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Abstract: with the expansion and utilization of underground space resource in cities, the intensity and density of urban underground pipelines are dramatically increasing. How to efficiently utilize the up-to-date technology and realize underground space resources’ management, visualization, assistant design and mine applications, are hot issues in the current virtual city development. In this paper, we present a framework for Urban Underground Pipeline Assistant Design System (UUPADS) based on 3D virtual city by secondary development. UUPADS is designed for organizing and managing the information of underground pipeline efficiently. It includes the functions such as 3D virtual city platform building, 3D pipeline dynamic visualization, pipeline editing and assistant analysis, etc. The land-ground data, such as remote sensing image, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), roads and 3D house, etc. are integrated and managed by 3D virtual city platform. The underground 3D pipeline visualization is implemented with the location reference to the land-ground data and assistant analysis is realized. Taken one region of Jilin province as research data, UUPADS is feasible in conducting 3D pipeline interactive management more efficiency and convenience. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: Rationale and objectivesThis article presents a new method for measuring the shape of the cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals, and internal auditory canal using image registration and a deformable inner ear atlas.: Materials and methodsComputed tomography images of the inner ear are analyzed by placing them into a common orientation and then registering a digital atlas of the inner ear to the data set. The atlas is deformed from its original shape to match the shape of the inner ear in the computed tomography data set using inverse consistent elastic image registration. This process produces an individualized inner ear atlas containing subject-specific measurements and segmentations of the inner ear anatomy in the target computed tomography data set. The shape measurements include the volume and length of the cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals, and internal auditory canal; and the angles between the semi-circular canals.: ResultsA simulated population of inner ear shapes were generated based on the shape of a real population of inner ear shapes and were used to characterize the measurement error of this method. The deformable atlas was used to measure the shape of the left and right inner ear of six individuals.: ConclusionMeasurement error for 15 of the 24 measurements of our simulated population had an average error of less than 1% and only one measurement had an average error greater than 2.54%. The deformable human inner ear atlas shows promise as a new method for automatically measuring the shape of the labyrinth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]