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Introduction:Children with retinoblastoma have anesthesia for exams and treatment, but there is little information about how long treatment interventions (laser, cryotherapy, and intravitreal injections) add to routine exams under anesthesia (EUA). This information would be useful for planning operating room schedules, staff schedules, family expectations, and billing. Methods:A retrospective, single-center, Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved review of anesthesia duration for retinoblastoma children undergoing EUA with laser, cryotherapy, or intravitreal injections performed at MSK between January 2019 and November 2023. Results:Three hundred eight patients had 2,399 EUAs. The average EUA lasted 24.3 min (range 7–77 min) when no interventions were done. Laser photocoagulation added an average of 18.9 min (range 19–77 min), cryotherapy 26.1 min (range 27–75 min), and intravitreal injection 23.5 min (range 10–71 min) to the basic EUA time. Bilateral laser treatments took 8 min longer than unilateral treatments. Conclusion:EUAs for children with retinoblastoma can be performed relatively quickly. Interventions such as laser, cryotherapy, or intravitreal injections roughly double the time under anesthesia but in some cases can take much longer (>1 h).

The mainstay of treatment for early-stage follicular lymphoma is local radiotherapy, with a possible role for anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb). We aimed to evaluate the effect of these treatments using a measurable residual disease (MRD)-driven approach.

This original paper, based on data from the Erasmus+Blurred Lives Project, presents a new multi-dimensional categorisation model to describe negative online experiences, including forms of cyberbullying, based on a study of internet usage among over N = 2,500 adolescents with lower socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds across five European countries. The paper first sets out the rationale for the development of a new coding system, before describing the current study and nature of the survey data collected. There follows a description of the development of the new system and the series of reliability checks undertaken by the research team (N= 11, from 5 countries) and of the refinements made to the categories and codes. The resulting coding system is presented with consideration of the strengths and limitations, and description of two early pilot studies which have successfully adopted the new system.

•An improved pegaspargase-modified MRD and risk-oriented regimen was prospectively tested in adults aged 18-65 years with Ph–ALL/LL.•Three-year survival rates were >60% with HCT or chemotherapy, further improved by MRD negativity and age ≤40 years.

ABSTRACTIntroductionAdvances in pharmacotherapies that target cell cycle in breast cancer have transformed the therapeutic armamentarium of breast oncology leading to the approval of CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy as the upfront treatment in the HR+/HER2- metastatic setting. The current challenge is to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the early setting. The current challenge is to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the early setting. Research is also making progress for other breast cancer subtypes (triple negative and HER 2+ breast cancer).Areas coveredThe aim of this review is to summarize the recent therapeutic updates regarding the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the metastatic and early setting for the treatment of HR+/HER2- breast cancer. The review also presents data regarding the clinical role of CDK4/6 inhibitors in HER2+, triple negative breast cancer, and on therapeutic sequences in resistant tumors. A comprehensive search for the literature was conducted using MEDLINE, ASCO, ESMO, and SABCS databases.Expert OpinionThe therapeutic paradigm of breast cancer involving CDK4/6 inhibitors presents some still open discussion points. Further evidence regarding the best treatment strategy in HR+ HER2- metastatic breast cancer and the efficacy of CDK 4/6is in the early stage will be necessary in the next future. Predictive biomarkers of response or resistance need to be validated.

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive and often incurable disease. To uncover therapeutic vulnerabilities, we first developed T-ALL patient–derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) and exposed PDX cells to a library of 433 clinical-stage compounds in vitro. We identified 39 broadly active drugs with antileukemia activity. Because endothelial cells (ECs) can alter drug responses in T-ALL, we developed an EC/T-ALL coculture system. We found that ECs provide protumorigenic signals and mitigate drug responses in T-ALL PDXs. Whereas ECs broadly rescued several compounds in most models, for some drugs the rescue was restricted to individual PDXs, suggesting unique crosstalk interactions and/or intrinsic tumor features. Mechanistically, cocultured T-ALL cells and ECs underwent bidirectional transcriptomic changes at the single-cell level, highlighting distinct “education signatures.” These changes were linked to bidirectional regulation of multiple pathways in T-ALL cells as well as in ECs. Remarkably, in vitro EC-educated T-ALL cells transcriptionally mirrored ex vivo splenic T-ALL at single-cell resolution. Last, 5 effective drugs from the 2 drug screenings were tested in vivo and shown to effectively delay tumor growth and dissemination thus prolonging overall survival. In sum, we developed a T-ALL/EC platform that elucidated leukemia-microenvironment interactions and identified effective compounds and therapeutic vulnerabilities.

