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Hyperglycemia is the most important factor leading to the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The primary condition for the treatment of T2DM is to change the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the liver and other insulin‐sensitive tissues. The current study aims to unearth the potential molecular mechanism of inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis to provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of T2DM. High glucose (HG) induction of HepG2 cells followed by treatment with sequence‐similar family 3 member D (FAM3D). Dual specificity phosphatases 1 (DUSP1), zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36), salt‐induced kinase 1 (SIK1), p‐SIK1, posphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) gene and protein expression level were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The PEPCK and G6Pase activities were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glucose production assay to determine glucose content. The RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect the binding of ZFP36 to SIK1. FAM3D facilitated the expression of DUSP1 but suppressed the expression of gluconeogenesis‐related factors in an HG environment. The expression of ZFP36 was up‐regulated in an HG environment. ZFP36 could reverse the inhibition of gluconeogenesis caused by FAM3D. HG‐induced upregulation of ZFP36 was downregulated by overexpression of DUSP1. ZFP36 bound to SIK1, and downregulation of ZFP36 promoted SIK1 expression and inhibits gluconeogenesis. Our study demonstrated FAM3D inhibited gluconeogenesis through the DUSP1/ZFP36/SIK1 axis in an HG environment, which provided a new theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment strategy of T2DM.

Purpose This study enhances the efficiency of predicting complications in lung cancer patients receiving proton therapy by utilizing large language models (LLMs) and meta-analytical techniques for literature quality assessment.Materials and Methods We integrated systematic reviews with LLM evaluations, sourcing studies from Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, managed via EndNote X20. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured literature relevance. Techniques included meta-analysis, heterogeneity assessment using Cochran’s Q test and I2statistics, and subgroup analyses for different complications. Quality and bias risk were assessed using the PROBAST tool and further analyzed with models such as ChatGPT-4, Llama2-13b, and Llama3-8b. Evaluation metrics included AUC, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and time efficiency (WPM).Results The meta-analysis revealed an overall effect size of 0.78 for model predictions, with high heterogeneity observed (I2= 72.88%, P< 0.001). Subgroup analysis for radiation-induced esophagitis and pneumonitis revealed predictive effect sizes of 0.79 and 0.77, respectively, with a heterogeneity index (I2) of 0%, indicating that there were no significant differences among the models in predicting these specific complications. A literature assessment using LLMs demonstrated that ChatGPT-4 achieved the highest accuracy at 90%, significantly outperforming the Llama3 and Llama2 models, which had accuracies ranging from 44% to 62%. Additionally, LLM evaluations were conducted 3229 times faster than manual assessments were, markedly enhancing both efficiency and accuracy. The risk assessment results identified nine studies as high risk, three as low risk, and one as unknown, confirming the robustness of the ChatGPT-4 across various evaluation metrics.Conclusion This study demonstrated that the integration of large language models with meta-analysis techniques can significantly increase the efficiency of literature evaluations and reduce the time required for assessments, confirming that there are no significant differences among models in predicting post proton therapy complications in lung cancer patients.

BL02U2 of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a surface diffraction beamline with a photon flux of 5.5 × 1012photons/s at 10 keV and a beam size of 160 µm × 80 µm at the sample site. It is dedicated to studying surfaces (solid–vacuum, solid–gas) and interfaces (solid–solid, solid–liquid, and liquid–liquid) in nanoscience, condensed matter, and soft matter systems using various surface scattering techniques over an energy range of 4.8–28 keV with transmission and reflection modes. Moreover, BL02U2 has a high energy resolution, high angular resolution, and low beam divergence, which can provide excellent properties for X-ray diffraction experiments, such as grazing incident X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectivity, crystal truncation rods, and liquid X-ray scattering. Diversity of in situ environments can also be provided for the samples studied. This paper describes the setup of the new beamline and its applications in various fields.

