8 results on '"Gudlaugsson, Olafur"'
Search Results
2. ARDS from miliary tuberculosis successfully treated with ECMO.
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Vesteinsdottir, Edda, Myrdal, Gunnar, Sverrisson, Kristinn O., Skarphedinsdottir, Sigurbjorg J., Gudlaugsson, Olafur, and Karason, Sigurbergur
- Abstract
Abstract Tuberculosis is a rare cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and mortality rates are high in tuberculosis patients that need treatment with mechanical ventilation. Experience of the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in such circumstances is scarce. We report the case of an 18 year old man where prolonged therapy (50 days) with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) allowed extensive lung damage from miliary tuberculosis to heal. The case reflects how challenging the diagnosis of tuberculosis may be and how difficult it is to reach adequate blood levels of anti-tuberculosis drugs while on ECMO. It's also an example of how indications for ECMO have been expanding the last years and that long term ECMO therapy is possible without serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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3. Low Mortality of Staphylococcus aureusBacteremia in Icelandic Children
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Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Kristinsson, Karl G., Vilbergsson, Gauti R., Heiddal, Sigurdur, Haraldsson, Asgeir, Weiland, Ola, and Kristjansson, Mar
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureusis a major cause of blood stream infections, but population-based studies on pediatric S. aureusbacteremia (SAB) are sparse. The objective of the study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of SAB in Icelandic children over time, and to assess the proportions of nosocomial and health-care-associated infections.
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- 2015
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4. Clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria in a nationwide study of adults with S. aureus bacteraemia.
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Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Kristjansson, Mar, Kristinsson, Karl G., and Gudlaugsson, Olafur
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STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus infections ,BACTERIURIA ,BACTEREMIA ,INTENSIVE care units ,RETROSPECTIVE studies - Abstract
Summary: Objectives: To evaluate the clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria (SABU) in adults with S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB). Methods: All individuals ≥18 years old diagnosed with SAB in Iceland between December 1st 2003 and November 30th 2008 were retrospectively identified. Data was collected from medical records. Concomitant SABU was defined as growth of S. aureus in a urine sample taken within 24 h of the index blood culture. Results: SABU was seen in 27 of 166 (16.3%) SAB patients having urine cultured before administration of antibiotics, but after excluding those with SAB of urinary tract origin SABU was seen in 16 of 152 (10.5%). In this latter cohort SABU was independently associated with having endocarditis (RR 6.68; 95% CI 1.53–17.3) and admission to intensive-care unit (RR 2.84; 95% CI 1.25–4.44), while for having complicated SAB the RR was 1.56 (95% CI 0.96–1.80). No correlation was seen with mortality or relapse rates. Conclusions: SABU appears to be secondary to SAB in some cases while it is the primary infection causing SAB in others. In patients with SAB of non-urinary tract origin SABU should probably be regarded as distant haematogenous seeding and a marker of deep tissue dissemination, thus affecting general management and treatment duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2012
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5. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia – Nationwide assessment of treatment adequacy and outcome.
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Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Kristjansson, Mar, Kristinsson, Karl G., and Gudlaugsson, Olafur
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STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus infections ,BACTEREMIA ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DISEASE relapse ,MORTALITY ,ANTIBIOTICS ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Summary: Objectives: To assess the treatment adequacy for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) and its association with outcome on a whole population basis. Methods: All individuals ≥18 years old diagnosed with SAB in Iceland between December 1 2003 and November 30 2008 were retrospectively identified. Clinical data was collected from medical records and adequacy of antibiotic treatment based on antibiotic choice, dose, administration route and treatment duration. Results: Empirical therapy was considered adequate in 262 of 325 (81%) SAB episodes, with no correlation to outcome. The complete antibiotic treatment was deemed adequate in 147 of 279 (53%) episodes. Among patients with complicated SAB median duration of active intravenous therapy was 14 days in those experiencing relapse compared to 30 days in patients without relapse (p = 0.03). No patient died after completing adequate treatment compared to 4 (3.0%) following inadequate therapy (p = 0.01). Despite no overall change being seen in antibiotic treatment, 30-day mortality decreased from 25.0 to 6.8% from first to last year of study (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Appropriate antibiotic therapy for SAB was associated with lower relapse rates and mortality. Although treatment adequacy was regarded as insufficient in half of cases, mortality of SAB in Iceland is amongst the lowest recorded. Summary: In a national study of S. aureus bacteraemia the antibiotic treatment was judged inadequate in 53% of episodes, while appropriate treatment was associated with lower relapse rate and mortality. Despite this, the mortality in Iceland is among the lowest reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2011