•We identified active compounds in a library of 22 T-ALL PDX and discovered public and private vulnerabilities•Interacting ECs and T-ALL underwent reciprocal transcriptomic changes

Das Prostatakarzinom ist die häufigste Art von Tumor bei Männern. Im Frühstadium der Erkrankung ist es empfindlich gegenüber einer Androgenentzugstherapie. Bei Patienten mit metastasiertem kastrationssensitivem Prostatakarzinom (mHSPC) haben Chemotherapie und Androgenrezeptortherapien der zweiten Generation zu einer Verlängerung der Überlebenszeit geführt. Trotz der Fortschritte bei der Behandlung des mHSPC ist eine Kastrationsresistenz unvermeidlich, und viele Patienten entwickeln eine metastasierende kastrationsresistente Erkrankung (mCRPC). In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat die Immuntherapie die onkologische Landschaft dramatisch verändert und die Überlebensraten bei vielen Krebsarten erhöht. Allerdings hat die Immuntherapie beim Prostatakarzinom noch nicht die bahnbrechenden Ergebnisse gebracht, die sie bei anderen Tumorarten erzielt hat. Die Erforschung neuer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ist für Patienten mit mCRPC aufgrund der schlechten Prognose sehr wichtig. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit konzentrieren wir uns auf die Gründe für die scheinbare intrinsische Resistenz des Prostatakarzinoms gegenüber der Immuntherapie, die Möglichkeiten zur Überwindung dieser Resistenz sowie die klinische Evidenz und auf neue therapeutische Perspektiven für die Immuntherapie des Prostatakarzinoms mit einem Blick in die Zukunft.

Background: Since the incidence of cancer increases with age, in older cancer patients important information may be missed without a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). On the other side, CGA is a time-consuming and complex instrument, so that Geriatric 8 (G8) has been proposed as a more feasible screening tool to identify patients who could benefit from a CGA evaluation. G8 consists of 8 questions (patient age + 7 items derived from the Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire). A G8 score ≤ 14 is considered associated with frailty and risk of malnutrition. Another screening test is Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (Bioimpedentiometry, BIA), which enables to evaluate the nutritional status through a specific parameter known as Phase angle (PhA). This study is aimed at assessing the ability of G8 alone or in combination with PhA to detect elderly cancer patients at higher risk for malnutrition who cannot undergo immediate anticancer treatments. Methods: A total of 289 cancer patients (168 men and 121 women) aged ≥ 70 years old were enrolled and performed both G8 test, body mass index (BMI) and BIA assessments. A concurrent G8 score ≤ 14 and PhA < 5 defined subjects most exposed to the risk of malnutrition. Results: An association between BMI and G8 (p < 0.001, OR 1.54) and a clinically significant relationship between G8 and PhA (p = 0.013) were observed. Conclusion: G8 can be used to identify patients at risk for malnutrition who would benefit from comprehensive CGA. The concurrent use of G8 and BIA presents a higher power in discriminating subjects at higher risk of malnutrition than a single test. This study suggests the need for routine assessment of nutritional status in cancer patients using combinations of methods, in order to implement strategies for individually-tailored care before starting any treatment.

Background: Improvement in the prognosis of lymphomas in recent decades has allowed focus on reducing long-term toxicity of treatment, including infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the fertility preservation knowledge and practices among hematologic centers affiliated with Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL) in Italy.Methods: A survey questionnaire was provided to 152 FIL centers between December 2019 and December 2020.Results: Responses from 58 centers (38%) were received. All respondents reported informing patients about treatment-related gonadotoxicity. A minority of patients (10% female, 20% male) refused fertility preservation due to personal reasons. The most common fertility preservation options offered to female patients were mature oocyte cryopreservation (43.1%), ovarian tissue cryopreservation (6.9%), and mature oocyte or ovarian tissue cryopreservation (39.7%). Six centers (10.3%) did not perform any procedures. All centers offered sperm cryopreservation for male patients. Challenges regarding the time intervals between lymphoma diagnosis and fertility consultation (up to 20 days) as well as between consultation and fertility preservation procedure (up to 40 days) were revealed.Conclusions: This survey provides insight into fertility preservation practices among Italian hematologic centers and points out an urgent need to improve close cooperation between hematologists and fertility preservation specialists in order to avoid unacceptable delays in lymphoma treatment.

