Latino ethnicity. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed pooled data from 85,395 adult participants of the 2019–2021 National Health Interview Survey. The dependent variables were any pain and chronic pain in the past 3 months. The independent variables were immigration status (US born, naturalized citizen, non-citizen) and Latino ethnicity. Results: Chronic pain was prevalent for nearly a quarter of US born non-Latino adults (24%) and non-citizen non-Latino adults had the lowest prevalence at 8%. In multivariable adjusted models, US born non-Latino immigration status and ethnicity was associated with a higher probability of reporting chronic pain in the last 3 months compared to US born Latino adults (-3.0%; 95% CI = -4.4%, -1.6%), naturalized citizen non-Latino adults (-4.7%; 95% CI = -5.9%, -3.4%), naturalized citizen Latino adults (-6.7%; 95% CI = -8.5%, -4.9%), non-citizen non-Latino adults (-3.1%; 95% CI = -4.7%, -1.5%), and non-citizen Latino adults (-8.9%; 95% CI = -10.8%, -7.0%). Conclusion: US Born non-Latino adults reported the highest prevalence of chronic pain and non-citizen Latino adults reported the lowest prevalence of chronic pain providing support for the Latino paradox and healthy migrant effect hypotheses.

Angiosperms are the cornerstone of most terrestrial ecosystems and human livelihoods1,2. A robust understanding of angiosperm evolution is required to explain their rise to ecological dominance. So far, the angiosperm tree of life has been determined primarily by means of analyses of the plastid genome3,4. Many studies have drawn on this foundational work, such as classification and first insights into angiosperm diversification since their Mesozoic origins5–7. However, the limited and biased sampling of both taxa and genomes undermines confidence in the tree and its implications. Here, we build the tree of life for almost 8,000 (about 60%) angiosperm genera using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes8. This 15-fold increase in genus-level sampling relative to comparable nuclear studies9provides a critical test of earlier results and brings notable change to key groups, especially in rosids, while substantiating many previously predicted relationships. Scaling this tree to time using 200 fossils, we discovered that early angiosperm evolution was characterized by high gene tree conflict and explosive diversification, giving rise to more than 80% of extant angiosperm orders. Steady diversification ensued through the remaining Mesozoic Era until rates resurged in the Cenozoic Era, concurrent with decreasing global temperatures and tightly linked with gene tree conflict. Taken together, our extensive sampling combined with advanced phylogenomic methods shows the deep history and full complexity in the evolution of a megadiverse clade.

Vancomycin (VCM) is an antibiotic used in the treatment of serious gram-positive infections. However, antibiotic contamination has induced the emergence of resistant microorganism, especially for VCM. Accordingly, detection and control of VCM in aqueous samples after the cleaning process of pharmaceutical equipment employed to prepare injections is very important. For this, routine analyses require simple, sensitive and low-cost analytical methods. In this work, a selective electrode type all-solid-state for the determination of VCM antibiotic was developed. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based on silicon alkoxysilanes was used as recognition element in a polyvinyl chloride membrane, with o-nitrophenyl octyl ether as a mediating solvent. The influence of the MIP particle size on sensor response was studied. The best results were obtained for the electrode containing particles smaller than 15 μm. This sensor exhibited sensitivity of 55.5 mV dec−1, limit of detection of 6.6 μM and a linear response starting on 10 μM. An electrode response time of 10 s and a lifetime of 21 days were achieved. Selectivity study showed that antibiotics like cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were interfering compounds, while chloramphenicol, metronidazole and inorganic cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+did not interfere.

Airway injury caused by endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a common event in children who require ETI in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The main aim of our study was to determine the incidence and the predisposing factors for the development of airway injury in PICU patients who need ETI. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the reasons for the request of airway endoscopy examination and the tracheostomy rate in this population.

