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Metal organophosphonates have been explored in energy-related fields due to their high chemical and thermal stability as a type of uniformly precursor, but only few of pristine metal organophosphonate are directly used for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Here, a mixed-valence iron phosphonate (Fe3-ppat) has been constructed and applied to OER catalysis considered the potential active sites in pillars FeII(H2O)4(COO)2and inorganic layers FeIII(μ2–OH)PO3. Specifically, isostructural trimetallic framework Fe1.7Co0.3Ni1.0-ppatpossesses a minimum overpotential (291 mV), small Tafel slope (91.65 mV dec−1), and high stability up to 83 h. The enhanced catalytic performance could be mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of NiIIequivalent occupancy in pillars and Co/FeIIIin layers.

Titanium-oxide or polyoxotitanate clusters are a new type of inorganic host materials that can encapsulate inorganic molecules or ions. We report herein a (NH4)4(enH2)[Ti18O27(PhCOO)24(en)9] molecular cage (Ti18) that encapsulates an entire organic ethylenediamine (en) ion. A thorough investigation has revealed the extraordinary versatility of en. Besides being a guest cation, it also functions as chelating and bridging ligand. It balances the charge of the negative Ti18cage and facilitates the deprotonation of benzoic acid at the early stage of the reaction as well. DFT calculation and a derivative of Ti18with open sites at its equatorial position shed further light on the formation mechanism. Ti18strongly absorbs visible light as a result of en coordination, and it exhibits superior photocatalytic activity compared to anatase TiO2.

A straightforward global layout of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is imperative for limiting global warming well below 2?°C. Here, we propose a cost-effective strategy for matching carbon sources and sinks on a global scale. Results show 3,093 carbon clusters and 432 sinks in 85 countries and regions are selected to achieve 92?GtCO2mitigation by CCUS, 64% of which will be sequestered into sedimentary basins for aquifer storage and 36% will be used for CO2-EOR (enhanced oil recovery). Of the identified source–sink matching, 80% are distributed within 300?km and are mainly located in China, the United States, the European Union, Russia and India. The total cost is ~0.12% of global cumulative gross domestic product. Of countries with CO2-EOR, 75% will turn into profitable at the oil price over US$100 per barrel. These findings indicate our proposed layout is economically feasible. However, its implementation requires global collaboration on financial and technological transfer.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with excellent proton conducting ability are crucial to fuel cells, chemical sensors, and redox flow batteries, but achieving them remain a challenge because of the difficulty in simultaneous fulfillment of large number of proton carriers, high mobility of protons, and long-term durable proton conduction. To explore a simple, efficient, and general route toward highly proton-conducting MOFs, we propose herein an aliovalent substitution metal strategy for isostructural aminium-templated MOFs which benefit the acquisition of rich proton sources without modifying ligands or exchanging protic organic molecules. This idea is verified by 100-fold enhancement of conductivity in compounds (Me2NH2)2[Cd(mdhbqdc)2] (Cd-BQ) and (Me2NH2) (Me2NH)[In(mdhbqdc)2] (In-BQ) (H2mdhbqdc = dimethyl 3,6-dihydroxy-2,5-benzoquinone-1,4-dicarboxylic acid) that feature three-dimensional diamond-like structures with two-dimensional intersected channels. Accompanied by the in situformation of an anilicate ligand, a great number of −OH groups are grafted onto the inner wall of pores, which interact with neutral Me2NH and/or protonated Me2NH2+cations viaN–H···O hydrogen bonds. The high concentration of protons and dynamics of protic amines in the porous framework readily leads to a moderate conductivity of In-BQ(2.10 × 10–4S cm–1, at 303 K under 95% RH) and an activation energy of 0.73 eV (95% RH). It should be noted that the aliovalent substitution of Cd(II) for In(III) results in the doubling of dimethylaminium proton carriers in Cd-BQ, indicating more frequent hopping and multiple proton-transfer pathways. This indication is supported by a very high protonic conductivity of 2.30 × 10–2S cm–1and a reduced activation energy of 0.48 eV under the same conditions. Molecular dynamics simulations visually elucidate the fact that compared with In-BQ, aliovalent-substituted Cd-BQhas shorter proton-migration distances, which in combination with more proton numbers results in more frequent hopping and sliding of protons, in agreement with the experimental results.

Increased extreme heat is one of the clearest manifestations of climate change, but its impact on household consumption is poorly understood. This paper estimates the effects of high temperatures on total household consumption. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship, with high temperatures (≥ 30∘C) reducing total household consumption by 7.18% compared with the reference group from 5∘C to 10∘C. In the living consumption subcategory, expenditures for eating out decline by 9.59%, whereas expenditures for protective gear, fuel, and housing increase. Expenditures in the going-out category generally decrease but vary with distance, vehicles, and sites. Spending on all types of public transportation and outdoor recreation decreases regardless of distance, whereas private transportation and short-distance indoor recreation expenditures increase slightly. Our findings indicate that households alleviate high-temperature impacts mainly by reducing expenditures outside the home and increasing expenditures on at-home or indoor activities.

Proton-conductive materials have attracted increasing attention because of their broad explorations in chemical sensors, water electrolysis, fuel cells, and biological systems. Especially, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated to be extremely promising candidates as proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Compared with other configurations, MOFs with one-dimensional (1D) channels have the characteristics of enhancing the host–guest interaction and promoting the anisotropic motion of proton carriers in restricted volume, which are beneficial for acquiring rich proton sources and forming successive hydrogen bonds to improve proton conductivity. We are endeavored to screen and find a helical three-dimensional (3D) framework InOF-1, namely, [In2(OH)2(BPTC)]·6H2O (BPTC4–= 3,3′,5,5′-biphenyl tetracarboxylate), as a typical 1D-channel MOF, which is pristinely grafted with spirally distributed −OH groups on the channel surface. Accompanied by an aliovalent substitution Ni(II) for In(III), isostructural NiOF-1([Ni2(BPTC)(HCOOH)2]·3H2O) is successfully prepared and massive formic acids are anchored at interior walls, which are interacted with adsorbed water molecules viathe formation of stronger O–H···O bonds. This interaction between host–guest molecules and dynamics of lattice water has already led to a remarkable conductivity of InOF-1(σ = 7.86 × 10–3S/cm at 328 K under 95% RH). The synergistic effect of the acidic-modified nanowall, contracted volume, and enhanced adsorption of water molecules in the NiOF-1channel contributes to a high conductivity value of 3.41 × 10–2S/cm (at 328 K under 95% RH). Moreover, the proton conduction mechanism is further visually presented by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. In contrast to InOF-1, aliovalent-substituted and acidic-modified NiOF-1has a stronger host–guest interaction and more abundant hydrogen-bond networks, resulting in shorter proton migration distances and more frequent proton hopping, in agreement with the experimental results.

The first coordination polymer of 2,2′-oxydisuccinate, Cd2meso-odscH2O odsc meso-2,2′-oxydisuccinate, was hydrothermally synthesized from CdSO4and d,l-malic acid; X-ray crystallography shows that the d,l-malic acid was transformed in situinto meso-odsc viaintermolecular dehydration coupling.

The first coordination polymer of 2,2'-oxydisuccinate, [Cd₂(meso-odsc)(H₂O)] (odsc = meso-2,2'-oxydisuccinate), was hydrothermally synthesized from CdSO₄ and d,l-malic acid; X-ray crystallography shows that the d,l-malic acid was transformed in situ into meso-odsc via intermolecular dehydration coupling.