Granite extraction waste represents an interesting alternative material for porcelain stoneware production, but information on its influence presents several gaps. For this reason, two different wastes were selected: a coarser iron-rich material from magnetic separation and a finer one from conveyance and abatement systems. Both were physically and chemically characterized. Batches were formulated by partial substitution of feldspar and technological behaviour of bodies was assessed by simulating the industrial manufacture at laboratory scale. Tiles were shaped by uniaxial pressure and fired by fast firing in electric roller kiln. The effect of waste addition was evaluated during the whole production process. Fired samples were characterized in terms of technological properties, mineralogical composition and microstructure evolution. The formulation optimization reduces firing temperature getting commercial technological constraints. A further increase of finer waste content affects compaction and mechanical strength. The presence of micaceous particles after the firing process may act as cracks initiation.

Purpose: This article investigates how Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be integrated into the strategic planning and management processes of local governments (LGs). It draws from the classic strategic planning and control framework developed in management studies and elaborates some propositions for adapting, implementing and monitoring the SDGs at the city level. Design/methodology/approach: As a first step in the assessment of the ways the principles of sustainable development can be integrated into LG management, this research scrutinizes the incorporation of sustainability goals in the strategic plans of all medium-to-large capital cities of provinces in Italy, a context in which there has been a National Strategy for Sustainable Development (NSSD) since 2016. Findings: The focus on SDGs at the LG level in Italy is in its initial stage, and few capital cities have started to integrate sustainable development concerns into their comprehensive strategic plans. SDGs are used mainly as a reference framework in the strategic plans to demonstrate the contribution of LG strategies to global concerns on sustainable development. Practical implications: The paper offers insights for political leaders and public managers to rethink their strategic management systems, including the continuous process of evaluating and updating of strategic plans, in accordance with the multidimensional perspective of sustainability. To this end, the study has identified possible patterns of actions that public managers elsewhere will find useful. Originality/value: The managerial approach behind the proposed conceptual framework might contribute to effectively localize the SDGs in multilevel government settings and to integrate the concept of sustainability as a guiding principle into organizational routines.

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Background:During the COVID-19 pandemic, many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) centres had to reorganise their work, and multidisciplinary teams, including IBD nurses, have had to try to deliver services to patients as safely as possible.Aims:This survey aimed to assess the thoughts, opinions and feelings of IBD patients on biologics regarding the efforts of IBD nurses to organise care during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:An evaluation survey based on an anonymous questionnaire was distributed to IBD nurses in five Italian IBD centres, in parallel.Findings:Of 306 participants, 55.6% had Crohn's disease and 44.4% had ulcerative colitis. Most (79.1%) were aware of the specialist IBD nurse role, and 75.8% could distinguish it from generalist nurses. Of patients, 99.7% felt IBD nurses were competent to care for their condition and 91.2% felt that IBD nurses could provide valid scientific information. Meanwhile, 81.4% had a good or excellent relationship with their IBD nurse. Patients reported that most nurses wore personal protective equipment (94.4%), promoted self-care (91.8%), asked about presence of fever or cough (84.3%), asked about patient health status (83.7%) and covered pandemic safety and social distancing rules (69.3%), but fewer spoke about patient mood (44.4%) or relevant benefits, rules and exemptions (26.8%). Most participants (77.8%) faced pandemic-related issues for infusions. Nearly all (97.4%) knew immunosuppressed people were vulnerable to COVID-19, but only 42.8% spoke to their nurse about it. Some 61.8% of patients were concerned about COVID-19, but only 39.2% raised this with the IBD nurse. However, many more patients spoke to a nurse about concerns regarding biologics (41.8%) and worsening IBD symptoms (46.4%) in the pandemic than the actual number experiencing these issues (13.7% and 4.3%, respectively).Conclusion:The results show that IBD patients appreciate the role of the specialist nurse in their care.

