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The hybrid dynamic mesh method combining finite macro-element with transfinite interpolation (TFI) is adopted in this paper which ensures mesh quality for large deformations and high efficiency. Besides, TFI is modified to preserve the grid orthogonality near the boundary using rotation correction and weighted approach in order to solve its orthogonal problem. The numerical simulation of oscillating airfoil is performed by solving Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with hybrid dynamic mesh method. The influences of oscillation parameters and Mach number on the hysteresis effect are investigated and the separation vortex pattern and evolution procedure are presented. Moreover, numerical results show the occurrence of lock-in zone. The effect of oscillation amplitude and frequency on it and the characteristics of vortex shedding are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the function of cbfα1 on BMP-2 signaling to extracellular matrix proteins in dental papilla cells in vitro. METHODS: RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of ALP, OC, ON, OPN, BSP, DMP-1 and DSPP in cultured dental papilla cells induced by 200ng/mL BMP-2 and/or down-regulated by cbfα1 antisense technology, the results were analysed with SPSS 11.0 software package. RESULTS: We found that the amount of ALP and OC and the expression of OPN, BSP and ON were upregulated significantly after the cells were treated with BMP-2. After transfected with antisense cbfα1, the cells downreguleted the expression of ALP, OC, OPN and BSP significantly(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: As a kind of transcription factor, cbfα1 could be an important tache in the BMP-2 signal networks controlling cells differentiation and mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]