Introduction:Although microwave ablation (MWA) is a promising technique for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, its 10-year efficacy is unknown. Objective:The objective of the study was to assess whether the advances in MWA for HCC translated into a real-world survival benefit. Methods:This retrospective study included 2,354 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 to B from 5 hospitals, with at least 2 years of follow-up for all the patients. Recurrence and survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with time-period stratification. Results:A total of 5,326 HCCs (mean diameter, 2.9 cm ± 1.2) underwent 4,051 sessions of MWA with a median follow-up of 61.3 (0.6–169.5 range) months during 3 periods (2007–2010, 2011–2014, and 2015–2018). Technical success was achieved in 5,194 (97.5%) tumors with significant improvement over time, especially for >3.0-cm HCC (p< 0.001). Local tumor progression (LTP) showed no period-dependent advance, with >3.0-cm HCC and perivascular location being the risk factors for LTP. The median intrahepatic metastasis time was 27.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.2–28.8) months, with 5- and 10-year occurrence rates of 68.8% and 79.4%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survivals were 63.9% and 41.1%, respectively, and BCLC stage 0, A, and all B patients showed an observable survival improvement over time (p< 0.001). The median disease-free survival time increased from 19.4 (95% CI: 16.5–22.6) months in 2007–2010 to 28.1 (95% CI: 25.9–32.3) months in 2015–2018. The improved survival for early recurrent (≤2 years) patients was period-dependent, as verified by Cox regression analyses. The major complications rate per procedure was 3.0% (122/4,051). Conclusions:These real-world data show that MWA provided an upward trend in survival for HCC patients with BCLC stage 0–B over a 12-year follow-up period. An encouraging clear survival benefit in early recurrent patients was also observed.

•RPF2 was highly expressed in HCC•Expression level of RPF2 was associated with prognosis and clinical pathological factors in HCC patients•RPF2 played a promoting role in HCC progression

Sorafenib is the first-line treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is a lack of validated biomarkers to predict sorafenib sensitivity. In this study we investigated the role of ACSL4, a positive-activating enzyme of ferroptosis, in sorafenib-induced cell death and HCC patient outcome. We showed that ACSL4 protein expression was negatively associated with IC50values of sorafenib in a panel of HCC cell lines (R?=?-0.952, P?

The application of LuBO3:Ce3+(LBO:Ce) crystal as an excellent scintillation material has been limited due to its poor phase stability at high temperature or high pressure, so improving the phase stability is essential for promoting its development. Ga stabilized LuBO3:Ce3+(LGBO:Ce) is synthesized by solid-state reaction at 1200 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra at ambient pressure show that all the samples are pure calcite phase. In situ high-pressure synchrotron radiation XRD patterns illustrate that calcite phase LGBO:Ce exhibits more excellent phase stability than that of LBO:Ce under high pressure due to the superior compressibility of the [GaO6] octahedral unit. The optical band gap of LGBO decreases from 5.58 to 4.64 eV after introducing 10% Ga, which leads to the decreased nonradiative transition and about double luminescence intensity as expected. More interestingly, the charge transition from O2–to Ce4+is observed at about 290 nm in the absorption spectra. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate the ratio of Ce4+/Ce3+increases with increasing concentration of Ga3+, which can be attributed to the variation of energy separation between the 4f ground state of Ce3+and the Fermi energy level position. In contrast to the enhancement of PL intensity, the integrated X-ray excited luminescence intensity decreases after Ga3+incorporation attributing to the result of both decreased effective atomic number and ionization energy between 5d1level and conduction band. The thermal luminescence spectra show that after the incorporation of Ga3+the oxygen vacancy and intrinsic defects in LBO remain unchanged but that the concentration of oxygen vacancy significantly reduces. The mechanism of Ga3+incorporation on phase stability and luminescence properties of

C24H21F6NO3, monoclinic, P21/c(no. 14), a= 16.0076(10) Å, b= 7.7424(4) Å, c= 17.3259(11) Å, β= 96.161(5)°, V= 2134.9(2) Å3, Z= 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0563, wRref(F2) = 0.1517, T= 100.0(1) K.

C19H14F4O2, monoclinic, P21/c(no. 14), a= 11.8614(10) Å, b= 7.9148(6) Å, c= 16.7999(16) Å, β= 99.150(9)°, V= 1557.1(2) Å3, Z= 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0446, wRref(F2) = 0.1150, T= 100 K.

