409 results on '"Hsu, Li"'
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2. Machine Learning in GNSS Multipath/NLOS Mitigation: Review and Benchmark
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Xu, Penghui, Zhang, Guohao, Yang, Bo, and Hsu, Li-Ta
- Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning accuracy is degraded in urban canyons due to signal blockages and reflections, which is still a major challenge. Recently, using machine learning to improve the accuracy of GNSS positioning in urban areas has become a new trend. This article summarizes the works focused on GNSS multipath/non-light-of-sight (NLOS) mitigation using machine learning. The review of the studies is categorized based on the input features, algorithms, and outputs. The categorization shows that the received signal strength, elevation angle, and receiver correlator outputs from a single channel of satellite signal are the most popular input features. For the algorithm selection, the support vector machine and fully connected neural network are the algorithms most widely used. In terms of the outputs, most of the works made improvements in measurement status prediction, namely, LOS, multipath, and NLOS. Besides, this article also provides an open-source dataset with four scenarios for machine learning algorithms for the GNSS multipath/NLOS mitigation. Finally, the benchmarks are established based on the proposed dataset and the FCNN and least-squares estimation to enable performance evaluation in Kaggle.
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- 2024
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3. Optogenetic fMRI reveals therapeutic circuits of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.
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Li, Yuhui, Lee, Sung-Ho, Yu, Chunxiu, Hsu, Li-Ming, Wang, Tzu-Wen W., Do, Khoa, Kim, Hyeon-Joong, Shih, Yen-Yu Ian, and Grill, Warren M.
- Abstract
While deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely employed for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), its exact circuit mechanisms remain controversial. To identify the neural targets affected by therapeutic DBS in PD, we analyzed DBS-evoked whole brain activity in female hemi-parkinsonian rats using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We delivered subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS at various stimulation pulse repetition rates using optogenetics, allowing unbiased examination of cell-type specific STN feedforward neural activity. Unilateral optogenetic STN DBS elicited pulse repetition rate-dependent alterations of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals in SNr (substantia nigra pars reticulata), GP (globus pallidus), and CPu (caudate putamen). Notably, this modulation effectively ameliorated pathological circling behavior in animals expressing the kinetically faster Chronos opsin, but not in animals expressing ChR2. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that the pulse repetition rate-dependent behavioral rescue was significantly mediated by optogenetic DBS induced activity changes in GP and CPu, but not in SNr. This suggests that the activation of GP and CPu are critically involved in the therapeutic mechanisms of STN DBS. • Cell-type specific optogenetic STN DBS improved motor symptoms in PD rats. • Optogenetic STN DBS modulated BOLD signals in SNr, GP, and CPu. • Therapeutic and BOLD effects dependent on stimulating pulse repetition rate. • Mediation analysis showed how DBS-induced activity changes mediated symptom relief. • GP and CPu, but not SNr, were critically involved in STN DBS therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Investigation of SERS Studies on Periodic Patterned ZnO Nanorod Array Fabricated Using Silica Inverse Opal Nanostructure as a Template.
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Hsu, Chih-Hsien, Hsu, Li-Cheng, Chen, Ching-Hsiang, Chen, Liang-Yih, and Lai, Chao-Sung
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- 2024
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5. Burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in low-income and middle-income countries avertible by existing interventions: an evidence review and modelling analysis
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Lewnard, Joseph A, Charani, Esmita, Gleason, Alec, Hsu, Li Yang, Khan, Wasif Ali, Karkey, Abhilasha, Chandler, Clare I R, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Khan, Ejaz Ahmed, Bulabula, Andre N H, Donado-Godoy, Pilar, and Laxminarayan, Ramanan
- Abstract
National action plans enumerate many interventions as potential strategies to reduce the burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, knowledge of the benefits achievable by specific approaches is needed to inform policy making, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with substantial AMR burden and low health-care system capacity. In a modelling analysis, we estimated that improving infection prevention and control programmes in LMIC health-care settings could prevent at least 337 000 (95% CI 250 200–465 200) AMR-associated deaths annually. Ensuring universal access to high-quality water, sanitation, and hygiene services would prevent 247 800 (160 000–337 800) AMR-associated deaths and paediatric vaccines 181 500 (153 400–206 800) AMR-associated deaths, from both direct prevention of resistant infections and reductions in antibiotic consumption. These estimates translate to prevention of 7·8% (5·6–11·0) of all AMR-associated mortality in LMICs by infection prevention and control, 5·7% (3·7–8·0) by water, sanitation, and hygiene, and 4·2% (3·4–5·1) by vaccination interventions. Despite the continuing need for research and innovation to overcome limitations of existing approaches, our findings indicate that reducing global AMR burden by 10% by the year 2030 is achievable with existing interventions. Our results should guide investments in public health interventions with the greatest potential to reduce AMR burden.
