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Introduction:Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTTS), presenting as a subungual mass, is a diagnostic challenge and requires differentiation from other subungual tumors such as fibroma of tendon sheath and superficial acral fibromyxoma. Case Report:We describe a 32-year-old female patient with a relatively rare subungual presentation of GCTTS. The patient presented with slowly enlarging, painless subungual swelling over the dorsum of the right thumb, raising the proximo-lateral nail plate, extending under the proximal nail fold. The clinical, onychoscopic, radiological, and histopathological features of the case are described, which helped in confirmation of diagnosis and differentiation from other subungual tumors. Conclusion:GCTTS can present as a diagnostic challenge due to its varied clinical manifestations, especially in the subungual location. A combination of clinical features and onychoscopy can point toward a diagnosis, which can be confirmed upon excision and histopathology.

Introduction:Bony subungual growths arising on the digital tip are uncommon. Among these, subungual exostosis is a common cause. Case Presentation:We describe a 35-year-old-male patient with a rare occurrence of a fibro-osseus pseudotumor of the digit. It presents with reactive intramembranous ossification, with no continuity with the distal phalanx, helping differentiate it from a subungual exostosis. The patient presented with an asymptomatic subungual growth, lifting up the nail plate distally causing onycholysis. The characteristic clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of the case are described, which helped confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion:Cases with fibro-osseus pseudotumor of the digit reported in literature are reviewed comprehensively. The factors helping differentiate this from the other bony tumors affecting the distal phalanx, including subungual exostosis, myositis ossificans, and osteosarcoma are also highlighted.

In December 2019, a large number of coronavirus cases were emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and rapidly spread to different countries and territories around the world within four months. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak as a global health emergency. The spread of COVID-19 over globe is highly contagious; they transmitted from person-to-person through small droplets of infected person. Many diagnosis and treatment methods have been implemented to reduce and control the outbreak. Efforts have been made to develop coronavirus vaccine against S protein or spike glycoprotein of coronavirus. COVID-19 outbreak will affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world. At the time of preparing manuscript, total number of active cases reaches to more than 8.9 million and confirmed death reaches to approx. 4.6 lakh. This article highlights the ongoing research and advances in designing vaccine and therapeutics against COVID-19 and also focusing on the epidemiology, transmission, future direction and control the spread of infectious diseases.

A comparative study on the basic structural characteristics of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) produced by the Southern Ocean (Indian Sector) origin Pseudoalteromonassp. MB-16 has been conducted. It has a higher production rate of EPS as compared to that of CPS and the maximum production rate is 0.7 g/l when glucose is the carbon source. Elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopic study have given a brief compositional insight on the EPS and CPS produced by the marine bacterium, whereas scanning electron micrographs have revealed the morphological structure of Pseudoalteromonassp. derived EPS and CPS. Both the polysaccharides show significant thermal stability as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. In all the experiments, Pseudoalteromonassp. derived EPS and CPS have given similar results when compared to standard bacterial polysaccharides dextran and guar gum. This present study gave an important preliminary idea about the nature of bacterial polysaccharides produced by the Southern Ocean (Indian Sector) origin microbe.

A substantial database indicates that a large number of environmental pollutants, chemicals and therapeutic agents to which organisms are exposed cause immunotoxicity. The suppression of immune functions may cause increased susceptibility of the host to a variety of microbial pathogens potentially resulting in a life-threatening state. Evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of chemical xenobiotics is of great concern and, therefore, we have investigated the impact of exposure of inorganic metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn) on Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV) infection. Pretreatment with a single, oral dose of Cd or Mn increased the susceptibility of mice to a sub-lethal infection of these viruses as observed by increased severity of symptoms and mortality compared to untreated controls. An early onset of virus infection was found in brains of Cd and Mn treated animals. Histopathological observations of the brain indicate evidence of inflammation and greater tissue pathology in Cd-or Mn-exposed mice compared to control animals. Meningitis and vascular congestion was seen in virus infected mice in all the metal treated groups, and further, the perivascular inflammation appeared earlier in treated mice compared to control. Encephalitis was maximum in Cd pretreated mice. Widespread environmental contamination of metals and the potential for their exposure and subsequent infection of humans or animals is indicative that further studies of these and all other metals are important to understand the effect of environmental pollution on human health.

Abstract: The x-ray K or L-absorption edge shifts of V, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Ga, Fe, and Y, when they undergo chemical combination and form compounds, have been calculated. It has been found that the major contribution to the chemical shift comes from the change in the Fermi energy of a metal when it forms a compound. The calculated values for the change in Fermi energy correspond well with the values observed by several workers for the chemical shift.

The respiratory health of 726 workers in a rubber processing factory has been investigated. The values of the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1/FVC in workers were inversely related to the total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and benzo(a)pyrene present in the workplace air. Statistically significant decrements in ventilatory function occurred following prolonged exposure as assessed by the duration of working in the plant. When the different sections of the factory were consid ered, workers in the compounding section were most affected, which was asso ciated with the highest exposures to TSP and benzo(a)pyrene. On chest X-ray, 16 % of the workers from the compounding section exhibited radiographic abnormalities. Of 7 possible factors thought likely to be related to the effects on pulmonary function, only TSP and the concentration of benzo( a)pyrene in the respirable fraction of particulates resulted in a statistically significant asso ciation in a multiple regression analysis.

The x-ray K or L-absorption edge shifts of V, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Ga, Fe, and Y, when they undergo chemical combination and form compounds, have been calculated. It has been found that the major contribution to the chemical shift comes from the change in the Fermi energy of a metal when it forms a compound. The calculated values for the change in Fermi energy correspond well with the values observed by several workers for the chemical shift.

A possible explanation is given of the chemical shifts of x-ray K-absorption edges of metals when they undergo a chemical combination and form compounds. It is proposed that when a metal forms a compound its Fermi edge changes. It explains the numerical order as well as the nature of the chemical shifts. A fairly good agreement between the calculated and observed values has been obtained.

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