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Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. is commonly used to treat vascular diseases because of its activity ingredients, phenolic acids, and tanshinones. Polysaccharide fraction (PSF) extracted from Trichoderma atroviride D16 could promote tanshinone accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to describe the global gene expression of PSF-treatment hairy roots, and data analyses showed enzymes of tanshinone biosynthetic pathways were up-regulated, and genes associated to signal molecules and transcription factors were responsive. Endogenous H2 O2, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide contents were measured after PSF treatment, while tanshinone accumulations were measured with treatment of exogenous H 2 O 2 or H2 O2 inhibitor on PSF-treatment S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. The results showed H2 O2 was important in tanshinone biosynthesis caused by PSF and nitric oxide might be the downstream molecules of H2 O2. Taken together, the study indicates that D16 PSF enhances the accumulation of tanshinones through enzymes of tanshinone biosynthetic pathways, signal molecules, and transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid rice Fanyou 7206 (FY7206), derived from the cross between a sterile line Fanyuan A and a restorer line Fuhui 7206, was bred by the Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. FY7206 was characterized by moderate blast resistance, cold tolerance, as well as wide adaptability, and high yields. The blast resistance results indicated that the frequencies of blast races in race B, race C and the total resistance frequency for FY7206 were 95.5%, 100.0% and 97.2%, respectively. The disease resistance results showed that the leaf blast grade for FY7206 was level 1 and panicle blast was level 5. The indoor spray results indicated that FY7206 was resistant to 11 isolates of Magnorpathe oryzae . The blast resistance of FY7206 might be derived from the high expression of blast resistance gene Pid3 . The results for simulated cold resistance in an artificial climate chamber indicated that the cold tolerance for FY7206 was moderate at the booting and flowering stages. The cold tolerance results also indicated that FY7206 could be tolerant to temperatures as low as 10 °C at the seedling stage. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression of cold tolerance gene Ctb1 in FY7206 was relatively high. These results suggested that FY7206 is a hybrid indica rice variety with good comprehensive characteristics, including blast resistance and cold tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system. Methods The appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated. Results One mgIL ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHCI3FP, but sometimes might increase CHCI2BrFP and CHCIBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (B AC) filter could effectively reduce CHC13FP and CHC12BrFP, but increase CHC1Br2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHCIBr2FP. Conclusion The combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHC13FP, and CHCI2BrFP and also bring bromate under control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the reduction of chlorination by-products (CBPs) precursors using the fluidized-bed biofilm reactor (FBBR). Methods Reduction of total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance (UV254), trihalomethane (THM) formation potential (THMFP), haloacetic acid (HAA) formation potential (HAAFP), and ammonia in FBBR were evaluated in detail. Results The reduction of TOC or UV254 was low, on average 12.6% and 4.7%, respectively, while the reduction of THMFP and HAAFP was significant. The reduction of ammonia was 30%-40% even below 3°C, however, it could quickly rise to over 50% above 3°C. Conclusions The FBBR effectively reduces CBPs and ammonia in drinking water even at low temperature and seems to be a very promising and competitive drinking water reactor for polluted surface source waters, especially in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether the functional genetic polymorphisms of the β[sub 2]-adrenergic receptor (β[sub 2]AR) that result in changes in amino acid residues 16 and 27 are associated with preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study comparing the distribution of β[sub 2]AR genotype between 251 Hispanic women delivered at term and 28 Hispanic women delivered preterm. Preterm delivery was defined as spontaneous onset of labor resulting in delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, in a singleton pregnancy, with no apparent etiology for preterm labor and delivery. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and β[sub 2]AR alleles were identified by established techniques. RESULTS: Only one woman (4%) with preterm labor was homozygous for Arg16 versus 79 (31%) in the control group (P = .01, odds ratio 0.08). There was no association of preterm labor with genotype at position 27. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that homozygosity for Argl 6, which in vitro is associated with decreased down-regulation of the β[sub 2]AR, protects from preterm delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]