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- 2024
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6. Orthodontic correction of acquired open bite with TMJ degeneration: A retrospective study of outcomes and stability.
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Hsu, Li-Fan, Liu, Yi-Jen, Wang, Shin-Huei, Chen, Yunn-Jy, Chen, Yi-Jane, and Yao, Chung-Chen Jane
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CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,ORTHODONTIC appliances ,YOUNG adults ,TEMPOROMANDIBULAR joint ,TEMPOROMANDIBULAR disorders - Abstract
Newly developed temporary anchorage devices (TADs) serve a strong orthodontic anchorage to intrude molars for correction of anterior open bite (AOB). We measured cephalometric changes in skeletal open bite patients which developed subsequently to temporomandibular joint disorders with bilateral point contacts at terminal molars. We retrospectively recruited 32 patients who had been treated their TMD before orthodontic correction (overbite: −3.14 ± 1.86 mm). Partial orthodontic appliances were used to intrude posterior teeth using TADs until positive OB obtained (T1). Full fixed appliances were then used to achieve proper overjet and overbite (T2). We collected lateral cephalograms before (T0), during (T1) and after (T2) treatment, and at follow-ups (T3). Using ANOVA, we analyzed the differences among these time points to determine treatment changes and stability of orthodontic results. In this group predominantly comprising young adult women, orthodontic treatment with TADs significantly reduced upper posterior dental heights (T2-T0:-1.84 ± 0.66 mm) and facilitated the retraction and uprighting upper incisors (T2-T0: −9.92 ± 1.72°), to achieve appropriate OJ (T2-T0: −3.21 ± 0.49 mm) and OB (T2-T0: 4.10 ± 0.28 mm) with p < 0.05. Except upper posterior dental height, most of cephalometric changes including OJ, OB, and upper incisal axis remained significant at follow-ups with retention time of 3.7 ± 2.6 years. Only three out of 30 patients experienced small amount of open bite at T3. Orthodontic correction of OJ remained relatively stable among 90 % of patients with TMJ degeneration by intrusion via TADs. This modern but conservative orthodontic approach can improve occlusal functions in skeletal open bites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Molecular signaling and mechanisms of low-level laser-induced gene expression in cells involved in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Ratanasereeprasert, Nutthakarn, Hsu, Li-Fang, Wang, Shih-Kai, Chen, Yi-Jane, Chang, Jui-Heng, and Yao, Chung-Chen Jane
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CORRECTIVE orthodontics ,GENE expression ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,PHOTOBIOMODULATION therapy ,GENETIC regulation - Abstract
The study aimed to observe molecular signaling, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), to evaluate the alteration of gene expression by low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and the correlation between its mechanisms and the NF-kB pathway in cells involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Osteoblast-like cells (MG63), immortalized periodontal ligament cells (iPDL), and M1 macrophage-like cells were irradiated by 980-nm LLLT with energy densities of 1 and 10 J/cm
