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Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study investigated the effectiveness of agricultural technologies and constraint on cassava farming in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. One hundred and forty-eight well-structured questionnaires were used for this study to obtain data for this study from five selected villages. Data obtained were analyzed using percentage and Chi-Square to compare the significance among the variables in this study. The results showed that Cassava production was dominated by males (51.4%) as against females (48.6%), an active age group of 41-50 years (56.7%), more of married people (88.5%) to unmarried (2.7%). The study area was characterized with an average level of secondary education (54.7%), There was no significant relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and agricultural technologies used. This research hereby recommended that the government should make available agricultural technologies to the farmers and they should be aware of the technologies through the extension agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tiafenacil is a new nonselective protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicide with both grass and broadleaf activity labeled for preplant application to corn, cotton, soybean, and wheat. Early-season cotton emergence and growth often coincides in the Mid-South with preplant herbicide application in later planted cotton and soybean, thereby increasing opportunity for off-target herbicide movement from adjacent fields. Field studies were conducted in 2022 to identify any deleterious impacts of reduced rates of tiafenacil (12.5 – 0.4% of the lowest labeled application rate of 24.64 g ai ha-1) applied to one-to two-leaf cotton. Visual injury one week after treatment (WAT) with 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64x rate of tiafenacil was 72, 54, 36, and 22%, respectively, whereas at four WAT these respective rates resulted in visual injury of 73, 67, 48, and 20%. Tiafenacil at these rates reduced cotton height 26 to 38% and 12 to 36% one and four WAT and seed cotton yield reduced 58, 38, 20, and 9%. Application of tiafenacil directly adjacent to cotton in early vegetative growth should be avoided as severe visual injury will occur. In cases where off-target movement occurs, impacted cotton should not be expected to recover fully and negative impact on growth and yield will be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) is an organic arsenical herbicide used to control weeds such as grasses and nutsedges in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) production. Transient crop injury, yield reduction, and maturity delays have been observed in commercial Upland cotton. It is unknown if genetic variation in MSMA tolerance in cotton exists. In this field study, seven replicated tests were conducted in the same field to compare MSMA tolerance among 212 commercial cotton cultivars and advanced breeding lines. The tests were sprayed over the top at the 4-true-leaf stage, and seedlings were assessed for crop injury severity on a scale of 0 (no injury) to 5 (death). Significant genotypic variation in MSMA tolerance was detected in three tests, and broad-sense heritability estimates for MSMA tolerance ranged from 0.476 to 0.846 with a mean of 0.712, indicating that most phenotypic variation in MSMA tolerance is heritable. Nine tested G. barbadense genotypes, including seven commercial Pima cultivars and two Sea-Island cotton lines, exhibited minimal crop injury with severity ratings of 0.40 to 0.83 (except for one cultivar with 1.33). Among the remaining 203 Upland cotton genotypes with crop injury ratings ranging from 0.90 to 3.67, five commercial transgenic cultivars and 38 public breeding lines exhibited various levels of MSMA tolerance. The results represent the first study in germplasm evaluation for MSMA tolerance and identify a set of tolerant cotton genotypes that can be selected in cotton production or used to develop new cultivars for commercial cotton production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a field experiment that studied the impact of pre and post emergence herbicides on the growth and yield of chickpea. The results showed that the sequential application of Pendimethalin and Propaquizafop herbicides resulted in lower weed population, higher weed control efficiency, and higher grain yield compared to other treatments. The article also provides information on the importance of weed control in chickpea cultivation and the significance of chickpea production in India. The study concluded that the recommended herbicide treatment was the most effective for weed management in chickpea cultivation. [Extracted from the article]

