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Urticaria commonly occurs in childhood, affecting up to 15% of British children. It is characterized by the sudden onset of wheals, angioedema, or both. Episodes are usually acute, often triggered by viral infections or antibiotics, with approximately a third progressing to chronic or recurrent urticaria. This review focuses on chronic urticaria subtypes, diagnosis and treatment options for children. The diagnosis is usually made clinically, and a focused history is key. Detailed investigation is usually unnecessary. Chronic urticaria is divided into chronic spontaneous urticaria and the inducible urticarias. Chronic spontaneous urticaria is autoimmune in origin, in approximately 40% of older children. Cold urticaria and dermographism are the most common inducible urticarias. Isolated angioedema should prompt consideration of hereditary angioedema. The mainstay of treatment is trigger avoidance combined with non-sedating antihistamines. Higher doses of antihistamines may be required but these are usually tolerated well. We provide guidance on antihistamine updosing strategies. There is an improvement in symptoms for most children, but leukotriene receptor antagonists can provide additional improvements in some children. Tranexamic acid may provide symptomatic relief for isolated angioedema. Short courses of oral steroids may be used in acute episodes or highly symptomatic patients with chronic urticaria. Second line treatment for non-responders is primarily monoclonal anti-IgE antibody therapy but a small number of children and young people continue to have significant symptoms despite this and in these children ciclosporin may be useful. Urticaria usually resolves and almost all children and young people are disease free after 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern beekeeping uses various technological solutions to control and manage apiaries, but many need help with problems related to energy consumption and the inability to adapt to changing conditions. This article presents the development of the conceptual model of hardware-software complex architecture, focusing on the modularity and flexibility of the system. The main idea is to use a universal programmable logic controller with a modular architecture, which allows users to quickly adapt the system to new tasks by adding or replacing sensors and control mechanisms. The proposed approach considers minimizing energy consumption using energy-efficient LoRa technology for data transmission. Such a system's main advantages and potential risks are considered, and formulas for calculating energy consumption during data transmission are presented. The article can serve as a guide for specialists in the field of beekeeping and developers of automation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Urticaria is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder that can be acute or chronic and is defined by the appearance of wheals, angioedema, or both. Very recently, the newest update and revision of the international European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/Global Allergy and Asthma European Network/European Dermatology Forum/Asia Pacific Association of Allergy Asthma Clinical Immunology guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria was published. It aims to help primary care physicians and specialists in the management of their patients with urticaria. The guideline applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluations approach to developing consensus recommendations. These recommendations were then discussed in a Delphi conference that included more than 250 specialists in the field, and they are endorsed by more than 50 international societies. Here, we highlight changes from previous versions of the international urticaria guideline and their impact on clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute urticaria is a common dermatological condition in emergency departments (EDs). The main therapy involves controlling pruritus with antihistamines. Although guidelines have promoted the use of corticosteroids in addition to H1 antihistamines, well-designed clinical trials evaluating this approach are scarce.Methods: Adult ED patients with acute urticaria and a pruritus score > 5 on a visual analog scale (VAS) were randomized into three groups: (i) IV chlorpheniramine (CPM) treatment, (ii) IV CPM and IV dexamethasone (CPM/Dex) and (iii) IV CPM and IV dexamethasone with oral prednisolone as discharge medication for 5 days (CPM/Dex/Pred). The primary outcomes were self-reported pruritus VAS scores at 60 min after treatment. We also evaluated 1-week and 1-month urticaria activity scores for 7 days and adverse events.Results: Seventy-five patients (25 per group) were enrolled. The VAS scores of all groups decreased, but no significant difference was found in the VAS scores at 60 min after treatment between patients in the CPM group (n = 25) and those who received both CPM and dexamethasone (n = 50). At the 1-week and 1-month follow-ups, active urticaria (indicated by the urticaria activity score at 7 days) was more prevalent in the CPM/Dex/Pred group (n = 25) than in the control group.Conclusions: The present study did not find evidence that adding IV dexamethasone improves the treatment of severe pruritus from uncomplicated acute urticaria. Oral corticosteroid therapy may be associated with persistent urticaria activity. Due to the lack of clinical benefits and the potential for side effects, using corticosteroids as an adjunctive treatment is discouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Dermatología y Cirugía Dermatológica is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Dermatologia y Cirugia Dermatologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The Urticaria Patient Daily Diary (UPDD) is a validated patient-reported outcome that captures key measures of urticaria disease activity. Objective: To update estimates of the minimal important difference (MID) for urticaria disease activity measures in the UPDD, including the weekly itch severity score, weekly number of hives score, weekly average size of largest hive score, and the composite measure of itch severity and number of hives over 7 days, or urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7). Methods: A total of 975 subjects with chronic idiopathic urticaria from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies completed the UPDD and other patient-reported outcome assessments (the Dermatology Life Quality Index, Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale, the Chronic Urticaria Quality-of-Life Questionnaire, the EuroQoL-5 Dimension Questionnaire) multiple times. MIDs were estimated through a combination of distribution- and anchor-based methods. Results: MID estimates ranged from 4.5 to 5.0 for the weekly itch severity score, 5.0 to 5.5 for weekly hives count score, 9.5 to 10.5 for the UAS7, and 4.0 to 4.5 for the weekly size of the largest hive score. Conclusion: This analysis provided confirmation of the previous MID estimates for the urticaria disease