2 ΔΨm and intracellular ROS were monitored using fluorescent probes. The changes of mRNA expression were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NF-kB inhibitor, ROS scavenger, and ΔΨm suppressor were used to analyze signals associated with the regulation of gene expression. Finally, Western blot analysis was performed to confirm NF-kB signaling after LLLT. We found the increases of ΔΨm and ROS in all three cell types after LLLT, but no significant difference was observed between 1 and 10 J/cm2 LLLT. Regarding gene expression, some target genes were upregulated in MG63 6 h, 12 h, and 1 day after LLLT and in iPDL cells 12 h and 1 day after LLLT. However, no changes occurred in M1 cells. The inhibitor that significantly reduced most changes in gene expression was NF-kB inhibitor. Western blot analysis showed the increase in p-IkBα level after LLLT in iPDL and MG63, but not in M1. The 980-nm LLLT increased ΔΨm and ROS production in all three cell types. However, changes in gene regulation were found only in MG63 and iPDL cells, which related to the NF-kB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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8. A robust vector tracking loop structure based on potential bias analysis
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JIA, Qiongqiong, LUO, Yiran, XU, Bing, HSU, Li-Ta, and WU, Renbiao
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This paper proposes a robust vector tracking loop structure based on potential bias analysis. The influence of four kinds of biases on the existing two implementations of Vector Tracking Loops (VTLs) is illustrated by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, and the following findings are obtained. Firstly, the initial user state bias leads to steady navigation solution bias in the relative VTL, while new measurements can eliminate it in the absolute VTL. Secondly, the initial code phase bias is transferred to the following navigation solutions in the relative VTL, while new measurements can eliminate it in the absolute VTL. Thirdly, the user state bias induced by erroneous navigation solution of VTLs can be eliminated by both of the two VTLs. Fourthly, the multipath/NLOS likely affects the two VTLs, and the induced tracking bias in the duration of the multipath/NLOS would decrease the performance of VTLs. Based on the above analysis, a robust VTL structure is proposed, where the absolute VTL is selected for its robustness to the two kinds of initialization biases; meanwhile, the instant bias detection and correction method is used to improve the performance of VTLs in the duration of the multipath/NLOS. Numerical simulations and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust VTL structure.
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- 2024
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9. Comparing Low- or Standard-Dose Alteplase in Endovascular Thrombectomy: Insights From a Nationwide Registry
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Chen, Chih-Hao, Lee, Chung-Wei, Hsieh, Yi-Chen, Lin, Chun-Jen, Chen, Yu-Wei, Lin, Kuan-Hung, Sung, Pi-Shan, Tang, Chih-Wei, Chu, Hai-Jui, Tsai, Kun-Chang, Chou, Chao-Liang, Lin, Ching-Huang, Wei, Cheng-Yu, Yen, Shang-Yih, Chen, Po-Lin, Yeh, Hsu-Ling, Chan, Lung, Sung, Sheng-Feng, Lee, Meng, Liu, Hon-Man, Lin, Yen-Heng, Lee, I-Hui, Yeh, Shin-Joe, Lien, Li-Ming, Chiou, Hung-Yi, Lee, Jiunn-Tay, Tang, Sung-Chun, Jeng, Jiann-Shing, Tang, Sung-Chun, Jeng, Jiann-Shing, Lee, Chung-Wen, Chen, Chih-Hao, Lin, Yen-Heng, Yeh, Shin-Joe, Lee, Bo-Ching, Chung, Tai-Chun, Lin, Chun-Jen, Lee, I-Hui, Chi, Nai-Fang, Hsu, Li-Chi, Chung, Chih-Ping, Liu, Hung-Yu, Luo, Chao-Bao, Chang, Feng-Chi, Lin, Chung-Jung, Wu, Chia-Hung, Yu, Kai-Wei, Hwang, Hsuen-En, Lin, Te-Ming, Chen, Yu-Wei, Chen, Chi-Jen, Wang, Ching-Yi, Kuo, Yeh-Lin, Lu, Ping-Sheng, Chao, Yen-Tung, Su, Yi-Hsin, Lin, Pei-Ju, Chen, Yi-Chun, Fan, Li-Ling, Yang, Ju-Fang, Lin, Kuan-Hung, Lin, Chien-Jen, Yang, Sheng-Hsiang, Yang, Chun-Ming, Lin, Huey-Juan, Yeh, Poh-Shiow, Chang, Chia-Yu, Cheng, Tian-Junn, Lee, Wei-Jia, Ko, Ching-Chung, Tsui, Yu-Kun, Shih, Yun-Ju, Wu, Te-Chang, Sung, Pi-Shan, Chang