Herbicides are the most applied pesticides in the world. Despite numerous laboratory studies demonstrating the toxic effect of herbicides on non-target organisms, the effect of herbicides on soil organisms in the field remains complex to understand and is still controversial. In order to understand how changes in agricultural practices aiming to reduce herbicide use could impact soil biodiversity, we studied the effect of the frequency of herbicide application on soil biodiversity in a tropical agroecosystem. Our study was conducted on banana farms in Martinique, an island with a humid tropical climate belonging to the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot. Thirteen banana plots from five different farms were selected, ranging from plots receiving no herbicides to plots receiving 4–5 applications per year. Soil macro-arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps resulting in the collection of over 6,200 individuals. Of the 100 taxa that were differentiated, 75 could be identified to species level which allowed to assign each taxon to a trophic group and when possible to classify them according to whether they were introduced or native. Macro-arthropod mean species richness was 21% lower in plots with the highest frequency of herbicide application. However, no conclusive effect of herbicides on macro-arthropod abundance was demonstrated. Mean species richness for different trophic groups also decreased with herbicide applications with decreases of 22% for predators, 17% for omnivores, 55% for herbivores, and 55% for decomposers in plots with 4–5 herbicide applications per year compared to plots with no herbicide use. Species composition of macro-arthropod communities varied significantly with herbicide applications. More specifically, we found that native species represented a higher proportion of individuals captured in plots where no herbicides were used; suggesting that agroecological practices implemented at the field level to reduce the frequency of herbicide use potentially play a relevant role in soil biodiversity conservation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green foxtail (Setaria viridis) is a notorious weed in corn fields in Heilongjiang Province. To investigate the best method to break the seed dormancy of green foxtail and its physiological response to topramezone, this study selected newly harvested and one-year stored green foxtail seeds as research subjects. The seeds were treated with HCl, NaOH, gibberellic acid (GA), different water temperatures and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to study the seed dormancy and drought resistance of green foxtail. The results showed that newly harvested seeds exhibited dormancy, and treatments with HCl, NaOH and different water temperatures were unable to break the dormancy. Soaking the seeds in GA could overcome dormancy, but the seeds failed to germinate when exposed to 25% PEG concentration. When topramezone was applied at rates of 22.5 and 45.0 g a.i. • hm-2 at the 3-leaf and 5-leaf stages, respectively, the chlorophyll content reached the lowest value at 28 days after treatment (DAT). At the 7-leaf stage, the chlorophyll content reached the lowest value at 7 DAT. The activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpy-ruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme after topramezone application reached the maximum value at 7 DAT for different leaf ages, and the higher the leaf age, the higher the HPPD activity, which was an important factor contributing to the resistance of green foxtail to topramezone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An uneven herbicide distribution can lead to reduced efficacy, and the release of herbicide residues and their transformation products into the environment through runoff increases their potential use risk. Understanding the water distribution dynamics of commonly used paddy field herbicides, for example, oxadiazon, is imperative for the long-term management of weeds in paddy fields. To clarify the diffusion and sedimentation ability of oxadiazon with the addition of a nonionic surfactant--diffusion and settling agent (DSA) for subsequent commercial use in paddy field water layers, the synergistic mechanisms of DSA with butachlor and bensulfuronmethyl in paddy fields were studied. Bioassays, instrumental analysis and field experiments were conducted in this research to provide a relevant basis for improving the efficacy of paddy field herbicides. The field experiment results indicated that DSA could increase the plant and fresh weight control effects of oxadiazon (450 g a.i. • hm-2), butachlor and bensulfuron-methyl to different degrees. These findings demonstrated that DSA could not only effectively improve oxadiazon diffusion and settling in water layers and significantly increase the control effects of butachlor and bensulfuron-methyl, but also promote crop growth and development to different degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Agricultural impacts on field margin plants vary with spatial resolution and extent. • Plant richness is explained locally by agricultural practices. • Plant richness is explained by climate and crop diversity at large-scales. • Plant composition responds more to fertilization and crop diversity at large-scales. • Agricultural effects are better detected at a regional scale and are region-specific. In recent decades, agricultural intensification has led to a strong decline in biodiversity. Field margins act as shelters and dispersal corridors for biodiversity in highly disturbed landscapes, and are critical to the maintenance of ecosystem