Study Design:Hospital-based retrospective studyObjectives:To evaluate the pathogenetic features of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) during 1999–2016 according to changed injury etiology with time, explore different characteristics of patients suffered a TSCI during 1999–2007 and 2008–2016 in Tianjin, China.Setting:Tianjin Medical University General HospitalMethods:In this study, the medical records of TSCI patients were obtained from Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (TMUGH) from 1st January 1999 to 31th December 2016. Variables were recorded, including age, gender occupation, etiology, the level of injury, America Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, the severity, concomitant injuries, death and its cause. To explore the differences in characteristics by etiology and by two periods, related statistical methods were used to calculate the correlation of some variables. Differences in etiology of TSCI during 1999–2016 were evaluated and differences in epidemiological characteristics were separately compared and analyzed between the 1999–2007 period and the 2008–2016 period.Results:From 1999–2016, 831 TSCI cases were identified and 96 cases were excluded from analyses. The male-to-female ratio was 2.9:1 and the mean age was 49.7±15.2 years, which changed significantly between 1999–2007 (45.1±14.2) and 2008–2016 (51.6±15.2). Traffic accidents (45.8%) were the leading cause of TSCI during the 1999–2007 period, followed by low falls (30.7%). However, the opposite result was observed during the 2008–2016 period. Significant difference was observed compared with thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels, cervical level was the most commonly affected levels and the percentage decreased to a certain degree between 1999–2007 and 2008–2016 (from 84.4% to 68.9%). The proportions of ASIA grades A, B, C, and D were 20.5%, 10.3%, 23.3%, and 45.9%, respectively. The percentage of complete tetraplegia decreased from 22.9% in 1999–2007 to 13.2% in 2008–2016, and the percentage of incomplete paraplegia increased from 9.7% to 27.9%.Conclusion:According to the changes in the epidemiological characteristics of TSCI, relevant health service, laws and regulations, preventative strategies should be readjusted to follow up the changing situation and epidemiological characteristics of TSCI.

The oxygen evolution reaction is a crucial step in water electrolysis to develop clean and renewable energy. Although noble metal-based catalysts have demonstrated high activity for the oxygen evolution reaction, their application is limited by their high cost and low availability. Here we report the use of a molecule-to-cluster strategy for preparing ultrasmall trimetallic clusters by using the polyoxometalate molecule as a precursor. Ultrafine (0.8 nm) transition-metal clusters with controllable chemical composition are obtained. The transition-metal clusters enable highly efficient oxygen evolution through water electrolysis in alkaline media, manifested by an overpotential of 192 mV at 10 mA cm–2, a low Tafel slope of 36 mV dec–1, and long-term stability for 30 h of electrolysis. We note, however, that besides the excellent performance as an oxygen evolution catalyst, our molecule-to-cluster strategy provides a means to achieve well-defined transition-metal clusters in the subnanometer regime, which potentially can have an impact on several other applications.

High-speed machining provides an efficient approach for machining Inconel 718 with high quality and high efficiency. For high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface, the geometrical characteristics are changing continuously leading to a sharp fluctuation of cutting force, which will aggravate the tool wear. As the wear mechanism of coated cutting tool is seriously affected by the cutting tool geometrical parameters, suitable geometrical parameters of cutting tool should be selected to avoid the cutting tool from being worn out very quickly. In this study, the influence of cutting tool geometrical parameters on tool wear in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface is investigated with coated cutting tool, and the cutting force in milling process is also analyzed. The results show that the cutting force variation can manifest the tool wear degree, and the failure type of coated cutting tool in plane milling and curved surface milling after the same cutting length is different. Furthermore, the cutting tool geometrical parameters seriously affect the tool wear and the tool life in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface. Concretely, the small rake angle has greater strength and has superiority, the relief angle increasing can enhance the tool life, and the tool life is decreased with the increasing of helix angle for the cutting tool, whose helix angle is larger than 30°. This study provides a theoretical basis for cutting tool wear mechanism and cutting tool geometrical parameter selection in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface, so as to guarantee the machining efficiency in high-speed milling of Inconel 718 curved surface.

Background and aimsThe unique expression pattern makes oncofetal proteins ideal diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. However, few oncofetal proteins have been identified and entered clinical practice.MethodsFetal liver, adult liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues were employed to assess the expression of hepatic leukaemia factor (HLF). The impact of HLF on HCC onset and progression was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The association between HLF and patient prognosis was determined in patient cohorts. The correlation between HLF expression and sorafenib benefits in HCC was further evaluated in patient cohorts and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs).ResultsHLF is a novel oncofetal protein which is reactivated in HCC by SOX2 and OCT4. Functional studies revealed that HLF transactivates c-Jun to promote tumour initiating cell (TIC) generation and enhances TIC-like properties of hepatoma cells, thus driving HCC initiation and progression. Consistently, our clinical investigations elucidated the association between HLF and patient prognosis and unravelled the close correlation between HLF levels and c-Jun expression in patient HCCs. Importantly, HLF/c-Jun axis determines the responses of hepatoma cells to sorafenib treatment, and interference of HLF abrogated c-Jun activation and enhanced sorafenib response. Analysis of patient cohorts and PDXs further suggests that HLF/c-Jun axis might serve as a biomarker for sorafenib benefits in HCC patients.ConclusionsOur findings uncovered HLF as a novel oncofetal protein and revealed the crucial role of the HLF/c-Jun axis in HCC development and sorafenib response, rendering HLF as an optimal target for the prevention and intervention of HCC.

