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Participants in this study placed emphasis on diversity and inclusion.Participants were exposed to the value of diversity and inclusion in the workplace.Diversity awareness has a positive impact on the college experience. In 2003, the Kansas State University College of Agriculture established a diversity programs office to assist the college with recruitment, retention, and graduation of underrepresented students. The Kansas State University Tilford Group has established standards for multicultural competency development that are founded in three primary discussion areas: knowledge, personal attributes, and skills. After several campus incidents, a university-wide event, KSUnite, was created to educate students and improve campus climate. Because diversity is an invaluable element of education, the Kansas State University College of Agriculture Diversity Programs Office seeks to educate students, faculty, and staff in the areas of cultural competency. To attain this objective, the Kansas State University College of Agriculture Diversity Programs Office co-hosted a diversity summit entitled “Growing Our Mindset” in the fall of 2017. At the conclusion of the summit, participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire that measured their development of cultural competencies as a result of forum participation. Questionnaire results and demographic information were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Overall, attendees responded favorably to the forum and indicated that diversity discussions should continue via an ongoing series. To continue this effort, the diversity programs office will utilize the obtained information to further develop cultural competencies within the College of Agriculture.

•Organizational capacity correlates to number of groups served and services offered.•Smaller organizations tend to offer health and social services, i.e., “survival” assistance.•Larger organizations are more involved in areas related to education and employment.•Fear and ineligibility due to legal status are the service barriers cited most.•Areas for collaboration include advocacy and convening to share best practices.

In the PATHWAY-2 study of resistant hypertension, spironolactone reduced blood pressure substantially more than conventional antihypertensive drugs. We did three substudies to assess the mechanisms underlying this superiority and the pathogenesis of resistant hypertension.

Zooplankton vertical migration enhances the efficiency of the ocean biological pump by translocating carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) below the mixed layer through respiration and excretion at depth. We measured C and N active transport due to diel vertical migration (DVM) in a Svalbard fjord at 79°N. Multifrequency analysis of backscatter data from an Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler moored from January to September 2014, combined with plankton net data, showed that Thysanoessaspp. euphausiids made up > 90% of the diel migrant biomass. Classical synchronous DVM occurred before and after the phytoplankton bloom, leading to a mismatch with intensive primary production during the midnight sun. Zooplankton DVM resulted in C respiration of 0.9 g m−2and ammonium excretion of 0.18 g N m−2below 82 m depth between February and April, and 0.2 g C m−2and 0.04 g N m−2from 11 August to 9 September, representing > 25% and > 33% of sinking flux of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Such contribution of DVM active transport to the biological pump in this high‐Arctic location is consistent with previous measurements in several equatorial to subarctic oceanic systems of the World Ocean. Climate warming is expected to result in tighter coupling between DVM and bloom periods, stronger stratification of the Barents Sea, and northward advection of boreal euphausiids. This may increase the role of DVM in the functioning of the biological pump on the Atlantic side of the Arctic Ocean, particularly where euphausiids are or will be prevalent in the zooplankton community.

Inco alloy MA956 (Fe-20wt%Cr-4.5%Al-0.35%Ti + 3vol% Y2O3-Al2O3) was oxidized in 1 atm of dry, flowing O2at 1400 °C . Good scale-metal adhesion was observed. Some spalling occurred upon cooling, but it remained within the oxide, not through to the bare metal. Cyclic experiments showed good scale adherence. Y was found to segregate to the oxide grain boundaries and by implication to have modified oxidation behavior through a reactive element effect. However, while at lower temperatures Ti was also found to segregate, at 1400 °C very little segregation was detected. Instead, ≈ 0.5µm TiNxparticles were observed in the scale. These particles appear to have cracked the surrounding oxide during cooldown. It is postulated that the spallation observed was due to these particles. MA956 was compared to Kanthal alloy APM (Fe-20%Cr-5.5%Al-0.03%Ti + ≈2vol%ZrO2-Al2O3) and a conventionally-cast Fe-20%Cr-10%Al alloy, in order to study the effect of Y and Ti.