services. However, they are also impacted by agricultural practices in neighboring fields. Agricultural impacts are often studied at field to landscape scales, and rarely across biogeographic regions. One of the challenges in large-scale studies is the lack of standardized monitoring schemes including both biodiversity and accurate estimation of agricultural practices. Here, we take advantage of a national monitoring scheme in 462 sites in France, to assess the effects of agricultural practices on field margin flora at different extents and resolutions. We used spatial simultaneous autoregressive and generalized dissimilarity models to assess the response of plant richness and composition to climatic, soil and landscape conditions, and to agricultural (fertilization, herbicides) and margin management drivers. Analyses were repeated at the site-level, 40 and 75 km resolutions, and at regional and national extents. We found that the impact of agricultural practices on species richness was most important at the site-level, whereas climate and crop diversity became more important at the 75 km resolution. Compositional variations responded differently, with climate being more important at the site-level, and fertilization and crop diversity at the coarsest resolution. There was a strong variation in the variance explained by models among regions, but climate effects were weaker within biogeographic units compared to the national level, and different agricultural practices stood out as influential in different regions, suggesting that the regional context is fundamental in determining plant community structure. To efficiently conserve biodiversity, we therefore recommend the implementation of agricultural measures adapted to each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New York State (NYS) beekeeping industry generated >$11M worth of honey in 2020 and >$300M in pollination services to agriculture annually. Bees are frequently exposed to pesticides through foraging and husbandry practices. Lipophilic pesticides can remain in beeswax for extended periods. We analyzed for pesticides in wax comb samples collected from NYS apiaries at the end of the growing season, comparing residue numbers and concentrations among beekeepers of different operation scales: commercial beekeepers (>300 colonies), sideliners (50–299 colonies), and hobbyists (<50 colonies). We analyzed samples collected from 72 managed honey bee colonies for 92 insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pesticides were detected in all samples and included 34 fungicides, 33 insecticides, and 22 herbicides. Each wax sample contained 7–35 different residues (x¯ = 17.8 residues). Wax from colonies managed by commercial beekeepers contained the most residues (x¯ = 21.9 residues), hobbyists were second (x¯ = 16.3 residues), and sideliners had the fewest (x¯ = 11.7 residues). Nearly all wax samples (98.6%) contained the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide, most samples (86%) contained common varroacides used to control honey bee parasites, including coumaphos and amitraz breakdown products, and 93.1% contained the fungicide difenoconazole. We detected 34 fungicides, 7 of which were found in 50% or more of the samples. We detected 22 herbicides. We found pesticide contamination of beeswax to be common, with commercial beekeepers experiencing the greatest contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rollers/crimpers have been utilized in no-till systems to mechanically terminate cover crops as a substitute for chemical termination; however, excessive vibration generated by the original straight bar roller adopted from Brazil has delayed its adoption in the U.S. To reduce excessive vibration, producers must decrease roller speed, which increases the time for rolling cover crops. The effect of speed on cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) termination rate, vibration, and seedcotton yield was tested and evaluated on two roller designs during the 2004-2005 growing season. A three-section 4.1-m wide roller with straight bars (original straight bar roller) and a new design smooth roller with oscillating crimping bar (smooth roller/crimper) were evaluated at speeds of 3.2 and 6.4 km h-1. In 2004, higher rye termination rates resulted from the straight bar roller (96%) in comparison to the smooth roller/crimper (94%). Three weeks after rolling, both rollers had effectively terminated rye without the use of herbicides. In both seasons, the smooth roller with crimping bar transferred lower vibration levels to the tractor's frame (at both speeds) than the straight bar roller, while maintaining rye termination rates comparable with the original design. The average seedcotton yield differed between years: 2,150 kg ha-1 and 2,462 kg ha-1 in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In 2004 and 2005, no differences in seedcotton yield existed among roller types, speeds, and RoundupTM (glyphosate). In both growing seasons applying glyphosate with rolling operation did not affect seedcotton yield. Using rollers only without herbicide was effective in maintaining seedcotton yield while reducing cost of herbicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weeds