La pandemia COVID-19 ha provocado un inusitado impulso a la telemedicina (TM). Analizamos el impacto de la pandemia en la TM aplicada en las consultas de cefaleas españolas, revisamos la literatura y lanzamos unas recomendaciones para implantar la TM en las consultas.

Congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries is an uncommon congenital heart disease characterized by discordance at both the atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. A rare subgroup of patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries also has a criss-cross heart. The morphology of these patients represents a diagnostic challenge that requires critical analysis to perform a satisfactory surgical procedure. We present a case of a 12-year-old patient with the above mentioned anatomy who underwent physiologic repair.

La cefalea representa un motivo de consulta frecuente entre los médicos de atención primaria, urgencias y especialistas en Neurología, que no siempre es bien manejada. El Grupo de Cefaleas de la Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología (SANCE) se plantea conocer su manejo entre los distintos niveles asistenciales.

El tiempo puerta-aguja (TPA) es el principal indicador del proceso del código ictus (CI). Según la guía de 2018 de la American Heart Association/American Stroke Association,el objetivo TPA debe ser inferior a 45minutos. Para conseguirlo son necesarios protocolos eficaces y revisados de actuación extrahospitalaria e intrahospitalaria.

La neuralgia del trigémino (NT) es un tipo de dolor neuropático que afecta a una o más ramas del nervio trigémino. Aunque su prevalencia poblacional es relativamente baja, la NT supone un problema muy importante tanto en las consultas de neurología como en las urgencias por la dificultad para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento y el elevado impacto sobre la calidad de vida de las personas que la padecen. Por estos motivos, el Grupo de Estudio de Cefaleas de la Sociedad Española de Neurología ha elaborado un documento de consenso sobre el manejo de esta patología.

Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.

Today, human gait analysis is commonly used for clinical diagnosis, rehabilitation and performance improvement in sports. However, although previous research works in the literature address the use of motion capture systems by means of optoelectronic sensors, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and depth cameras, few of them discuss their conception, guidelines and algorithms for measuring and calculating gait metrics. Moreover, commercially available motion capture systems, although efficient, are cost restrictive for most of the low-income institutions. In this research work, a new computer vision-based system (CVS) for gait analysis is developed and proposed. The aim is to close the gap found in the literature about the design and development of such systems by providing the requirements, considerations, algorithms and methodologies used to develop a gait analysis system with acceptable precision and accuracy, and at low cost. For this purpose, a linear computer vision method based on the non-homogeneous solution of the calibration matrix was used. The spatio-temporal and angular gait parameters were implemented in the proposed system, and compared with those reported in the literature. The denoising of the spatial gait trajectories and the strategies to detect gait events, are also presented and discussed. The results have shown that the proposed system is satisfactory for human gait analysis in terms of precision, computational performance and low cost.

Evaluating the frequency of resistance alleles is important for resistance management and sustainable use of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. Helicoverpa zea(Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major crop pest in the United States that has evolved practical resistance to the crystalline (Cry) proteins in Bt corn and cotton. The standard F2screen for estimating resistance allele frequency does not work well for H. zeabecause successful single-pair matings are rare. In this study, we developed and implemented a modified F2screen for H. zeathat generates F1progeny by crossing three laboratory susceptible female moths with one feral male moth instead of single-pair crosses. During 2019–2020, we used this modified method to establish 192 F2families from 623 matings between susceptible females and feral males from Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. From each F2family, we screened 128 neonates against discriminating concentrations of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab in diet overlay bioassays. Based on these discriminating concentration bioassays, families were considered positive for resistance if at least five larvae survived to second instar, including at least one to third instar. The percentage of positive families was 92.7% for Cry1Ac and 38.5% for Cry2Ab, which yields an estimated resistance allele frequency (with 95% confidence interval) of 0.722 (0.688–0.764) for Cry1Ac and 0.217 (0.179–0.261) for Cry2Ab. The modified F2screen developed and implemented here may be useful for future resistance monitoring studies of H. zeaand other pests.