Cr and Cr-bearing alloys possess satisfactorily good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, but they sulfidize catastrophically in sulfur-bearing environments which are encountered frequently in energy conversion systems and in petrochemical industries. Nb, on the other hand, has good sulfidation resistance but poor oxidation resistance at high temperatures. A combination of Cr and Nb is shown to improve the corrosion resistance at high temperatures in oxidizing and sulfidizing environments. Kinetic and microstructural studies of oxidation and sulfidation of Cr-40wt%Nb alloys were preformed at 1173 K in sulfur vapor (PS2= 0.74 atm) . This two phase alloy consists of an fcc Cr2Nb intermetallic phase and small amount of Cr base alloy and shows very good oxidation resistance and appreciable sulfidation resistance in comparison with Fe-45Cr, pure Nb and Fe-40Mo. The dominant oxidation product is Cr2O3, while the sulfidation products are rhomobohedral Cr2S3as an external scale and a Nb sulfide inner scale between the Cr2S3and substrate.

The Arctic Ocean north of Svalbard has recently experienced large sea ice losses and the increasing prominence of Atlantic water (AW) advection. To investigate the impact of these ongoing changes on annual particle export, two moorings with sequential sediment traps were deployed in ice‐free and seasonally ice‐covered waters on the shelf north (NSv) and east (ESv) of Svalbard, collecting sinking particles nearly continuously from October 2017 to October 2018. Vertical export of particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate matter (TPM), planktonic protists, chlorophyll a, and zooplankton fecal pellets were measured, and swimmers were quantified and identified. Combined with sensor data from the moorings, these time‐series measurements provided a first assessment of the factors influencing particle export in this region of the Arctic Ocean. Higher annual TPM and POC fluxes at the ice‐free NSv site were primarily driven by the advection of AW, higher grazing by large copepods, and a wind‐induced mixing event during winter. Higher diatom fluxes were observed during spring in the presence of sea ice at the ESv site. Along with sea ice cover, regional differences in AW advection and the seasonal presence of grazers played a prominent role in the biological carbon pump along the continental shelf off Svalbard. Recently, the area north of Svalbard has experienced the largest reduction of winter sea ice extent in the Arctic Ocean and an increasing influence of warm Atlantic water (AW) in surface waters. The consequences for the marine ecosystem remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the fate of algal production and organic matter by measuring the amount and composition of the material sinking toward the seafloor. Using sediment traps with automatically rotating bottles, the seasonal variability in the quality and quantity of the organic matter sinking to ∼100 m was investigated at two sites with and without winter sea ice on the shelf north and east of Svalbard from 2017 to 2018. Our results suggest that the AW inflow along the shelf break induces a gradient with more zooplankton in the west and more ice in the east. More zooplankton in the west rework the organic matter through grazing, resulting in higher flux of carbon than in the east. Less zooplankton in the east potentially leaves more algal cells to sink ungrazed. As algal fluxes were higher in the presence of sea ice, a future with less sea ice may result in more reworked material sinking to the seafloor. Sea ice melt led to higher springtime and annual diatom fluxes at the seasonally ice‐covered siteAside from algal fluxes, annual particle fluxes were higher at the ice‐free siteAtlantic water advection, zooplankton grazing, wind‐induced mixing, and resuspension contributed to the higher fluxes at the ice‐free site Sea ice melt led to higher springtime and annual diatom fluxes at the seasonally ice‐covered site Aside from algal fluxes, annual particle fluxes were higher at the ice‐free site Atlantic water advection, zooplankton grazing, wind‐induced mixing, and resuspension contributed to the higher fluxes at the ice‐free site

Adenoviral infections were diagnosed in three neonatal lambs that died spontaneously, and no other etiologic agents were identified. Clinical signs were anorexia, weakness, abdominal distention, and sudden death. Microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, multifocal subacute interstitial nephritis, and loss of enterocytes from intestinal villi. Adenovirus inclusions were identified by light microscopy in the kidneys only. Adenoviral antigen, however, was identified in the liver, kidney, and intestine of the lambs by immunohistochemical techniques. An ovine adenovirus serotype 7, not previously isolated from sheep in the United States, was characterized from these lambs.

Models are presented for the successive stages of aggregation and recombination of radiation-induced defects in alkali halides. The construction of our models is assisted by the calculation of defect energies. We concentrate on three main areas: firstly, we consider initial aggregation of H centres, where we propose the formation of a weakly bound di-H centre which collapses into a neutral halogen molecule occupying an interstitial site. Secondly, we consider the thermodynamics of formation of the interstitial loops detected in the electron microscope by Hobbs, Hughes and Pooley (1973). We confirm the previously proposed mechanism by which the loops are created; this involves the displacement of lattice ions to dislocation loops by halogen molecules which occupy the vacancy pairs created. Thirdly, we consider the mechanism of annealing of metal colloids, and suggest that the vacancy-molecule complexes, which are created together with the dislocation loops, may play an important role.