•Cutting-amount planning for machining deformation homogenization is proposed.•Instantaneous cutting-amount is planned according to position-dependent rigidity.•Machining with planned cutting-amount decreases deformation error variance.•Deformation homogenization is achieved for thin-walled surface machining.•Machining deformation homogenization makes deformation compensation easily.

The Yangtze River Delta characterized by a dense population and a rapidly developing economy is highly vulnerable to sea-level rise. The data from the China Oceanic Information Network and the Zhejiang Provincial Hydrology Bureau are used to analyze sea-level rise. The rate of sea-level rise in the delta was 2.4 mm per year in 1981–2015. The annual sea-level at Daishan, Dinghai, and Dongtou stations in the south wing of the delta were 4.3, 3.1, and 5 mm per year respectively over the same period. The 10-year averaged results at each station also indicate a perceptible trend of sea-level rise. Sea-level rise is contributed to a larger proportion of intensified erosion, ranging from 3% to 14% in the delta. Meanwhile, the 100-year return period of tidal level has decreased to the 50-year rank at Dongtou and Dinghai stations. Moreover, the arrival time of tidal bores at Yanguan is 4 min earlier under sea-level rise of 0.145 m than that of 0 m. The height of tidal bores and the velocities at the surface and bottom layers have an increase under sea-level rise. The maximum increases of high and low tide levels are 0.122 m and 0.016 m while the maximum increases of the velocities at the surface and bottom layers are 0.07 m s−1and 0.05 m s−1, respectively. Sea-level rise will bring about the damage of seawall, thus the design standard of constructing seawalls should adopt a higher level to minimize the associated risks in the Yangtze River Delta and its south wing.

Purpose:The present study retrospectively analyzed thesafety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided cryoablationin the treatment ofunresectable or recurrent advanced colorectal cancer, which did not respond well to or experienced progression with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Free radicals are reactive molecules involved in many physiological processes and have been associated with many diseases, such as cancer, arthritis and liver injury. As a result, there is need to explore substances with free radical scavenging and or antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of leaf and stem of Grewia carpinifoliausing various in vitromodels. Ascorbic acid was used as the reference in the study. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) quenching assay, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation decolorization test, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) Assay systems were selected for the present experiment. The ability of the extracts to inhibit lipid oxidation was measured using Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) assay. The extracts were used at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1mg/ml concentrations and radical scavenging activity was determined in terms of inhibition percentage. The IC50(concentration required for 50% inhibition) was also calculated for each radical. The study revealed that Grewia carpinifoliahas a high radical scavenging activity in the various radical systems. The total phenolic content was 19.08±1.21mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract and 14.85±1.09mg GAE/g extract for the leaf and stem respectively while the flavonoid content was 9.00±0.13 and 13.22±1.53mg quercetin/g extract. The antioxidant activity of Grewia carpinifoliaextract may be due to the high level of flavonoids and phenols in the plant.

Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of traumatic spinal cord injury in Chongqing, China.Study design: Hospital-based retrospective research.Setting: Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing.Methods: We reviewed medical records of 554 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) admitted to Xinqiao Hospital from 2009 to 2013. Variables included gender, age, marital status, etiology, occupation, time of injury, level of injury, and severity of injury, the length of hospital stay, and treatment.Results: The mean age of patients with TSCI was 45.6 ± 13.8 years, and the male/female ratio was 4.33:1. 94.2% (522 patients) of all patients with TSCI were married. Falls, comprising low falls and high falls (10.8% and 50.9%, respectively), were the leading reason for a hospital visit. And the second reason was MVCs (21.8%). The most common injury site was the cervical spinal cord, accounting for nearly more than 54%. The length of hospital stay ranged between 1 and 219 days (mean: 28.3 days). The proportions of complete tetraplegia, incomplete tetraplegia, complete paraplegia and incomplete paraplegia were 17.1%, 37.8%, 22.2%, and 22.9%, respectively.Conclusion: The result revealed that the proportion of males was higher, as well as falls and MVCs were the first two main reasons, with older mean age of patients with TSCI than other countries. The occupations with highest risk for TSCI were peasants and laborers. All of these results prompted that preventive methods should be based on the characteristics of different type of patients with TSCI.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Various genetic and environmental factors have been identified to contribute to etiology of MS and NMO. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4), is the most abundant water channel in CNS. AQP4is expressed in astrocytes of the brain, spinal cord, optic nerve and supportive cells in sensory organs. In contrast to MS, immunoreactivity of AQP4is abolished in NMO lesions. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between AQP4polymorphisms and demyelinating disorders. Considering the ethnic differences of genetic variations, replications in other cohorts are required. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AQP4gene in patients with NMO/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and MS in the Northern Han Chinese population were examined. Six selected AQP4SNPs were genotyped by high-resolution melting (HRM) method. Compared with healthy control (HC), there was no significant difference of AQP4allele and genotype frequency in MS or NMO/NMOSD group. This study showed no significant association of common AQP4SNPs with MS or NMO/NMOSD, strongly suggesting that polymorphisms of AQP4gene are unlikely to confer MS or NMO/NMOSD susceptibility, at least in Northern Han Chinese population.

Posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is a serious complication after hepatectomy, and its effective methods for preoperative prediction are lacking. Here, we aim to identify predictive factors and build a nomogram to evaluate patients’ risk of developing PHLF.

AbstractExcessive nitrogen and phosphorus discharge into natural water from wastewater treatment plants still have the potential of causing eutrophication. How to remove those excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in an appropriate way is welcome in practice. This study co-removed nitrate and phosphorus via the operation of commercial 201 × 7 exchange resin column, and recovered phosphate simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrated that the adsorption of -P onto the 201 × 7 resin satisfactorily fitted to Freundlich isotherm, while -N followed Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.47 mg/g for -P and 107.59 mg/g for -N, respectively. Up to 92% of -P and 90% of -N in the secondary effluent were recovered by 201 × 7 resin column under the optimal flow rate of 50 BV/h. The exhausted 201 × 7 resin could be regenerated by 5% NaCl within 1 h at a flow rate of 15 BV/h. Moreover, this regeneration would guarantee the effluent -P and -N are lower than the breakthrough points even when 1175 BV wastewater passed the resin column. These findings are of great significance for ensuring stricter effluent phosphorus and total nitrogen discharge criteria.

Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus discharge into natural water from wastewater treatment plants still have the potential of causing eutrophication. How to remove those excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in an appropriate way is welcome in practice. This study co-removed nitrate and phosphorus via the operation of commercial 201 × 7 exchange resin column, and recovered phosphate simultaneously. Experimental results demonstrated that the adsorption of PO43--P onto the 201 × 7 resin satisfactorily fitted to Freundlich isotherm, while NO3--N followed Langmuir model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.47 mg/g for PO43--P and 107.59 mg/g for NO3--N, respectively. Up to 92% of PO43--P and 90% of NO3--N in the secondary effluent were recovered by 201 × 7 resin column under the optimal flow rate of 50 BV/h. The exhausted 201 × 7 resin could be regenerated by 5% NaCl within 1 h at a flow rate of 15 BV/h. Moreover, this regeneration would guarantee the effluent PO43--P and NO3--N are lower than the breakthrough points even when 1175 BV wastewater passed the resin column. These findings are of great significance for ensuring stricter effluent phosphorus and total nitrogen discharge criteria.

Elastic impedance inversion with high efficiency and high stability has become one of the main directions of seismic pre-stack inversion. The nonlinear elastic impedance inversion method based on a fast Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is proposed in this paper, combining conventional MCMC method based on global optimization with a preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm based on local optimization, so this method does not depend strongly on the initial model. It converges to the global optimum quickly and efficiently on the condition that efficiency and stability of inversion are both taken into consideration at the same time. The test data verify the feasibility and robustness of the method, and based on this method, we extract the effective pore-fluid bulk modulus, which is applied to reservoir fluid identification and detection, and consequently, a better result has been achieved.