Las disfunciones del suelo pélvico (DSP) incluyen un amplio número de patologías sujetas a una alta variabilidad en su manejo según los medios y capacitación de los centros y sus profesionales. El objetivo del estudio es constatar y describir la variabilidad clínica en el manejo de las DSP en los servicios de Urología de los centros sanitarios públicos de la Comunidad de Madrid, así como la dotación de medios disponibles en la actualidad en dichos centros.

[Display omitted] • Carbon loading rate (CLR) determines bioflocculation. • Nitrogen removal rates can be enhanced at high CLRs. • Reversible and residual fouling are related to biopolymer clusters content. • Effective long-term fouling control by the rotating membrane photobioreactor. Performance of a novel a rotating membrane photobioreactor (R-MPBR) for wastewater reclamation under photosynthetic oxygenation was investigated. The unit was operated in dead-end mode with an alternative physical cleaning strategy based in membrane module rotation. It was found that the carbon loading rate applied (CLR) (9.1–36.6 g DOC·m−3·d-1) determined the dissolved oxygen concentration, affecting nutrient removal, bioflocculation and membrane fouling. Indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortia were effectively developed under each condition. At high CLR values, the dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal was significantly enhanced (81.2 ± 13.9 %), probably due to a simultaneous nitrification–denitrification process as a result of the negligible dissolved oxygen concentration. Decreasing CLR from 36.6 to 9.1 g DOC·m−3·d-1, increased particle size (D(0.5) from 61.9 to 92.8 μm) and decreased biopolymer clusters content (from 50.0 to 2.3 mg DOC·L-1). It also revealed that membrane rotation does not compromise bioflocculation. Cake filtration model showed that fouling was associated to the supernatant fraction, particularly to the biopolymer clusters. Sustainable long-term operation was achieved at a permeate flux of 10 L·h−1·m−2 and CLR ≤ 11.4 g DOC·m−3·d-1. The proposed configuration effectively controlled membrane fouling, allowing to further process optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of low-quality evidence, international critical care nutrition guidelines recommend a wide range of protein doses. The effect of delivering high-dose protein during critical illness is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that a higher dose of protein provided to critically ill patients would improve their clinical outcomes.

Reportar los resultados de la ciclofotocoagulación transescleral con láser micropulsado en una población latinoamericana con glaucoma refractario en un entorno del «mundo real» y evaluar los factores asociados con éxito a un año de seguimiento.

Microalgal-bacterial membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) have emerged as a transformative wastewater treatment technology for reducing carbon emissions whilst achieving high quality effluent. However, membrane fouling negatively affects process performance by increasing energy consumption and reducing membrane lifespan. In this study, light/dark photoperiods were varied to optimize treatment performance and biomass properties and reduce membrane fouling. Increasing the length of the light period favored higher production of biomass but decreased bioflocculation. An intermediate photoperiod of 16/8 h achieved high values of biomass concentration (3.21 ± 0.45 g L−1) and nutrient removal rates (4.71 mg N L−1d−1and 0.67 mg P L−1d−1, respectively), while preventing accumulation of biopolymer clusters (≤5.5 mg DOC L−1) in the suspension. In addition, short-term fouling—associated with floc deposition forming a cake layer—was minimized at intermediate photoperiods, thus increasing the sustainable (i.e., threshold) permeate flux. Under these sustainable flux conditions, membrane fouling was mainly determined by the biopolymer cluster content, with best performance being attained at 16/8 h. The above results reveal that the photoperiod is a crucial parameter for controlling membrane fouling in microalgal-bacterial membrane photobioreactors.