Abstract: Li abundance is determined for 23 halo subdwarfs. About half of the stars show [Fe/H] < −1.4 and a space velocityV > 160 km s−1 Li appears to be present in all our halo stars, with an abundance within about � 0.2 dex of the value logn (Li) = 2.0 found by Spite & Spite (1982). Thus our results provide confirmation of the main conclusion of Spite & Spite.

A new sesterterpene tetronic acid (5) exhibiting antimicrobial activity has been isolated from an Australian marine sponge, Psammocinia sp., and its structure secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The tetronic acid (5) possesses almost identical spectroscopic characteristics to, and is a structural isomer of, the known marine natural product (6) previously reported from an Australian sponge.

A specimen of Dendrilla cactos collected off the coast of New South Wales, Australia, has yielded two new alkaloids, lamellarins Q (19) and R (20), the structures of which were secured by spectroscopic analysis and by chemical derivatization.

Low-temperature transmission electron microscopy wm used to observe directly Suzuki precipitates in single crystals of NaCl: Cd2+ and NaCl: Mg2+. An accelerating voltage of 1000 kV and low beam current densities of the order of 3 Am-2 were used in addition to low temperatures to retard radiation damage to the specimens. Slowly cooled, annealed and quenched specimens of several Cd concentrations were examined and their precipitation sequences compared with the position of the solvus obtained by other techniques. The effect of increasing the Cd concentration on the morphology and coherency of the precipitates was also observed and related to other studies. Matrix dislocations and dislocations arising from the presence of the precipitates were seen and their possible origins and main features are discussed. At the higher doping levels, transformation of the 〈100〉 faces of some of the precipitates takes place. The interfacial dislocation spacing in NaCl: Mg2+ was found to agree with previously calculated values for perfect1/2a〈110〉 dislocations, rather than with complex partial interfacial dislocations, Measurements of ionic conductivity were carried out on NaCl: Cd2+ specimens helonging to the same platelets as those used in the T.E.M. experiments. The analysis developed by Guerrero, Jain and Pratt (1978) was extended to include precipitation and was applied to the ionic conductivity data. The results were correlated with the T.E.M. observations and yielded a value 0·40 ± 0±03 eV for the binding energy of Cd-vacancy dimers.

We have applied procedures designed to reduce substantially the non-random, so-called "fixed-pattern" noise present in IUE spectra to archival long-wavelength light-dispersion spectra of rho Ophiuchi and zeta Ophiuchi. Substantial elimination of the fixed-pattern noise via flat fielding can yield 2-sigma equivalent width limits of 5-10 mA from the sum of a small number (< 5) of well exposed archival spectra, and increases confidence in the reality of any weak features found. Examination of complete long-wavelength ( 2200-3250 A) spectra of these two stars has revealed, in addition to many known strong absorption lines, several lines of Fe I and Si I which had not previously been reported, as well as a small number of opssible unidentified lines. We also present substantially improved upper limits to the equivalent widths of a number of other weak lines; limits an order of mganitude smaller, now achievable with the HST GHRS, should produce detections of some of these.

High-dispersion echelle spectra which include the Li I 6708 A line are reported for four blue stragglers. Two are field Population II stars with Fe/H near -1.4, while the other two are members of the open cluster M 67. The Li I line is not detected in the spectra of any of these four blue stragglers; consequent upper limits on the surface lithium abundances are further deduced from suitable model atmospheres. The upper limits are significantly lower than the initial lithium abundances inferred for the respective stellar populations associated with these blue stragglers. The negative results for the two metal-deficient stars may reveal the existence of a narrow 'lithium gap' along the Population II main sequence. Alternatively, some mechanism associated with the formation and evolution of halo blue stragglers may account for their reduced atmospheric lithium abundance. The negative results in M 67 argue that blue stragglers do not result from delayed star formation, and that blue stragglers do not remain near the main sequence for extended lifetimes as a result of interior mixing, unless the surfaces of such stars are also mixed.