Chun-Min Wang, Yu-Ming, Huang, Chih-Yuan, Chen, Chih-Hung, Hsieh, Meng-Tsang, Ou, Chang-Hsien, Lin, Wan-Ching, Chen, Li-Ching, Ann, Bi-Shin, Tang, Chih-Wei, Lai, Yen-Jun, Huang, Lih-Wen, Kuo, Ya-Ling, Peng, Szu-Hsiang, Pai Lin, Yi-Chun, Chu, Hai-Jui, Lin, Cheng-Huai, Sun, Yu, Lu, Chien-Jung, Lee, Chun-Yu, Liu, Chang-Hsiu, Tsai, Kun-Chang, Chen, Kuo-Wei, Tsai, Li-Kai, Hsiue, Yen-Chung, Cheng, Ya-Wen, Fu, Chuan-Hsiu, Chen, Wen-Yu, Chou, Chao-Liang, Po, Helen L., Lin, Ya-Ju, Hwang, Yung-Pin, Kuo, Shu-Fan, Huang, Chun-Chao, Jhou, Zong-Yi, Yu, Hui-Fen, Lin, Hsiao-Chu, Wei, Cheng-Yu, Chen, Chih-Lin, Wu, Pei-han, Tsai, Yi-Ching, Yen, Shang-Yih, Lee, Jiunn-tay, Chou, Chung-Hsing, Ko, Chien-An, Chen, Po-Lin, Tsuei, Yuang-Seng, Chen, Wen-Hsien, Liao, Nien-Chen, Liaw, Yeng-Fung, Yeh, Hsu-Ling, Lien, Li-Ming, Hsiao, Chen-Yu, Lin, Kuan-Yu, Yang, Tsui-Hua, Chan, Lung, Chen, Jia-Hung, Yu, Shun-Fan, Su, I-Chang, Lu, Yueh-Hsun, Sung, Sheng-Feng, Yang, Tzu-Hsien, Hsu, Yung-Chu, Su, Yu-Hsiang, Hung, Ling-Chien, Lin, Mao-Hsun, Su, Chien-Yu, Liu, Hon-Man, Huang, Yung-Chuan, Wan, Chih-Cheng, Lin, Ching-Huang, Yen, Cheng- Chang, Shih, Ching-Sen, Lin, Chun-Shien, Lee, Meng, Tsai, Yuan-Hsiung, Huang, Yen-Chu, Hung, Wei-Tse, and Lee, Jiann-Der
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- 2024
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10. Dynamic Object-Aware LiDAR Odometry Aided by Joint Weightings Estimation in Urban Areas
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Huang, Feng, Wen, Weisong, Zhang, Jiachen, Wang, Chaoqun, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Dynamic object detection from point clouds has been widely studied in recent years to achieve accurate and robust LiDAR odometry for autonomous driving. Satisfactory accuracy can be achieved by dynamic object detection from point clouds has been widely studied in recent years to achieve accurate and robust LiDAR odometry for autonomous driving. Satisfactory accuracy can be achieved by detecting and removing the object points in the urban environment. However, it is still not clear how dynamic objects numerically affect the performance of LiDAR odometry. In addition, the existing solutions tended to directly remove the LiDAR features belonging to the dynamic object, which can lead to the degradation of the geometry constraints of the surrounding features. This paper aims to give answers to these problems by evaluating the effects of dynamic objects as well as reweighting both dynamic objects and static objects. Three factors affecting the performance of LiDAR odometry in highly dynamic scenarios, including the number, geometry distribution, and velocity of the dynamic objects, are first extensively studied using generated scenarios by leveraging real data. Instead of brutely removing the dynamic features, this paper proposes to adaptively assign weightings to the dynamic features. Then both the dynamic and static features are employed to estimate the LiDAR odometry. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using UrbanNav and nuScenes datasets that include numerous dynamic and static objects. To benefit the community, the implementation of the dynamic vehicle simulator and the code for the proposed method are both open-sourced.