The study aimed to conclude on the up-to-date state of the organisational ecology theory concerning relations between organisational ageing and organisational ecology, enhanced by social and ecological systems and ecological management. The applied method included analytical and reflective concluding, based on the synthesis of findings from a critical literature review. It was concluded that: (i) organisational ageing generates some of the most important consequences in organisational ecology; however, there is still no consensus on what kind of consequences prevail; (ii) at population level, the adaptation of organisational structures occurs with the replacement of old organisations that fail to adapt by the new ones; (iii) under the prevalent backdrop of radical structural and strategic changes, individual organisations are subject to inertial forces and thus are confronted with limitations to their success; (iv) ageing has positive consequences for innovative activities of older companies; and (v) the higher the density and concentration of industry, the higher the rates of founding firms and the lower the rates of mortality.

The Covid-19 pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Patients with comorbidities– such as those on peritoneal dialysis (PD)– present higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. We prospectively evaluated all Chilean patients on PD (48 centres) and followed those who had Covid-19 from the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in Chile (March 2020) to January 2021 (start of vaccination campaign). We described demographic history, comorbidities, factors related to infection, need for hospitalisation and death due to Covid-19. During the study period, 106 adults on PD were infected by SARS-CoV-2, with a mean age of 53.1 (±16.3) and of which 53.9% were female. From that group, 54.8% required hospitalisation and 24.5% (n= 26) died due to Covid-19. Most of the patients (63.4%) were infected at home and 22.8% during hospitalisation for other reasons. There was a significant association for Covid-19 mortality with: being ≥60 years old, diabetes, time on PD ≥5 years, need for hospitalisation and hospital-acquired infection. At 90 days of follow-up, all deaths associated to Covid-19 occurred before 40 days. We conclude that patients on PD without Covid-19 vaccination have a high mortality and need for hospitalisation associated to Covid-19. To avoid this negative outcome, it is necessary to intensify strategies to avoid contagion, especially in those ≥60 years old, with diabetes and/or ≥5 years spent on PD.

In recent years, the widespread adoption of navigation apps by motorists has raised questions about their impact on local traffic patterns. Users increasingly rely on these apps to find better, real-time routes to minimize travel time. This study uses microscopic traffic simulations to examine the connection between navigation app use and traffic congestion. The research incorporates both static and dynamic routing to model user behavior. Dynamic routing represents motorists who actively adjust their routes based on app guidance during trips, while static routing models users who stick to known fastest paths. Key traffic metrics, including flow, density, speed, travel time, delay time, and queue lengths, are assessed to evaluate the outcomes. Additionally, we explore congestion propagation at various levels of navigation app adoption. To understand congestion dynamics, we apply a susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model, commonly used in disease spread studies. Our findings reveal that traffic system performance improves when 30–60% of users follow dynamic routing. The SIR model supports these findings, highlighting the most efficient congestion propagation-to-dissipation ratio when 40% of users adopt dynamic routing, as indicated by the lowest basic reproductive number. This research provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between navigation apps and traffic congestion, with implications for transportation planning and management.

One of the main challenges on the use of planar mechanisms is to verify and monitor that the trajectories described by the mechanism correspond to those originally required. However, very few research studies have focused on tracking and monitoring the motion of target points located on the mechanisms during operation conditions. In this paper, a comparative study to evaluate the performance of several computer vision methods (CVMs) when used in motion tracking of planar mechanisms is presented. The aim is to compare and identify the best CVM, in terms of precision, speed, low cost, and computational performance, to track the movement of planar mechanisms. For this purpose, a case study corresponding to a planar four-bar mechanism is selected and analysed. The results show that the vision methods based on the homogeneous and non-homogeneous solution of the camera calibration matrix are a technological alternative for monitoring motion trajectories of planar mechanisms.