To date, the virtual multidisciplinary tumor boards (vMTBs) are increasingly used to achieve high-quality treatment recommendations across health-care regions, which expands and develops the local MTB team to a regional or national expert network. This review describes the process of lung cancer-specific MTBs and the transition process from face-to-face tumor boards to virtual ones. The review also focuses on the project organization's description, advantages, and disadvantages. Semi-structured interviews identified five major themes for MTBs: current practice, attitudes, enablers, barriers, and benefits for the MTB. MTB teams exhibited positive responses to modeled data feedback. Virtualization reduces time spent for travel, allowing easier and timely patient discussions. This process requires a secure web platform to assure the respect of patients’ privacy and presents the same unanswered problems. The implementation of vMTB also permits the implementation of networks especially in areas with geographical barriers facilitating interaction between large referral cancer centers and tertiary or community hospitals as well as easier access to clinical trial opportunities. Studies aimed to improve preparations, structure, and conduct of MTBs, research methods to monitor their performance, teamwork, and outcomes are also outlined in this article. Analysis of literature shows that MTB participants discuss 5–8 cases per meeting and that the use of a vMTB for lung cancer and in particular stage III NSCLC and complex stage IV cases is widely accepted by most health professionals. Despite still-existing gaps, overall vMTB represents a unique opportunity to optimize patient management in a patient-centered approach.

Several outpatient models for the follow-up of cancer survivors have been developed worldwide. A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary to guarantee the best monitoring of long-term toxicities. Guidelines also indicate a close education on healthy lifestyles. In this context, we have analyzed the Italian follow-up modalities of lymphoma survivors, with the aim to have a starting line to hypothesize and plan the best model for Italian hematology centers.

T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) with any JAK2gene fusion is rarely reported. Here, we report a case of T-ALL with a novel TBL1XR1-JAK2gene fusion in a 5-year-old boy. His lab showed a high white blood cell count, mild anemia, moderate thrombocytopenia, and concurrently increased eosinophils (absolute eosinophil count: 4 × 10^9/L). Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate smears showed > 90% mononucleated blasts. Flow cytometry on peripheral blood revealed a large blast population positive for CD2, surface CD3 (< 25%), CD10 (50%), CD5, CD7, CD4, CD8, TdT, CD1a (60%), and CD45. Conventional karyotype analysis showed t(3;9)(q26;p24) and t(11;14)(p13;q11.2)/TCRD-LMO2. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified a novel TBL1XR1-JAK2gene fusion in a sequencing depth of 180 × by RNAseq, FBXW7 R465Hmutation, and loss of exons 2–3 of CDKN2A/Bby DNAseq. Follow-up bone marrow aspirate on day-28 post-induction therapy revealed no morphologic evidence of residual leukemia. We believe that the TBL1XR1-JAK2fusion may behave in a similar functional manner to the PCM1-JAK2fusion gene and constitutes a new variant of this family and a potential target of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy.

Despite the availability of several antiemetics, clinical findings show that control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) continues to be a serious concern for hematological patients, mainly for those receiving multiple-day (MD) and high-dose (HD) chemotherapy (CT). For CINV prophylaxis, 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 receptor antagonists (5HT3-RAs) and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) are usually administered together with dexamethasone, which may increase the risk of serious infections in patients undergoing myeloablative treatment. The rationale of this multicenter, open-label and phase IIa study was to explore the efficacy of multiple doses of NEPA (netupitant/palonosetron) given as an every-other-day regimen without dexamethasone in preventing CINV in patients with relapsed-refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (R/R-NHL), eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and treated with MD-HD-CT. Seventy patients participated to the study. According to the adopted Fleming one-stage design, the primary endpoint of this study was achieved. The CR values were 87.1% (primary endpoint, overall phase: days 1–8), 88.6% (acute phase: days 1–6), and 98.6% (delayed phase: days 7–8), while complete control (CR with no more than mild nausea) was 85.7% (overall phase), 88.6% (acute phase), and 95.7% (delayed phase). Moderate and severe episodes of nausea were reported by less than 10% of patients in the overall phase and less than 5% in both the acute and delayed phases. Regarding safety, NEPA was well tolerated with only one adverse event (constipation) evaluated as possibly related to NEPA administration. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that multiple alternate dosing of NEPA without the addition of dexamethasone is highly effective for preventing nausea and vomiting in this difficult setting, with a good tolerability profile.

Several small studies on patients with COVID-19 and haematological malignancies are available showing a high mortality in this population. The Italian Hematology Alliance on COVID-19 aimed to collect data from adult patients with haematological malignancies who required hospitalisation for COVID-19.