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- 2024
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11. Selection, optimization and validation of ten chronic disease polygenic risk scores for clinical implementation in diverse US populations
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Lennon, Niall J., Kottyan, Leah C., Kachulis, Christopher, Abul-Husn, Noura S., Arias, Josh, Belbin, Gillian, Below, Jennifer E., Berndt, Sonja I., Chung, Wendy K., Cimino, James J., Clayton, Ellen Wright, Connolly, John J., Crosslin, David R., Dikilitas, Ozan, Velez Edwards, Digna R., Feng, QiPing, Fisher, Marissa, Freimuth, Robert R., Ge, Tian, Glessner, Joseph T., Gordon, Adam S., Patterson, Candace, Hakonarson, Hakon, Harden, Maegan, Harr, Margaret, Hirschhorn, Joel N., Hoggart, Clive, Hsu, Li, Irvin, Marguerite R., Jarvik, Gail P., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Khan, Atlas, Khera, Amit, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Kullo, Iftikhar, Larkin, Katie, Limdi, Nita, Linder, Jodell E., Loos, Ruth J. F., Luo, Yuan, Malolepsza, Edyta, Manolio, Teri A., Martin, Lisa J., McCarthy, Li, McNally, Elizabeth M., Meigs, James B., Mersha, Tesfaye B., Mosley, Jonathan D., Musick, Anjene, Namjou, Bahram, Pai, Nihal, Pesce, Lorenzo L., Peters, Ulrike, Peterson, Josh F., Prows, Cynthia A., Puckelwartz, Megan J., Rehm, Heidi L., Roden, Dan M., Rosenthal, Elisabeth A., Rowley, Robb, Sawicki, Konrad Teodor, Schaid, Daniel J., Smit, Roelof A. J., Smith, Johanna L., Smoller, Jordan W., Thomas, Minta, Tiwari, Hemant, Toledo, Diana M., Vaitinadin, Nataraja Sarma, Veenstra, David, Walunas, Theresa L., Wang, Zhe, Wei, Wei-Qi, Weng, Chunhua, Wiesner, Georgia L., Yin, Xianyong, and Kenny, Eimear E.
- Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have improved in predictive performance, but several challenges remain to be addressed before PRSs can be implemented in the clinic, including reduced predictive performance of PRSs in diverse populations, and the interpretation and communication of genetic results to both providers and patients. To address these challenges, the National Human Genome Research Institute-funded Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network has developed a framework and pipeline for return of a PRS-based genome-informed risk assessment to 25,000 diverse adults and children as part of a clinical study. From an initial list of 23 conditions, ten were selected for implementation based on PRS performance, medical actionability and potential clinical utility, including cardiometabolic diseases and cancer. Standardized metrics were considered in the selection process, with additional consideration given to strength of evidence in African and Hispanic populations. We then developed a pipeline for clinical PRS implementation (score transfer to a clinical laboratory, validation and verification of score performance), and used genetic ancestry to calibrate PRS mean and variance, utilizing genetically diverse data from 13,475 participants of the All of Us Research Program cohort to train and test model parameters. Finally, we created a framework for regulatory compliance and developed a PRS clinical report for return to providers and for inclusion in an additional genome-informed risk assessment. The initial experience from eMERGE can inform the approach needed to implement PRS-based testing in diverse clinical settings.
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- 2024
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12. Development of a prediction model for emergency medical service witnessed traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multicenter cohort study.
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Wang, Shao-An, Chang, Chih-Jung, Do Shin, Shan, Chu, Sheng-En, Huang, Chun-Yen, Hsu, Li-Min, Lin, Hao-Yang, Hong, Ki Jeong, Jamaluddin, Sabariah Faizah, Son, Do Ngoc, Ramakrishnan, T.V., Chiang, Wen-Chu, Sun, Jen-Tang, and Huei-Ming Ma, Matthew
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EMERGENCY medical services ,CARDIAC arrest ,PREDICTION models ,EMERGENCY medical technicians ,SYSTOLIC blood pressure - Abstract
To develop a prediction model for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to identify trauma patients at high risk of deterioration to emergency medical service (EMS)-witnessed traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) on the scene or en route. We developed a prediction model using the classical cross-validation method from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) database from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years were transported to the hospital by the EMS. The primary outcome (EMS-witnessed TCA) was defined based on changes in vital signs measured on the scene or en route. We included variables that were immediately measurable as potential predictors when EMTs arrived. An integer point value system was built using multivariable logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test were used to examine discrimination and calibration in the derivation and validation cohorts. In total, 74,844 patients were eligible for database review. The model comprised five prehospital predictors: age <40 years, systolic blood pressure <100 mmHg, respiration rate >20/minute, pulse oximetry <94%, and levels of consciousness to pain or unresponsiveness. The AUROC in the derivation and validation cohorts was 0.767 and 0.782, respectively. The HL test revealed good calibration of the model (p = 0.906). We established a prediction model using variables from the PATOS database and measured them immediately after EMS personnel arrived to predict EMS-witnessed TCA. The model allows prehospital medical personnel to focus on high-risk patients and promptly administer optimal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Orthodontically induced changes to the genetic profile in periodontal ligament tissue and cytokine release in gingival crevicular fluid – A pilot investigation.