Observations of optical interstellar absorption lines arising from Na I, K I, and/or Ca II are reported in the spectra of HD 72127, Iota1Sco, 102 Her, and 6 Cas. Line components showing strikingly large Ca II/Na I ratios are found toward HD 72127 and are verified for 102 Her. The absorption toward Iota1Sco and 6 Cas illustrates features of the local galactic distribution of interstellar gas.

Abstract: Duplex layers are a very important class of film microstructures and form under a wide variety of conditions on a large number of substrates. In this paper, the available models for duplex layer formation are reviewed in detail and the basic assumptions which are based upon them are examined. The mechanisms of formation of the duplex layers based on microstructural observations in pure Ni and Ni-lat.%Cr systems during high-temperature oxidation are addressed.

Orbital elements for a double-lined spectroscopic binary in the intermediate-age galactic cluster NGC 752 are reported. The binary is located just above the cluster main-sequence turnoff, and is a confirmed proper-motion and radial-velocity member. The equal amplitudes of the primary and the secondary velocity curves indicate that the stars have equal masses.

Spectra of giant stars in the intermediate-age galactic cluster NGC 752 and in the old cluster M67 have been examined for the presence of Li I ?6707. The lithium feature is not present in any of the M67 giants observed, leading to upper-limit abundances of log ?(Li) ? -1.0 to 0.3. While lithium is not present in most NGC 752 giants, the feature is strong in two giants, Heinemann 77 and 208, log ?(Li) = +1.1 and +1.4, respectively. In the remaining giants in NGC 752, log ?(Li) < 0.5. The absence of lithium in M67 giants may be because these giants evolve from progenitors in the region of the main-sequence lithium dip.

The abundance of lithium has been determined for 18 stars in the Pleiades cluster with spectral types from A7 V to G0 V. The pronounced dip in the lithium abundance among the mid-F stars which has been reported for other, older star clusters is not present in the Pleiades. The removal of lithium from the surfaces of middle-F dwarfs therefore occurs principally after about 108years on the main sequence.

The authors describe a procedure designed to obtain increased sensitivity from high-dispersion IUE spectra by using a flat-field spectrum to remove nonrandom noise due to the response pattern of the SEC vidicon detector. Application of this procedure to spectra of ? Oph and ?1Sco near the spin-forbidden interstellar ?2325 line of C II yields 2 ? upper limits on absorption of W?? 4 mÅ. The resulting depletion of carbon from the interstellar gas toward ? Oph exceeds a factor of 1.4.

Abstract: Diffusion of Zn in InP during growth of InP epitaxial layers has been investigated in layer structures consisting of Zn-InP epilayers grown on S-InP and Fe-InP substrates, and on undoped InP epilayers. The layers were grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) atT = 625 C andP = 75 Torr. Dopant diffusion profiles were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). At sufficiently high Zn doping levels ([Zn] ≥8 1017 cm−3) diffusion into S-InP substrates took place, with accumulation of Zn in the substrate at a concentration similar to [S]. Diffusion into undoped InP epilayers produced a diffusion tail at low [Zn] levels, probably associated with interstitial Zn diffusion. For diffusion into Fe-InP, this low level diffusion produced a region of constant Zn concentration at [Zn] ≈ 3 1016 cm−3, due to kick-out of the original Fe species from substitutional sites. We also investigated diffusion out of (Zn, Si) codoped InP epilayers grown on Fe-InP substates. The SIMS profiles were characterised by a sharp decrease in [Zn] at the epilayer-substrate interface; the magnitude of this decrease corresponded to that of the Si donor level in the epilayer. For [Si] ≫ [Zn] in the epilayer no Zn diffusion was observed; Hall measurements indicated that the donor and acceptor species in those samples were electrically active. All these results are consistent with the presence of donor-acceptor interactions in InP, resulting in the formation of ionised donor-acceptor pairs which are immobile, and do not contribute to the diffusion process.

The defect microstructure of NiO scales, formed by oxidation of pure Ni substrates at 1275 K in 3 kPa p(O2) for times between 5 s and 25 h, has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of sections cut and thinned parallel and transverse to the NiO/Ni interface. It has proven possible in both sectioning techniques to preserve portions of the Ni substrate, so that the NiO/Ni interface itself could be studied. The NiO/oxygen interface was additionally retained in transverse sections by electroplating a Ni layer onto the NiO scale surface before sectioning and thinning by argon ion bombardment. The microstructure of scales invariably comprises a submicron layer of fine-grained NiO topotactically related to the substrate in several orientation relationships and overlaid by thick columnar-grained oxide resulting from subsequent renucleation and competitive growth. Enhanced oxidation is observed at the emergence of NiO grain boundaries at the scale surface. Interface structure is observed at the NiO/Ni interface which contains both extrinsic and periodic secondary dislocations.