Purpose: Studies on how accounting is involved in financial crises and austerity are limited. The context of austerity provides an interesting opportunity to explore the role of accounting in shaping governmental financial resilience, i.e. the capacity of governments to cope with shocks affecting their financial conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Based on a multiple case analysis of eight Italian municipalities, this paper explores how accounting contributes to the government capacities which are used to anticipate and respond to shocks affecting public finances. Findings: Municipalities cope with financial shocks differently; accounting can support self–regulation and can affect internally-led or externally-led adaptation. Different combinations of anticipatory and coping capacities lead to different responses to shocks. Practical implications: The findings can be useful for public managers, policymakers and oversight bodies for strengthening governmental financial resilience in the face of crises and austerity. Originality/value: The results provide evidence of the conditions, contexts, processes under which accounting becomes a medium which can support both anticipation of and coping with financial shocks, supporting cuts in some cases and resistance in the short run or driving long-term changes intended to maintain public services as much intact as possible. This highlights the existence of different patterns of governmental financial resilience and thus indicates ways of best preserving the service of the public interest.

Previous research showed that bullying experiences are associated with different ways of interpreting and behaving in bullying dynamics. However, it remains uncertain whether these distinctions can already be present during the first step of information processing: the allocation of attention.

Waste recycling has become an important issue in the environmental sustainability of mining operations. Beneficiation of borate ores produces a boron-bearing sludge, which utilization in ceramic manufacturing may lower the process energy demand. A case-study was carried out on a sludge coming from the processed ore of an evaporite located at the Tincalayu mine in the Salta province, Argentina. The use in vitrified tiles of this sludge was appraised addressing key-points in processing and product performances. The sludge was added to stoneware batches (up to 10% wt.) and tested at the laboratory scale. It consists of feldspars, quartz, illite and chlorite, plus ulexite (6.4% B2O3) that turns this sludge into a powerful flux. The waste had a minor effect during milling but allowed an improved compaction. The reactivity during firing was increased: the maximum temperature can be reduced from 1200°C down to 1140°C, according to the amount of sludge added. Stoneware tiles have a suitable technical performance, but the sludge tends to lower bulk density and increase closed porosity. Although the influence on phase composition is apparently limited, the sludge can significantly change the melt composition (enriched in boron and alkaline-earth oxides) which governs the sintering behavior. The actual amount of boron sludge recyclable in vitrified tiles is up to 5% by weight.

Background:In endoscopy, dedicated nursing roles have developed with the growing availability of sophisticated procedures for diagnosis and therapy in gastrointestinal conditions. Endoscopy centres must maintain high standards in terms of facilities, education and staffing to ensure the safety and quality of patient care.Aim:Italy's National Association of Endoscopic Technical Operators-National Association of Gastroenterology and Associated Nurses (ANOTE-ANIGEA) conducted a nationwide survey to assess whether these standards were being met in centres across the regions.Method:A specific questionnaire was prepared and distributed to ANOTE-ANIGEA associates, and data were statistically analysed by using chi-square test or Fisher's test, as appropriate.Results:A total of 176 endoscopy units were surveyed. A recovery room and a distinct dirty-clean area were lacking in 15% and 45% of centres respectively. In 19% of centres, reusable devices were reprocessed with high-level disinfection rather than sterilisation, while reprocessing was not traceable in 23% of centres. The different centres employed a median of six endoscopy nurses, while in a third of centres only one nurse was employed per endoscopy room. In as many as 56% of centres, reprocessing was carried out exclusively by nurses, as no other trained staff were available. Significant differences emerged when comparing data of centres from northern, central and southern Italy, with centres in the south more likely not to meet expected standards.Conclusions:Particular concerns were found regarding reprocessing, especially the lack of a distinct ‘dirty–clean’ route and/or dedicated reprocessing staff in several centres.

Introduction. Primary Mediastinal B Lymphoma (PMBL) is a rare and aggressive neoplasia that typically occurs in young women and is primarily located in the mediastinum. Although the combination of anthracycline and rituximab immunochemotherapy, and PET-guided consolidation radiotherapy, results in a high cure rate, approximately 10-20% of patients show refractoriness or early failure to front-line treatment with a rapid clinical deterioration and a dismal prognosis. These cases, if promptly identified, could benefit from early treatment shift. Therefore, we addressed the development of a clinical score aimed at estimating the risk of early failure of PMBL patients treated with anthracycline-rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy in a real-world nationwide setting.

