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This study examines the effect of regulatory focus on the relationship between various types of risk and attitudes toward really-new services (RNS). We argue that promotion-focused consumers may differ from prevention-focused consumers in terms of taking the risk to adopt RNS. The data of the study was collected through Amazon Turk and analysed using structural equation modelling with multigroup analysis. The results show that manipulation of self-regulation creates a difference. While promotion-focus attenuates the effects of performance risk, psychological risk, and overall risk on the attitudes toward RNS, prevention-focus intensifies the effects of the same risks on the attitudes. This study shows that regulatory focus can be an effective segmentation tool in new service promotions, especially app- and web-based services, most of which are participants of the sharing economy. Framing communication by inducing promotion focus can influence the attitudes of consumers and encourage them to adopt RNS.

Due to the diversity of disciplines, scholars, and journals that publish entrepreneurship research, the literature has become a disorganized clutter, hindering the field’s ability to develop theory. The purpose of this research is to establish a meta-framework that could unify and subsume the diverse disciplines, scholars, and approaches to understanding entrepreneurship phenomena. In contrast to all the inductive approaches to organizing entrepreneurship literature, this exploratory study is the first to use a deductive approach based on General Systems Theory (GST). The paper begins by utilizing the process model of the GST to deduce seven fundamental categories for understanding entrepreneurship, which include: (1) the Entrepreneur, (2) Entrepreneurial Assistance, (3), Strategy, (4) Performance, (5) Academics, (6) Entrepreneurship Environment, and (7) Interactions (among the other categories). The paper then tests the validity and reliability of the GST framework using “expert” entrepreneurship researchers, based on a sample of 621 articles from several of the field’s most highly respected journals using content analysis. Based on this exploratory study, the GST meta-framework of entrepreneurship is shown valid and reliable. Consequently, virtually all entrepreneurship literature can be subsumed under its umbrella. Lastly, this paper organizes almost 50 years of entrepreneurship literature according to the GST framework and offers an overview of the literature across the seven categories and areas of future research.

A summary of the essential data system parameters for the Surveyor, Lunar Orbiter Pioneer, and Mariner projects is given in Table III. Because of the different mission objectives and basic design constraints, there is little correlation among the various projects and basic design constraints, there is little correlation among the various left to right, and Mariner probably represents the most sophisticated approach to data retrieval from deep space of the systems considered here. Three of the projects represent extremely successful data system designs, each of which has been proven on a considerable number of space missions. The Mariner 1969 spacecraft has yet to be launched, but the succcess of preceding Mariners affords some confidence in the basic design philosophy.