The crystalline→noncrystalline (metamict) transformation in α-quartz under electron irradiation has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultra-high resolution structure imaging (SI) and convergent beam electron diffraction (CBD). The transformation is radiolytic and proceeds in two stages: heterogeneous nucleation of discrete disordered inclusions and slower homogeneous loss of long-range order in the surrounding matrix. Irradiations of dry lunar quartz and of heated synthetic quartz suggest that the heterogeneous component is associated with incorporated water impurity. Analysis of the homogeneous component by CBD and SI suggests a transformation model in which progressive disorder evolves from stochastic relaxations of radio-lytically-damaged [SiO4] coordination units.

New, high-precision observations of the Li I?6707 blend in the spectra of five halo stars with metallicities in the range -2.0 ? [Fe/H] ? -1.0 yield no positive detections of the lighter isotope at upper limits ranging from 6Li/7Li ? 0.02 to 6Li/7Li ? 0.13. In determining these limits, we removed two constraints that were previously imposed during comparison of the observed and synthetic line profiles. A reanalysis of our previous similar observations of six other halo stars with -2.9 ? [Fe/H] ? -1.1 was also carried out with this same procedure. The reanalysis confirms our earlier detection of 6Li in HD 84937 with an isotopic ratio 6Li/7Li = 0.08 ± 0.04 (1 ?), in agreement with Smith, Lambert, & Nissen, but converts our reported detection of 6Li in HD 201891 to a comparable upper limit only,6Li/7Li ? 0.055. Among the 12 halo stars examined for 6Li at high sensitivity by one or more of three different groups, positive results have been obtained only for the hottest dwarf, HD 84937, and possibly for the hottest subgiant, HD 160617, for which Nissen found 6Li/7Li = 0.0173 ± 0.012 (1 ?). However, the less sensitive upper limits available for three slightly cooler dwarfs exceed the isotopic ratio at which 6Li is seen in HD 84937.

Three new C25 furanoterpenes, hippospongins A−C (5−7); a new C24 furanoterpene, hippospongin D (8); and two new C22 furanoterpenes, hippospongins E and F (9 and 10), were isolated from a southern Australian collection of the marine sponge Hippospongia sp. The hippospongins possess structural features intermediate between C21 furanoterpenes and their putative biosynthetic precursors, C25 tetronic acids. All structures were secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis.

Two new chromenols, namely (R)-2-methyl-2-(4-methylpenta-1,3-dienyl)-2H-chromen-6-ol (7) and 1-[(R)-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-2H-chromen-2-yl]-4-methylpentan-2-one (8), have been isolated from a southern Australian tunicate, Aplidium solidum. The structures of (7) and (8) were assigned by spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute stereochemistry of (7) by chemical degradation.

SIEDENTOPF1observed that sodium chloride crystals containing atomically dispersed F centres turned blue and exhibited Tyndall scattering when annealed at 400° C. These effects were attributed to colloidal particles of sodium metal formed in NaCl crystals by aggregation of F centres during the annealing process. Savostianova2applied the Mie3theory to absorption and scattering of light from colloidal metallic particles suspended in dielectric media and predicted colloid sizes in excess of 80 nm. The blue colour of natural rocksalt, investigated4using optical absorption and photoconductivity, was similarly attributed to colloids. Ionising radiation also produces colloidal absorption bands in irradiated alkali halide crystals under certain conditions5–10.

Introduction and objectives:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin may be particularly well suited for patients with multiple low risk non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) while providing good cosmetic outcomes as compared to standard treatments. The objectives of this study were to prospectively assess the tumor responses and cosmetic outcomes of verteporfin‐treated NMSC.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

The four late-B stars a Scl, 20 Tau, Tau, and Lep show diffuse, shallow He 1 lines together with much narrower stellar Ca ii K lines, according to Abt, Morgan, and Tapscott. New, high-dispersion profiles of the K lines demonstrate the absence of any substantial interstellar contributions to these narrow K lines. Key words: line profiles-interstellar lines