Introduction:Based on the efficacy of the fixed-duration venetoclax and rituximab combination (VenR) in the setting of relapsed/refractory (R/R) patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we investigated the efficacy and safety of the front-line VenR regimen in young (≤65 years) and fit patients with CLL and an unfavorable biologic profile in the GIMEMA LLC1518 VERITAS trial. Here, we report the 36-month updated results of this phase II, single-arm, multicenter, front-line study for young patients with CLL carrying an unmutated IGHV profile and/or a TP53 disruption.

Introduction.Early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually managed with involved field radiotherapy (IFRT), allowing a complete and long-lasting eradication of the disease in 40-50% of patients (pts). The aim of this multicenter phase II prospective study was to evaluate if a minimal residual disease (MRD)-driven immunotherapy consolidation after IFRT can improve the outcome of pts unlikely to be cured by IFRT only, and to assess the therapeutic effect of IFRT and anti-CD20 consolidation by MRD evaluation.

Introduction.The prognosis of Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has changed profoundly following the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Since 2000, the GIMEMA frontline studies for adult Ph+ ALL patients have been based on a TKI plus steroids in induction without systemic chemotherapy. This has allowed complete hematologic remission (CHR) rates of 94-100%, irrespective of age, with virtually no deaths in induction 1-5. We then designed an induction/consolidation chemotherapy-free frontline trial with dasatinib followed by blinatumomab (GIMEMA LAL2116, D-ALBA). The preliminary results 6,7showed a CHR rate of 98% with 60% of molecular responses at the primary endpoint of the study (after 2 blinatumomab cycles); the OS and DFS were 95% and 88% at 18 months. Here we present the final long-term results of the study.

The ecological process of community assembly is described as the succession of three phases: colonization, regulation and segregation. Early colonization remains the least studied and quantified phase of assembly. In order to fill this gap, an approach combining in situexperiments and modelling was proposed to study colonization by a benthic macrofauna community in open microcosms containing a single, non-limiting resource. The experiment was three months long. A total of 51 taxa were observed in the microcosms, but data analyses of the species composition and abundances revealed that five species, Capitellaspp., Gammaropsis maculata, Erichtionus punctatus, Nereiphylla parettiand Harmothoe mariannae, explained most of the observed variation in the assembly process. The population dynamics of these species were simulated taking into account functional traits that govern individual interactions. The dynamic model simulated a demographic stochasticity due to low population densities that result from the small size of the experimental microcosms. Using this combined approach of experiments and modelling, we showed that predation interactions alone can account for the abundances and species composition of primary consumers during the transient phase of early colonization.

The ecological process of community assembly is described as the succession of three phases: colonization, regulation and segregation. Early colonization remains the least studied and quantified phase of assembly. In order to fill this gap, an approach combining in situexperiments and modelling was proposed to study colonization by a benthic macrofauna community in open microcosms containing a single, non-limiting resource. The experiment was three months long. A total of 51 taxa were observed in the microcosms, but data analyses of the species composition and abundances revealed that five species, Capitellaspp., Gammaropsis maculata, Erichtionus punctatus, Nereiphylla parettiand Harmothoe mariannae, explained most of the observed variation in the assembly process. The population dynamics of these species were simulated taking into account functional traits that govern individual interactions. The dynamic model simulated a demographic stochasticity due to low population densities that result from the small size of the experimental microcosms. Using this combined approach of experiments and modelling, we showed that predation interactions alone can account for the abundances and species composition of primary consumers during the transient phase of early colonization.

Mauro: Astrazeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Jannsen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Octopharma: Consultancy. Reda:Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Trentin:Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Honoraria; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Octapharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Coscia:Shire: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Sportoletti:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Laurenti:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Gaidano:Astrazeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sunesys: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Marasca:Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Shire: Honoraria; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Murru:Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Rigolin:Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Scarfo:Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Marchetti:Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Levato:Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Galieni:Celgene: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Liberati:Verastem: Research Funding; Onconova: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Morphosys: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Incyte: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Molica:Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Visentin:Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Vitale:Janssen: Honoraria. Del Giudice:Janssen: Other: grant for meeting participation; Tolero: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Other: grant for meeting partecipation; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cuneo:Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Foà:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Fixed-duration treatment with venetoclax (Ven), a highly selective Bcl-2 inhibitor combined with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, showed high efficacy inducing high rates of deep responses with undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) in patients with previously treated and untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The efficacy and safety of the Ven and rituximab (VenR) combination have been investigated in a multicenter, prospective study of the GIMEMA group that included young patients with previously untreated CLL (LLC 1518, VERITAS, NCT03455517). The primary endpoint of this study was the CR rate assessed according to the iwCLL criteria.