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Ratanasereeprasert, Nutthakarn, Hsu, Li-Fang, Wang, Shih-Kai, and Jane Yao, Chung-Chen
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GENETIC profile ,PERIODONTAL ligament ,GINGIVAL fluid ,IMPACTION of teeth ,DENTITION ,GENE expression ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics - Abstract
It has been known that genetic factors influence orthodontic tooth movement, however, scientific research on humans is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate dynamic changes to the genetic profile in human periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and cytokine release in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during the first 28 days of orthodontic treatment. Fifteen teeth from three patients were recruited. Full-mouth fixed appliances with extraction of four premolars and one maxillary third molar was planned for orthodontic treatment. GCF collection and tooth extraction were performed following force application for 0, 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. GCF was analyzed using multiplex immunoassay for 27 cytokines. PDL tissue was collected after extraction and submitted for RNA exome-sequencing using Illumina sequencing platform. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and heatmaps were conducted. GCF cytokine levels varied among three patients; some patients exhibited a peak cytokine level on Day 0 whereas others did so on Days 1–3. In RNA exome sequencing data, GO and KEGG analyses showed that genes associated with sensory receptors were upregulated on Day 1, genes involved in bone remodeling were upregulated on Days 3 and 28, and genes related to osteoclast differentiation were upregulated on Day 7. RNA sequencing data demonstrate that the specific types of genes are expressed at different time points, whereas the data on cytokine changes show a large variation in concentration levels and dynamic change patterns among the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Toward Persistent Spatial Awareness: A Review of Pedestrian Dead Reckoning-Centric Indoor Positioning With Smartphones
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Bai, Shiyu, Wen, Weisong, Li, You, Shi, Chuang, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Navigating to a destination using smartphones has recently become a primary way in people’s daily lives. Positioning is the prerequisite condition before efficient path planning can be achieved. In urban environments, people can self-localize with the aid of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). However, last-mile navigation is still a challenge for pedestrians as current indoor positioning techniques cannot provide an accurate position. For the past few years, many researchers in academia and industry have thrown themselves into smartphone-based indoor positioning. Various solutions have been proposed to enable accurate and reliable position solutions. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a popular positioning method as it is self-contained and outperforms inertial navigation. Also, other information from sensor data features and infrastructures, such as radio frequency (RF), can ensure the positioning service. At present, there are various indoor positioning reviews available to summarize current techniques. However, they focus primarily on separate positioning methods rather than integration. This article aims to comprehensively review PDR-centric indoor positioning using smartphones. It covers the basic concept of PDR and its integration with other information, examining both infrastructure-free and infrastructure-dependent approaches. Furthermore, this article outlines key considerations for conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis of the algorithm. Finally, the challenges and future research trends are given. This article can help readers understand the features of different PDR-centric integrations. It also contributes to the design of more robust solutions to satisfy the ever-increasing demand for indoor positioning.
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- 2024
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15. In-situ monitoring and online prediction of keyhole depth in laser welding by coaxial imaging
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Núñez, Henrique H.L., Hsu, Li-Wei, Ribeiro, Kandice S.B., Salminen, Antti, and Bessa, Wallace M.
- Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of welding penetration and the role of process parameters is crucial for ensuring high-quality joints in laser welding. In-situ process monitoring can aid in detection of defects, reducing material usage and time-consuming inspection operations. In this study, we propose a novel approach for online prediction of keyhole depth in laser welding operations. Using in-process images captured with a coaxial camera and active illumination, our software employs pre-trained CNNs from the EfficientNet and DenseNet families to extract features. These features serve as input for data-efficient regression models, trained to predict the keyhole depth. The results have shown that both methods yield percentage errors of approximately 3%. Ultimately, this methodology facilitates real-time analysis of welding operations.
