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Chaplain leadership may have played a pivotal role in shaping chaplains’ roles in health care amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. We convened an international expert panel to identify expert perception on key chaplain leadership factors. Six leadership themes of professional confidence, engaging and trust-building with executives, decision-making, innovation and creativity, building integrative and trusting connections with colleagues, and promoting cultural competencies emerged as central to determining chaplains’ integration, perceived value, and contributions during the pandemic.

This article invites theological school educators, clinical pastoral education educators, representatives of the professional healthcare chaplaincy organizations, and social scientists to begin a shared conversation about chaplaincy education. To date, we find that theological educators, clinical educators, professional chaplains, and the healthcare organizations where they work are not operating from or educating toward a common understanding of what makes healthcare chaplains effective. Before we identify five key questions that might help us be in shared conversation and move towards educating the most effective chaplains, we briefly describe the history of education for healthcare chaplaincy. We then describe what we learned in interviews in 2018 with 21 theological and 19 clinical educators who are educating healthcare chaplains in theological schools and clinical pastoral education residency programs, year-long educational programs in hospitals and other settings that focus on preparing people for staff chaplain jobs. Their different approaches and frames inform the five questions with which we conclude.

ABSTRACTThe Mixter site (33-ME-4), Erie County, Ohio, is a multicomponent site first reported in 1967. We re-examined the Mixter site projectile point assemblage to understand which types were present, whether there were Paleoindian points at the site, and whether the projectile points can reveal anything about site use through time. Our assessment revealed an occupation spanning the entire Holocene, a possible Clovis component, and that artifact breakage and discard pattern did not change over time at the site. Given that our new look at the projectile point assemblage differed significantly from Shane’s (1967, The Mixter Site: a Multicomponent Hunting Station in Erie County, Ohio. In O. Prufer & D. McKenzie (Eds.), Studies in Ohio Archaeology(pp. 121–186). Cleveland: The Press of Western Reserve University) original report, we conclude our study with a discussion on reproducibility in archaeological science.

In the previous articles, my colleagues have presented analyses of the survey data that have implications for professional preparation, practice and ongoing professional development. I will conclude this volume highlighting six areas that require further investigation, theoretical development and practical integration.

Presents recent activities of IEEE Eta Kappa.

Albino (c/c) and nonalbino (+/c and +/+) congenic C57BL/6J mice were examined for the effects of acoustic prestimulation (priming) on audiogenic seizures. While no genotypic-specific effects were noticed 1 day after priming, major effects were observed in separate groups of mice tested 5 days after priming. The c/c mice were most susceptible to audiogenic seizures, and no differences were observed between +/c and +/+ mice. While cross-fostering did not change this relationship, it provided protection for mice of all three genotypes. The interpretation that melanin offers protection from acoustic trauma is considered inconclusive because of the interaction of innate- and priming-induced audiogenic seizures in the +/c and c/c mice.

The effects of single-gene albino (c/c) mutations on auditory behavior and physiology were examined in congenic C57BL/6J mice. At 16 days of age, thec gene was additively associated with both reduced auditory functioning and lower body weight; 16-day-oldc/c mice had higher auditory evoked potential (AEP) thresholds than +/c mice, which, in turn, had higher thresholds than +/+ mice; +/c mice were also intermediate with regard to body weight. Since these differences had nearly disappeared by 21 days of age, it was concluded that thec genes worked in an additive fashion to delay development during the period previously (Henry, 1967) found critical for inducing susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. At 16 days of age, albino mice (c/c) displayed susceptibility to audiogenic seizures, but nonalbino genotypes (+/c and +/+) were immune to the convulsive effects of sound. This behavior appeared to be a recessive trait at this age. But 5 days later, the behavioral phenotype exhibited incomplete dominance, with the +/c genotype displaying audiogenic seizures intermediate to those seen in the susceptiblec/c and the nonsusceptible +/+ genotypes. These behaviors were compared to the thresholds and peak-to-peak amplitudes of the AEP, as seen in the input-output functions. It is suggested that differential development of the auditory systems in these genotypes is causally related to susceptibility to audiogenic seizures.

The rapidly developing appreciation of the importance of preventive medicine by the general public and by the medical profession has brought home to the medical school the problem of teaching "disease prevention" in its broadest sense. It is my hope to summarize the influences of some of the more important agencies that have led up to the popular demand for preventive measures in medical practice, and to point out a way in which the average medical school, not associated with a school of public health, may prepare the prospective medical graduate to meet the situation. The material is discussed under two general headings: (1) influences that are developing an ever increasing demand for disease prevention in the practice of medicine, and (2) preventive medicine in the medical curriculum.INFLUENCES DEVELOPING AN EVER INCREASING DEMAND FOR DISEASE PREVENTION IN PRACTICE OF MEDICINEPreventive medicine is commonly defined as the medicine of

The purpose of this investigation has been to determine the sense receptors of pressure and vibration by means of cutaneous excision. The receptors involved in the mediation of pressure sensitivity have long been subject to speculation. The nature of the processes underlying the perception of vibration has been the subject of controversy for the last four decades. Vibration sense has been variously considered as mediated by the bones and periosteum and as a function of the tactual end organs responsible for "contact" and "pressure" sensibility, and some writers have even included a special "vibratory sense" as the sensory mechanism responsible for the perception of this modality. A summary of the work on vibratory sensibility is largely history of this controversy and has been presented in a recent review by Geldard.1 Of the several views as to the nature of vibratory sensitivity growing out of the studies of physiologists, psychologists

Tuberculous lesions of the vascular system have long been of interest as points of distribution of bacilli in cases of general miliary tuberculosis. The following example of such a lesion is noteworthy for two reasons: first, on account of its rarity; second, because it gave rise to the presence of great numbers of tubercle bacilli in a few glomeruli in the kidney, where they caused little or no reaction in the tissue about them. Weigert, as early as 1877, pointed out the important relation between tuberculous lesions of the vascular system and general miliary tuberculosis. Following his papers a very large literature has grown up on the subject. All manner of tuberculous vascular conditions have been carefully studied and described. These have included lesions of the thoracic duct, pulmonary and systemic veins, large and small arteries, and even of the heart itself. Commonest of all are the lesions of the veins

•The Nelson stone tool cache was discovered in Mount Vernon, Ohio.•We analyzed it to assess its cultural affiliation.•We compared it to Clovis and post-Clovis caches.•We also conducted geochemical, ochre, and microwear analyses.•By some key measures it is consistent with Clovis, but the case remains unproven.