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In rural areas, parcel deliveries are characterized by a lack of drop density and high-mileage delivery. As a result, rural areas are difficult to make profitable for each individual carrier company. The VIL project “Rural Parcel Delivery” investigates the effect of 2 cooperation strategies: (1) Parcel delivery outsourced to a neutral third party from a common distribution hub and (2) Setting up a shared network of collection points between carriers. MooV has developed a model of the parcel delivery chain to assess the impact of these cooperation strategies on the efficiency of parcel deliveries as well as the location of the common hub. Given the obtained input data for the Walloon region, joint delivery in rural areas results in a reduction in costs (-35%) and CO2emissions (-60%). Large differences exist between carriers based on the type of their delivery network and parcel volume.

Separate logistics of building materials to construction sites generate many truck movements, increased mileage and increased on-site storage costs and damage risks due to the ill planned deliveries. With the Construction Hubs-project the impact of a hub for centralising construction materials at the edge of the city is investigated.

Cascading, or cascade use, is concept that has many different definitions, but a common theme is a sequential use of resources for different purposes. The cascading concept was first presented in the early 1990s but has become an intensively debated topic primarily in the most recent decade. In the available literature on cascading of wood, there are few studies that discuss policy implementation. As this is currently heavily debated, there is an important gap here that we aim to fill. In this paper, we (a) critically review the conceptual history of cascading and (b) highlight the complexities involved in its implementation in policy frameworks. Originally, cascading was discussed as a broad framework for how society better should manage natural resource flows. In more recent debates on woody biomass however, cascading is often presented as simply a hierarchy, wherein material use of wood should hold priority over energy use of wood. This is partly based on an idea that certain forms of wood utilization are inherently more valuable than others, an assumption that becomes problematic when implemented in policy. In reality, how and for what a certain wood resource is used varies with time and place and historical examples of implementation of hierarchical policy frameworks indicate a high risk of unwanted consequences, such as unstable policy structures and tendencies toward a negotiation economy. Cascading of woody biomass can have benefits from both an economical and environmental perspective. However, cascading systems should emerge bottom‐up, not be imposed top‐down through politically determined hierarchies. WIREs Energy Environ2018, 7:e279. doi: 10.1002/wene.279 This article is categorized under: Energy and Climate > Economics and PolicyEnergy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy Cascading and biobased pyramids: should they be implemented into policy? How?