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6. Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusin Iceland from 2000 to 2008: a Challenge to Current Guidelines
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Holzknecht, Barbara Juliane, Hardardottir, Hjo¨rdis, Haraldsson, Gunnsteinn, Westh, Henrik, Valsdottir, Freyja, Boye, Kit, Karlsson, Sigfus, Kristinsson, Karl Gustaf, and Gudlaugsson, Olafur
- Abstract
ABSTRACTThe epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is continuously changing. Iceland has a low incidence of MRSA. A “search and destroy” policy (screening patients with defined risk factors and attempting eradication in carriers) has been implemented since 1991. Clinical and microbiological data of all MRSA patients from the years 2000 to 2008 were collected prospectively. Isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), sequencing of the repeat region of the Staphylococcusprotein A gene (spatyping), staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) typing, and screening for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. Two hundred twenty-six infected (60%) or colonized (40%) individuals were detected (annual incidence 2.5 to 16/100,000). From 2000 to 2003, two health care-associated outbreaks dominated (spatypes t037 and t2802), which were successfully controlled with extensive infection control measures. After 2004, an increasing number of community-associated (CA) cases without relation to the health care system occurred. A great variety of clones (40 PFGE types and 49 spatypes) were found, reflecting an influx of MRSA from abroad. The USA300 and Southwest Pacific (SWP) clones were common. SCCmectype IV was most common (72%), and 38% of the isolates were PVL positive. The incidence of MRSA in Iceland has increased since 1999 but remains low and has been stable in the last years. The search and destroy policy was effective to control MRSA in the health care setting. However, MRSA in Iceland is now shifting into the community, challenging the current Icelandic guidelines, which are tailored to the health care system.
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- 2010
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7. Clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 in Iceland: population based cohort study
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Eythorsson, Elias, Helgason, Dadi, Ingvarsson, Ragnar Freyr, Bjornsson, Helgi K, Olafsdottir, Lovisa Bjork, Bjarnadottir, Valgerdur, Runolfsdottir, Hrafnhildur Linnet, Bjarnadottir, Solveig, Agustsson, Arnar Snaer, Oskarsdottir, Kristin, Thorvaldsson, Hrafn Hliddal, Kristjansdottir, Gudrun, Armannsdottir, Brynja, Bjarnason, Agnar, Johannsson, Birgir, Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Gottfredsson, Magnus, Sigurdsson, Martin I, Indridason, Olafur S, and Palsson, Runolfur
- Abstract
ObjectiveTo characterise the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingIceland.ParticipantsAll individuals who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) between 17 March and 30 April 2020. Cases were identified by three testing strategies: targeted testing guided by clinical suspicion, open invitation population screening based on self referral, and random population screening. All identified cases were enrolled in a telehealth monitoring service, and symptoms were systematically monitored from diagnosis to recovery.Main outcome measuresOccurrence of one or more of 19 predefined symptoms during follow-up.ResultsAmong 1564 people positive for SARS-CoV-2, the most common presenting symptoms were myalgia (55%), headache (51%), and non-productive cough (49%). At the time of diagnosis, 83 (5.3%) individuals reported no symptoms, of whom 49 (59%) remained asymptomatic during follow-up. At diagnosis, 216 (14%) and 349 (22%) people did not meet the case definition of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization, respectively. Most (67%) of the SARS-CoV-2-positive patients had mild symptoms throughout the course of their disease.ConclusionIn the setting of broad access to RT-PCR testing, most SARS-CoV-2-positive people were found to have mild symptoms. Fever and dyspnoea were less common than previously reported. A substantial proportion of SARS-CoV-2-positive people did not meet recommended case definitions at the time of diagnosis.
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- 2020
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8. First detection of a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceaein Iceland
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Helgason, Kristjan O., Jelle, Asdis E., Gudlaugsson, Olafur, Edvardsson, Vidar, Findlay, Jacqueline, Hopkins, Katie L., Woodford, Neil, Samuelsen, Ørjan, and Hardarson, Hordur S.
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- 2016
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