activity measures in the UPDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Local heat urticaria is a physical urticaria caused by the environmental stimulus of heat. Typically, the resultant lesion, a wheal, is pruritic (itches) and Is sometimes accompanied by a burning sensation. It is a self-limited phenomenon that resolves after 1.5-2 h. The prevalence of local heat urticaria in the general population has been estimated as 1 in 200,000 persons. CASE REPORT: The subject, a 39-yr-old active duty man, participated In a test of a 95-GHz energy beam designed to heat the skin. He had delayed presentation of raised, erythematous, nonpruritic, nonpainful areas at five of the exposure sites where the skin temperature exceeded 54°C. All wheals resolved within 2 h of the exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Historia del Derecho is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francophone des Laboratoires is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is a paucity of investigation on which to base the treatment of chronic urticaria after a patient fails maximum therapy with antihistamines. One prospective, open-label, uncontrolled study suggested that mycophenolate mofetil may be a successful second-line therapy. Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in 19 patients with autoimmune and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Methods: In a retrospective chart review, records of patients with autoimmune and chronic idiopathic urticaria who were evaluated between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed. Results: Improvement in urticaria was observed in 89% of patients, specifically 91% of patients with autoimmune urticaria and 88% with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Time to initial improvement ranged from 1 to 9 weeks. In 59% of these patients, complete control of urticaria was achieved, which included 70% of patients with autoimmune urticaria and 43% with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Mean time to complete control was 14 weeks, with a range of less than 1 to 31 weeks. The dose of mycophenolate mofetil at complete control ranged from 1000 to 6000 mg divided twice daily. Mycophenolate mofetil was tapered in 7 of these 10 patients after an average of 7 weeks. Six of the 7 patients tapered then discontinued mycophenolate mofetil with remissions lasting between 2 and 16 weeks up to when the chart review ended. Mycophenolate mofetil was well tolerated with no serious infections or laboratory abnormalities. Gastrointestinal symptoms were most common. Limitations: This was a retrospective chart analysis. The number of patients was relatively small. Conclusions: Mycophenolate mofetil is a useful and well-tolerated second-line therapy for patients with autoimmune and chronic idiopathic urticaria in whom antihistamines and other therapeutic agents have failed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the practice of beekeeping in Spain and France from 1750 to 1850. It examines the technique of the transhumance of hives, which involves the seasonal movement and relocation of beehives. A comparison of beekeeping in France and Spain is made, including a study of the variations in the environment, market, and other social aspects. The author consults tithe-records and municipal documents of the time period in Albacete and Murcia, Spain, as a method of analysis of the distribution of beehives in the region. The wax and honey industries in both Spain and France during this time period are also explored.

The article presents a study which investigates the reproductive behavior, culturing, and colony formation of stingless bee or Tetragonula fuscobalteata and the description of its males cells from worker cells. The study experimented on 80 cells, including 40 worker cells and 40 male cells which are measured with an eyepiece micrometer in a binocular stereo microscope. Results show that the duration of the egg development reduces when temperature rise to 35 Celsius (C) or higher is critical.

Abstract: Study Objective: To review reported adverse events associated with suspected nickel hypersensitivity and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients with Essure implants and to evaluate the correlation of nickel allergy–related adverse events with positive results of nickel patch testing. Design: Case series (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Measurements and Main Results: Reports of suspected nickel hypersensitivity reported from 2001 through July 21, 2010, were collected from de-identified data obtained from the MAUDE (Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience) database and reports to the manufacturer directly from treating physicians, and published results for the 650 patients in the Phase II and Pivotal trials. Clinical outcomes and symptom resolution, when available, were obtained from de-identified information provided by the treating physicians to the manufacturer. Patients were not directly contacted for the study, and patient files were not reviewed. Patch testing was performed at the discretion of the treating physicians. Results were reported as positive or negative, without mention of the method or brand of patch testing used. Conclusion: Even considering the possibility of underreporting by several orders of magnitude, the reported incidence of adverse events suspected to be related to nickel hypersensitivity in patients with Essure micro-inserts is extremely small (0.01%). The incidence of confirmed nickel reactions is even smaller. This very low incidence of clinical reactions is consistent with data from other nickel-containing implantable devices and is reassuring, raising the question of whether nickel reactions are clinically relevant in the use of nitinol-containing micro-inserts for hysteroscopic sterilization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chronic urticaria is a common heterogeneous condition that can be quite debilitating. There are a number of potential causes of urticaria, and the severity and clinical pattern can vary considerably from patient to patient. Eighty to 90% of patients with chronic urticaria have no specific external cause for their disease, which is therefore labeled “chronic idiopathic urticaria.” We now know, however, that up to 30-50% of idiopathic cases may be autoimmune or related to mast cell and basophil abnormalities. There is evidence of an autoantibody to the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcepsilonRI), specifically binding to the alpha-chain (FcepsilonRIalpha), which may be pathogenic. At this point in time, the gold standard for detecting clinically relevant autoantibodies to FcepislonRI is the functional in-vitro donor basophil histamine release assay. The exact prevalence and role of these autoantibodies is still under investigation. Histamine antagonists are the mainstays of therapy. For patients whose symptoms are not controlled by antihistamines alone, there are a number of adjunct therapy options, but there is still a need to develop better agents for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]