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- 2024
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16. Evaluation of different surface topography measurement methodologies for characterizing weld beads in shipbuilding
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Hsu, Li-Wei, Chozaki, Saeid Parchegani, Barros Ribeiro, Kandice Suane, Bessa, Wallace Moreira, and Salminen, Antti
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The weld bead is crucial in identifying defects during laser welding, aiding in the evaluation of weld strength and quality. However, accurately monitoring and identifying defects with cameras can be challenging in the preassembly phase. This paper compares surface topography of laser weld beads using in-process Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and post-process Focus Variation Microscopy (FVM). Both techniques were employed on welded A36 structural steel plates to detect the surface defects. The weld profile was evaluated according to EN ISO 13919-1, and the quality level B was given to the surface topography measurement from both techniques. The correspondence between these two methodologies is imperative for implementing profile data in advanced monitoring systems. Thus, by reducing the delay between defect formation and inspection, this paper supports a more intelligent welding process, particularly in the shipbuilding industry.
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- 2024
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17. Ray-Tracing Correction for GNSS Velocity Estimation Using Doppler Frequency: A Feasibility Analysis
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Zhang, Liyuan, Ng, Hoi-Fung, Zhang, Guohao, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Accurate positioning from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is critical for various civil applications, such as location-based services (LBSs) and intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). GNSS Doppler frequency can provide reliable velocity estimation to improve the positioning performance. Unfortunately, the quality of Doppler frequency measurements can be significantly degraded in urban canyons. This is due to the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions altering the incoming signal direction and its dynamic characteristics. Thus, correcting the NLOS error on Doppler frequency is essential for the velocity as well as position estimation in urban canyons. The 3-D mapping-aided (3DMA) GNSS is a promising technique for NLOS error correction. Its effectiveness on pseudorange measurements has been well proven. However, its feasibility on Doppler frequency correction has not been investigated yet. Therefore, this article first verifies the feasibility of ray tracing in modeling Doppler frequency. Then, an urban Doppler frequency assessment is conducted. Finally, the effectiveness of ray tracing in correcting velocity estimation accuracy is evaluated. The assessment and evaluation assessment are conducted via experiments in both open-sky and urban areas. The results demonstrate that ray tracing has an excellent capability in modeling the NLOS Doppler frequency, which reduces the corresponding measurement error by 62.8% in average and the root-mean-square (RMS) of velocity estimation error by 51.92%.
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- 2024
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18. Factor Graph Optimization-Based GNSS PPP-RTK: An Alternative Platform to Study Urban GNSS Precise Positioning
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Xin, Shaoming, Geng, Jianghui, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) PPP-RTK technique, which integrates the superiorities of precise point positioning (PPP) and real-time kinematic (RTK), is increasingly attracting people's attention in recent years. This article proposes a factor graph optimization (FGO) based GNSS PPP-RTK method to provide an alternative platform to study urban GNSS precise positioning. Instead of a batch FGO estimator, the proposed method uses the sliding-window method to meet the real-time requirement. Pseudorange, carrier-phase measurements, atmospheric corrections at each epoch, and Doppler velocity and atmospheric variations between the adjacent epochs are integrated to estimate receiver positions. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method by carrying out static and kinematic experiments in different scenarios. Two static experiments based on the data from a base station in an open-sky environment and a low-cost GNSS receiver in a typical urban environment can both obtain centimeter-level positioning results. Two kinematic experiments using a low-cost GNSS receiver experiment in two complex urban canyons in Hong Kong achieve the mean horizontal positioning error of the real-time results of 1.606 m and 4.055 m, respectively. Compared with the existing classic PPP-RTK methods based on Kalman filters, the proposed method improves the availability of the positioning result. It mitigates in part large positioning errors, ensuring that the maximum horizontal positioning error is less than 10 m in complex urban environments.
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- 2024
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19. An Improved Inertial Preintegration Model in Factor Graph Optimization for High Accuracy Positioning of Intelligent Vehicles
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Zhang, Liang, Wen, Weisong, Hsu, Li-Ta, and Zhang, Tao
- Abstract
Accurate and reliable positioning is of great importance for the realization of intelligent vehicles (IV). Factor graph optimization (FGO) has been popularized in the field of robotics for state estimation. As a ubiquitous sensor, the IMU is widely used for vehicular positioning based on the preintegration theory using FGO. However, the existing preintegration model fails to consider the earth's rotation, which challenges the attitude and positioning performance of vehicles equipped with high-precision inertial measurement units (IMU). To fill this gap, an accurate IMU factor that accounts for the earth's rotation rate is designed in this article. First, an exact preintegration measurement model is derived based on a high-precision inertial navigation system (INS) mechanization. The proposed factor is more accurate and it enables the application of the FGO more suitable for inertial-based integrated navigation with different precision IMUs. In both simulation and field tests, the INS/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) integration, as a representative of inertial-based integrated navigation, is used to verify the performance of the proposed preintegration factor. The navigation results using our experimental car reveal that the proposed model leads to a more accurate estimation, outperforming the traditional preintegration models, especially in the aspect of attitude estimation.
