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In this paper we analyse geometric multiscale models arising in the description of physiological flows such as blood flow in arteries or air flow in the bronchial tree. The geometrical complexity of the networks in which air/blood flows lead to a classical decomposition in two areas: a truncated 3D geometry corresponding to the largest contribution of the domain, and a 0D part connected to the 3D part, modelling air/blood flows in smaller airways/vessels. The fluid in the 3D part is described by the Stokes or the Navier–Stokes system which is coupled to 0D models or so-calledWindkessel models. The resulting Navier–Stokes–Windkessel coupled system involves Neumann non-local boundary conditions that depends on the considered applications. We first show that the different types of Windkessel models share a similar formalism. Next we derive existence results and stability estimates for the continuous coupled Stokes–Windkessel or Navier–Stokes–Windkessel problem as well as stability estimates for the semi-discretized systems with either implicit or explicit treatment of the boundary conditions. In all the calculations, we pay a special attention to the dependency of the various constants and smallness conditions on the data with respect to the physical and numerical parameters. In particular we exhibit different kinds of behavior depending on the considered 0D model. Moreover even if no energy estimates can be derived in energy norms for the Navier–Stokes–Windkessel system, leading to possible and observed numerical instabilities for large applied pressures, we show that stability estimates for both the continuous and semi-discrete problems, can be obtained in appropriate norms for small enough data by introducing a new well chosen Stokes-like operator. These sufficient stability conditions on the data may give a hint on the order of magnitude of the data enabling stable computations without stabilization method for the problem. Numerical simulations illustrate some of the theoretical results.

In this paper we elaborate a model to describe some aspects of the human lung considered as a continuous, deformable, medium. To that purpose, we study the asymptotic behavior of a spring-mass system with dissipation. The key feature of our approach is the nature of this dissipation phenomena, which is related here to the flow of a viscous fluid through a dyadic tree of pipes (the branches), each exit of which being connected to an air pocket (alvelola) delimited by two successive masses. The first part focuses on the relation between fluxes and pressures at the outlets of a dyadic tree, assuming the flow within the tree obeys Poiseuille-like laws. In a second part, which contains the main convergence result, we intertwine the outlets of the tree with a spring-mass array. Letting again the number of generations (and therefore the number of masses) go to infinity, we show that the solutions to the finite dimensional problems converge in a weak sense to the solution of a wave-like partial differential equation with a non-local dissipative term.

Abstract. The purpose of this work is to study the existence of solutions for an unsteady fluid-structure interaction problem. We consider a three-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid governed by the Navier–Stokes equations, interacting with a flexible elastic plate located on one part of the fluid boundary. The fluid domain evolves according to the structure’s displacement, itself resulting from the fluid force. We prove the existence of at least one weak solution as long as the structure does not touch the fixed part of the fluid boundary. The same result holds also for a two-dimensional fluid interacting with a one-dimensional membrane.

Discrete geometric conservation laws (DGCLs) govern the geometric parameters of numerical schemes designed for the solution of unsteady flow problems on moving grids. A DGCL requires that these geometric parameters, which include among others grid positions and velocities, be computed so that the corresponding numerical scheme reproduces exactly a constant solution. Sometimes, this requirement affects the intrinsic design of an arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) solution method. In this paper, we show for sample ALE schemes that satisfying the corresponding DGCL is a necessary and sufficient condition for a numerical scheme to preserve the nonlinear stability of its fixed grid counterpart. We also highlight the impact of this theoretical result on practical applications of computational fluid dynamics.

We study the well-posedness of an unsteady fluid-structure interaction problem. We consider a viscous incompressible flow, which is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations. The structure is a collection of rigid moving bodies. The fluid domain depends on time and is defined by the position of the structure, itself resulting from a stress distribution coming from the fluid. The problem is then nonlinear and the equations we deal with are coupled. We prove its local solvability in time through two fixed point procedures.

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the mathematical and numerical analysis of fluid-structure interaction phenomena, and present some of the existence results that can be found on this subject. We explain the various approaches and review the technical tools required. In all cases we have a fluid interacting with a moving (rigid or deformable) structure. The fluid is supposed to be viscous (compressible or incompressible) and the fluid equations are set in an unknown, time dependent domain, determined by the structure deformations, itselves resulting from a stress applied by the fluid.

We study the well-posedness of a steady stale problem: we consider a two-dimensional viscous incompressible flow, which is modeled bv the Navier-Stokes equations. The structure is a rigid moving disc. The fluid domain depends on time and is defined by the position of the structure, itself resulting from a stress distribution coming from the fluid. The problem is then nonlinear and the equations we deal with are coupled. We prove its local solvability in time though two fixed point procedures.

We study the well-posedness of an unsteady fluid-structure interaction problem. We consider a viscous incompressible flow, which is modelled by the Navier-Stokes equations. The structure is a collection of rigid moving bodies. The fluid domain depends on time and is defined by the position of the structure, itself resulting from a stress distribution coming from the fluid. The problem is then nonlinear and the equations we deal with are coupled. We prove its local solvability in time through two fixed point procedures.