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A dynamic AIDS model was employed to estimate the expenditure, own-price, and cross elasticity of five major import source countries for shrimp, salmon, albacore and tuna, crab, and cuttlefish in Japan. Our findings show that COVID-19 has had no significant impact on Japan’s fishery imports in the short term. The expenditure elasticities of fishery imports in Japan are greater than 1 or close to 1, implying that consumers in Japan have a relatively high dependence on fishery imports. Specifically, the expenditure elasticities of shrimp and cuttlefish imports from Vietnam, albacore and tuna imports from Australia, and crab imports from Russia are close to 1, while their own-price elasticities are the least sensitive compared with other import source countries, suggesting a greater export potential in the Japanese market.

The hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of an organic–inorganic hybrid compound [WO3(2,2′-bipy)] (2,2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) is presented. This compound was characterized by various techniques including Raman and IR spectroscopy, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. Structural analysis of the compound by Raman and IR data shows that it has a novel tungstate structure with 2,2′-bipy coordinated to tungsten. The X-ray powder diffraction data of the compound are indexed to a monoclinic cell with a=14.313(4), b=9.603(2), c=7.288(2) 4;Å,β=102.07(2)°. The structure of [WO3(2,2′-bip\y)] adopts a chain-like framework consisting of corner-shared distorted octahedra (WO4N2 ) with 2,2′-bipy acting as a bidentate ligand whose rings fan out from the chain. Upon heating, [WO3(2,2′-bipy)] retains its structural integrity until 300 °C, followed by a gradual loss of 2,2′-bipy which leads to the formation of WO3 at ca. 475°C. The thermal decomposition is observed to proceed through a transitional intermediate, [W4O12(2,2′-bipy)], the structure of which is proposed and discussed.