in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) can contribute to a significant reduction in the root yield. The species composition of these plants is an important factor influencing the competition with crops. The aim of the 2-year field experiment with mixtures of: phenmedipham + ethofumesate + metamitron + quinmerac; ethofumesate + metamitron + metamitron + + quinmerac + triflusulfuron-methyl; phenmedipham + ethofumesate + metamitron + + quinmerac + triflusulfuron-methyl + clopyralid + lenacil, and phenmedipham + ethofumesate + metamitron + quinmerac + triflusulfuron-methyl + clopyralid applied in split doses, microdoses and Conviso Smart technology was to determine the weed species community composition and effectiveness of weed control strategies. The most common species occurring in both years were: Chenopodium album L., Fallopia convolvulus L., and Geranium pusillum L. The communities had the highest values of biodiversity indices in 2020 and lower values in 2021. There were no statistically significant differences in the herbicidal effectiveness of the tested herbicidal technologies over both years of research and for individual main weed species -- 95-99%. The use of all herbicide variants contributed to achieving significantly higher yields than untreated treatments, and contributed to an increase in profitability of cultivation, but this result depended on the selected strategy. The presented herbicide solutions were characterized by direct income at a similar level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern agriculture, sustainable production and efficiency are unimaginable without the use of agrochemicals such as pesticides, fertilisers, herbicides, etc. Nanotechnology has the potential to augment food quality, plant protection, detection of plant and animal diseases, monitoring of plant growth, global food production, and seed quality. The potential for a wide range of applications makes a basic understanding of nanotechnology important. This article presents an introduction to nanotechnology and discusses the implications of it for the tomato crop. The review aims to systematise and discuss research data related to the effect of nanomaterials on tomato, an important fruit crop used as a model plant for research which provides knowledge about this fast-developing research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive plants threaten biodiversity worldwide and effective management must control the target invader while conserving biodiversity. Herbicide is often used to control invasive plants, but potential negative impacts on biodiversity have led to spot spraying being recommended over boom spraying to minimize the exposure of nontarget species to chemicals. We examined the influence of herbicide application methods on off‐target plant communities in threatened temperate grasslands of southeastern Australia, where spraying with the broadleaf herbicide fluroxypr is commonly used to control St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum L. It is well established that fluroxypr effectively controls H. perforatum but few studies have examined its impact on native forbs. A spray drift experiment using water‐sensitive cards indicated that ground surface coverage was higher for spot spraying (91%–99%) than for boom spraying (5%–31%). We established a replicated, 3‐year, before‐after‐control‐impact experiment across 48 1‐m2 quadrats to determine how three herbicide application methods (spot spray, fine boom and coarse boom) affected nontarget native forbs, the group most likely to be affected by broadleaf herbicides. This experiment was conducted in grasslands where H. perforatum was almost absent, so responses would reflect the direct impacts of the chemical, rather than structural changes resulting from removal of the target invader. Spot spraying decreased the probability of occurrence of native leguminous forbs, while increasing the occurrence of exotic leguminous forbs and the richness of all exotic species and exotic annual forbs. Spot spraying reduced the occurrence of the native Desmodium varians and the abundance of the native Chrysocephalum apiculatum. During this 3‐year study, native species appeared to be impacted either directly by fluroxypr or indirectly by increased competition with exotic species. Where herbicide application is deemed crucial in these grasslands, we recommend boom spraying when H. perforatum density is moderate to high. Spot spraying should only be used when the density of H. perforatum is very low. Given the regional variation in H. perforatum density, the spatial scale of invasion, soil depth, and conservation values, we present a decision tree to assist managers in evaluating the costs and benefits of chemical control, indicating situations where alternative or modified methods could be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecoscience (Ecoscience) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the differences between types of organic contaminants and their regulatory requirements helps operators maintain a well‐operating treatment plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the cultivation of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) for