This study was performed to report etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of mandibular fractures in immature dogs treated with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques. Immature dogs diagnosed with mandibular fractures from 2001 to 2016 were included in this study. Diagnosis of the mandibular fracture was achieved by oral examination and diagnostic imaging in the anesthetized dog. Twenty-nine immature dogs with 54 mandibular fractures were selected. Within the mandibular body, the regions of the developing permanent canine and first molar teeth were most commonly involved (46.4% and 35.0%, respectively). Within the mandibular ramus, 53.8% of the fractures were located in its ventral half, and 38.5% in the condylar process. Muzzling was applied in 72.4% of the dogs. All dogs had clinical healing with resolution of signs of pain and recovery of mandibular function. Mean time for clinical healing was 21 ± 9 days. Age of the dog and duration of muzzling were significantly associated with the time needed for clinical healing. In immature dogs, fractures of the mandibular body occur most commonly in the regions of the developing permanent canine and first molar teeth, while fractures of the mandibular ramus are most commonly found in its ventral half and the condylar process. Non-invasive or minimally invasive management of mandibular fractures in immature dogs carries a good prognosis regarding clinical healing and recovery of mandibular function. Dogs should be monitored for the development of dental abnormalities and/or skeletal malocclusion until permanent teeth have erupted and jaw growth is completed.

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha provocado el ingreso de un elevado número de pacientes en UCI, generalmente por insuficiencia respiratoria severa. Desde la aparición de los primeros casos de infección por SARS-CoV-2, a finales de 2019, en China, se ha publicado una cantidad ingente de recomendaciones de tratamiento de esta entidad, no siempre respaldadas por evidencia científica suficiente ni con el rigor metodológico necesario. Gracias al esfuerzo de distintos grupos de investigadores, actualmente disponemos de resultados de ensayos clínicos, y otro tipo de estudios, de mayor calidad. Consideramos necesario realizar un documento que incluya recomendaciones que recojan estas evidencias en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento de la COVID-19, pero también aspectos que otras guías no han contemplado y que consideramos fundamentales en el manejo del paciente crítico con COVID-19. Para ello se ha creado un comité redactor, conformado por miembros de los Grupos de Trabajo de SEMICYUC más directamente relacionados con diferentes aspectos específicos del manejo de estos pacientes.

The main objective of oral and maxillofacial (OMF) tumor resection is to get local control of the disease. Many OMF tumors can be cured with wide or radical surgery, whereas others might only achieve temporary local control of the disease by removing infection and the source of pain, thereby improving the quality of life of the patient while keeping masticatory function. The standard of care on managing OMF tumors includes the diagnosis and identification of the local and distant extension of the disease to establish an appropriate treatment plan tailored for each patient. In this article, we provide a practical review of the current information related to staging, biopsy, and main surgical techniques for OMF tumor removal.

This work describes the structure of the assemblage of bivalve mollusks (i.e., composition, abundance, density, distribution and species diversity) of four representative rocky beaches of Mazatlan bay, Mexico. Biological samples were taken in the upper intertidal, lower intertidal and shallow subtidal of the beaches together with environmental parameters: type of sediment, organic matter, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, wave exposure and concentration of chlorophyll a. A total of 19,848 individuals distributed in 77 species, 50 genera and 27 families were recorded. The permutational ANOVA and PERMANOVA indicated significant differences in the bivalve assemblage structure among environments across studied sites. However, the intertidal (IT) and SS environments had different bivalve assemblages. Six species had a broad distribution: Acar rostae, Arcopsis solida, Isognomon janus, Saccostrea palmula Chama buddianaand Carditamera affinis. Four species had the highest density in the IT: Brachidontes semilaevis(196.0 ind m2), B. adamsianus(35.0 ind m2), Arcopsis solida(18.0 ind m2) and Lithophaga aristata(15.0 ind m2), and in the SS were Lithophaga aristata(7.1 ind m2), B. semilaevisand Acar rostae(3.2 ind m2). This study shows that exposure to waves was determinant for the bivalve distribution that inhabit the intertidal zone. In contrast, chlorophyll aand organic material are the variables that best explain the distribution of the species in the SS. However, more detailed information is required regarding the importance of the interaction between the hydrodynamics and the topography of the rocky beaches of Mazatlan bay.