seed production, specifically examining the effects of different seeding densities and herbicidal control on weed infestation, plant characteristics, and nutrient content in the seeds. Hemp is a versatile plant known for its fiber and oil production, including health-promoting cannabinoids. The study utilizes a Romanian monoecious variety called Secuieni Jubileu, which has low THC content and is suitable for seed cultivation. The experiment compares three treatments: sowing at a density of 20 kg ha-1 with herbicide, sowing at a density of 30 kg ha-1 with herbicide, and sowing at a density of 30 kg ha-1 without herbicide. The results indicate significant differences in weed density among the treatments, with herbicide application and higher seeding density reducing weed populations. Plant height, number of leaves, and seed fraction also varied significantly among the treatments, with higher seeding density (30 kg ha-1) resulting in higher plants, decreased leaf number and with the predominant fraction of 2.5 mm in the seeds. The experimental factor also significantly differentiated the macro- and micronutrient content of hemp seeds. Nutrient content analysis revealed variations in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels in the hemp seeds, depending on the experimental treatments. Overall, the study highlights the importance of seeding density and herbicidal control in hemp cultivation for seed production. The findings suggest that higher seeding density can effectively suppress weed growth, whereas the yield and the high ratio of seed fraction at 2.8 mm is attributed to herbicide control and seed density of 20 kg ha-1. The research contributes to the understanding of optimal cultivation practices for hemp seed production, aiming to support stable, efficient, and profitable agricultural production in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Use of hooded sprayers to mitigate spray particle drift during pesticide applications in cotton has not been investigated. Therefore, experiments were conducted in cotton fields in 2021 and 2022 to compare particle drift of dicamba applied with open and hooded broadcast sprayers at six different spray qualities: Fine (F), Medium (M), Coarse (C), Very Coarse (VC), Extremely Coarse (EC), and Ultra Coarse (UC). A fluorescent tracer dye was mixed and applied with the dicamba solution to measure drift deposition at different downwind distances up to 105 m from the target area. Results showed particle drift for F and M spray qualities applied with a hooded sprayer were reduced up to 94% and 77%, respectively, out to 10 m downwind from the application area compared to the open boom sprayer. Hooded sprayer decreased particle drift for C and VC spray qualities as well but only for short distances downwind (= 5 m). Sprayer type did not affect the particle drift for EC and UC spray qualities and it was also significantly lower than other spray qualities across both sprayer types. From 20 to 60 m downwind, dicamba applications with hooded sprayer exhibited as much as 42% less drift than open boom sprayer applications regardless of the spray quality. These data suggested that hooded sprayers are effective in reducing particle drift in cotton and thus can be utilized as a viable spray drift management technique for herbicide applications in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An application of biostimulants is becoming an increasingly popular operation in agriculture because they positively affect crop performance and qualitative characteristics, and prevent stress-related losses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an application of the following biostimulants: PlonoStart, Aminoplant, and Agro-Sorb Folium, and the herbicide Avatar 293 ZC on total carotenoids in table potato tubers. The research material consisted of tubers of two table potato cultivars, Oberon and Malaga, which were produced in a 3-year field experiment. Chemical analyses of fresh material were conducted 4-6 days following harvest. Biostimulants applied with the herbicide significantly increased the table potato tuber content of carotenoids compared to tubers obtained from unamended control plots. The highest accumulation of carotenoids was determined following an application of the biostimulant Agro-Sorb Folium, and it was higher in the tubers of cv. Oberon versus cv. Malaga. It should be added that in the available literature there is no research on the effect of biostimulants on the content of carotenoids in potato, which is the main food in the world. Carotenoids perform many important functions in the human body. They exhibit antioxidant properties, which means that they protect cells from damage, and also have a beneficial effect on the immune system. Carotenoids are substances that show an indispensable effect on the health and appearance of the skin. Regular consumption of them in the form of vegetables and fruits ensures its firmness, elasticity, smoothness, as well as a healthy appearance. The protective function of carotenoids against free radicals simultaneously contributes to slowing down the aging process. This action, in turn, translates into preventing the development of cancer or diseases of the circulatory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate qualitative and quantitative chemical compounds of plant water extract (PWE), and the reduction potential of Corum herbicide (bentazone and imazamox) doses using PWE for weed control in faba bean fields. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of diverse allelochemicals including polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The field experiment results showed clear differences between the measured traits in response to the applied treatments. The application of Corum at 1.5 l · ha-1, at 0.75 l · ha-1, and at 0.75 l · ha-1 + PWE significantly reduced weed density and biomass, with a weed control efficiency of 75.5-78.4, 57.4-53.3 and 68.2-56.9 % during the first-second cropping seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, Corum at 1.5 l · ha-1 and at 0.75 l · ha-1 + PWE treatments guaranteed approximately the same yield components and improved the faba bean yield (Q · ha-1) by 65 and 40% in 2018-2019 and by 91 and 85% in 2019-2020, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that PWE in combination with a lower herbicide dose (up to 50%) could be used as a potential weed management strategy in faba bean. Further research is required to understand the phytotoxic mechanisms of the studied extract-herbicide mixtures and their modes of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbicides are the most frequently used pesticides, accounting for more than 60% of all pesticides used in agriculture around the world. Clethodim (CTD) (Vixtol Super® 24% EC), haloxyfop-p-methyl (HFM) (Gallant Super® 10.8% EC), and their mixture (CTD (15%) + HFM (7.5%) (Fine® 22.5% EC) are among the most commonly used post-emergence graminicides in Egypt and worldwide. However, little data on their toxicological effects on honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) is known. In this study, the lethal and sublethal effects of CTD or HFM and their mixture were assessed in the laboratory on foragers and nurse honey bee workers, respectively. In the acute toxicity test, HFM was more toxic to forager workers (LC50 = 0.95 mg a.i./ml) after 96 h of oral exposure, followed by CTD then the mixture which was the least toxic one. In a chronic toxicity test, newly emerged bees were fed sugar syrup that was herbicide-free (control) or sugar syrup that contained a sublethal concentration of HFM (0.2 mg/ml; 1/5 of 96 h-LC50) or CTD (0.6 mg/ml; 1/5 96 h-LC50) or the mixture (0.2 mg/ml; 1/15 96 h-LC50) for 20 days. CTD significantly reduced bee survival and dry body weight compared to non-exposed control bees and bees exposed to HFM or the mixture. Chronic sublethal exposure to these herbicides also caused a considerable reduction in hypopharyngeal glan (HPG) acini volume, severe morphologic alterations, and a deleterious impact on hemocyte account and differentiation. This is the first study of its kind to indicate that herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) have a negative impact on honey bee health at sublethal levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methemoglobinemia has been linked to many substances, such as antibiotics, local anesthetics, and industrial chemicals. It is an altered state of hemoglobin whereby oxygen delivery to tissues is impaired. Diagnosis of methemoglobinemia is often difficult due to its non-specific symptoms, coupled with the absence of accurate history and the non-availability of the diagnostic test. We report a case of methemoglobinemia in a schizophrenic patient who deliberately ingested herbicide containing N-(3,4-dichloropropionanilide) or propanil. Toxicity from herbicides containing propanil is under-reported in Malaysia, especially propanil-induced methemoglobinemia. Low oxygen saturation was seen even at a methemoglobin level of 8.4%. Early recognition of such poisoning and early administration of methylene blue remains the mainstay of treatment. Recognizing the chemical contents of herbicide is important to explain the clinical abnormalities of a poisoned patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Plant Protection is the property of Institute of Plant Protection and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines evasions of U.S. state-created easements appropriate property owners' right to exclude dicamba particles and the accountability of U.S. states for taking offsite property owners' right to exclude others from their properties.

Atrazine is a widely used herbicide in agricultural production. Previous studies have shown that atrazine affects hormone secretion and oocyte maturation in female reproduction. However, the specific mechanism by which atrazine affects ovarian function remains unclear. In this study, using a mouse gastric lavage model, we report that four weeks of atrazine exposure affects body growth, interferes with the estrous cycle, and increases the number of atretic follicles in mice. The expression levels of follicle development related factors StAR, BMP15, and AMH decreased. Metabolomic analysis revealed that atrazine activates an inflammatory response in ovarian tissue. Further studies confirmed that the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB increased in the ovaries of mice exposed to atrazine. Additionally, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) accumulated in ovarian tissue, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling was activated, indicating the occurrence of tissue fibrosis. Moreover, mice exposed to atrazine produced fewer oocytes and exhibited reduced embryonic development. Furthermore, mice exposed to atrazine exhibited altered gut microbiota abundance and a disrupted colon barrier. Collectively, these findings suggest that atrazine exposure induces ovarian inflammation and fibrosis, disrupts ovarian homeostasis, and impairs follicle maturation, ultimately reducing oocyte quality. [Display omitted] • Atrazine exposure induces ovary inflammation and fibrosis. • Oocytes and embryo development would be interfered with atrazine exposure. • Loss of intestinal barrier integrity participates in atrazine induced ovary toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of 40 pesticides in the PM 10 emitted by rural soils of the semiarid region of Argentina. Six agricultural soils for grain production under no till and with high use of pesticides (AG), 5 agricultural soils for forage and grain production under conventional tillage (AFG) and 5 unpaved rural roads (RR) were sampled. The PM 10 was generated using the Easy Dust Generator and it was collected with an electrostatic precipitator. The presence of 20 herbicides, 14 insecticides and 6 fungicides was analyzed in the soil and in the PM 10. More than 70% of the pesticides analyzed were detected in the soil and in the PM 10. All agricultural soils and 87% of RR soils showed at least one residue of pesticides. Multiresidues of pesticides were found in the 100% of PM 10 emitted by rural soils. The mean number of pesticides was higher in the PM 10 (7) than in the soil (5). Some pesticides were not detected in the soils but they were detected in the PM 10 (triticonazole, carbofuran, metsulfuron methyl) and vice versa. In general, the concentrations of herbicides were higher in the PM 10 than in the soil, while the concentrations of insecticides and fungicides were lower in the PM 10 than in the soil. These results suggest that the concentrations of pesticide in the PM 10 (inhalable fraction) should be used instead the concentrations of pesticide in the soil to calculate the exposure factor to pesticides by dust inhalation. This study provides the initial evidence of the presence of multiple pesticide residues in PM 10 emitted by rural soils under different land management. Also confirms that the PM 10 is a potential source of air contamination with pesticides. Future studies should be driven to measure the concentrations of pesticides and their dynamics in the PM 10. [Display omitted] • All PM10 emitted by rural soils had multiresidues (more than 1 pesticide). • PM10 emitted by rural soils had herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. • The highest number of pesticides in one sample was found in the PM10. • The number of pesticides in the PM10 was higher than in the soil. • Some pesticides detected in the PM10 were not detected in the soil and vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Florpyrauxifen-benzyl (FPB) is a novel auxin mimic rice herbicide used to control selected grasses, sedges, and broadleaves. Field experiments were conducted in 2020–2022 to 1) characterize the effects of FPB on rice crop safety and weed control when applied alone or in a mixture, 2) determine the FPB application timing to optimize smallflower umbrella sedge (SMF) control, and 3) evaluate the effect of late season application on rice flower sterility. In the first study, FPB was applied alone at 15, 30, and 60 g ai ha−1 and in mixture with bispyribac-sodium, penoxsulam, and propanil. FPB applied alone at 30 g ha−1 at 4–5-leaf (LF) rice stage controlled more than 80% of watergrasses, ricefield bulrush, and SMF and more than 99% of all broadleaf weeds at 28 days after treatment (DAT). The mixture treatments of FPB plus bispyribac-sodium applied at maximum use rate had the greatest grass weed control whereas, FPB plus propanil at the maximum use rate provided the greatest sedge control. In the second study, FPB at 40 g ha−1 was applied at 1-LF, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-cm tall SMF, where treatments controlled 95%, 86%, 89%, 87%, and 85% of SMF at 42 DAT, respectively. In the third study, FPB at 40 and 80 g ha−1 rate was applied at rice panicle initiation (PI) and 50% flowering (FL) growth stages. While the weed control was more than 90% at 42 DAT for all applications, the FL stage application caused 26% and 35% rice panicle blanking at 40 and 80 g ha−1 rate, respectively. This research suggests, the window of FPB application should be from 2-LF rice to rice PI stage to ensure crop safety and highest weed control. • Florpyrauxifen-benzyl should be applied to rice between 2-leaf to panicle initiation. • Florpyrauxifen-benzyl plus bispyribac-sodium provided greatest grass weed control. • Florpyrauxifen-benzyl plus propanil provided greatest sedge weed control. • Florpyrauxifen-benzyl may cause rice sterility when applied at flowering stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]