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- 2024
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20. An Anti-Spoofing Model Based on MVM and MCCM for a Loosely-Coupled GNSS/INS /LiDAR Kalman Filter
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Chang, Jiachong, Zhang, Ya, Fan, Shiwei, Huang, Feng, Xu, Dingjie, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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GNSS/INS/LiDAR-based Multi-Sensor Fusion (MSF) systems facilitate the efficient integration of multiple navigation sensors to deliver stable and dependable positioning outcomes in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). Generally, AVs are bound to operate in diverse scenarios. However, state-of-the-art spoofing attack algorithms can identify vulnerable periods of MSF systems and execute aggressive GNSS spoofing in certain specific scenarios with high success rates. The present study proposes a security defense algorithm for MSF systems based on an enhanced Kalman filter, incorporating the Measurement Variance Monitoring (MVM) and Minimum Constraint of Covariance Matrix (MCCM) model. MVM effectively constrains the impact of GNSS signals with large positioning errors, thereby mitigating the adverse effects caused by spoofing attacks. MCCM fully leverages LiDAR information between two consecutive GNSS signals to enhance the credibility of LiDAR measurements, thus improving the positioning correction capability. Furthermore, considering the diverse application environments of AVs, this paper primarily focuses on sensor uncertainty variation and validates different models in varying scenarios. Ultimately, real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed anti-spoofing model, which can significantly mitigate positioning errors caused by GNSS spoofing attacks without affecting navigation accuracy.
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- 2024
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21. Integration of Vehicle Dynamic Model and System Identification Model for Extending the Navigation Service Under Sensor Failures
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Yan, Penggao, Wen, Weisong, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Accurate and reliable localization is of great importance for autonomous vehicles (AV). Mainstream localization approaches in autonomous vehicles (AV) are limited by the reliability of onboard sensors, which could be vulnerable to sensor failure, such as signal outages of the camera and signal spoofing of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Different from these active or passive sensors, the vehicle dynamic model (VDM), which is the application of physical laws to a vehicle in motion, is environmentally independent and is capable of providing vehicle motion estimation continuously. However, the performance of the VDM-based motion estimation is dominated by the accuracy of the system dynamics model. To tackle this issue, this study proposes a sensor-free localization method VDM-SI by integrating system identification into the design of vehicle dynamic models (VDM). A system identification process based on low-order process models is proposed to identify the system dynamics of the AV, where the identified system responses are taken as the control input of VDM to estimate the vehicular positioning. The localization experiments in two scenarios show that the mean absolute translation error of VDM-SI can be reduced by 70% compared to conventional VDM methods. In addition, VDM-SI is experimentally proven to improve the localization performance of sensor fusion-based localization systems with high noise levels. Furthermore, in the application of re-localization after sensors fail and recover, VDM-SI shows strength in enhancing the security of AVs in extreme conditions.
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- 2024
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22. ECMD: An Event-Centric Multisensory Driving Dataset for SLAM
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Chen, Peiyu, Guan, Weipeng, Huang, Feng, Zhong, Yihan, Wen, Weisong, Hsu, Li-Ta, and Lu, Peng
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Leveraging multiple sensors enhances complex environmental perception and increases resilience to varying luminance conditions and high-speed motion patterns, achieving precise localization and mapping. This paper proposes, ECMD, an event-centric multisensory dataset containing 81 sequences and covering over 200 km of various challenging driving scenarios including high-speed motion, repetitive scenarios, dynamic objects, etc. ECMD provides data from two sets of stereo event cameras with different resolutions (640×480, 346×260), stereo industrial cameras, an infrared camera, a top-installed mechanical LiDAR with two slanted LiDARs, two consumer-level GNSS receivers, and an onboard IMU. Meanwhile, the ground-truth of the vehicle was obtained using a centimeter-level high-accuracy GNSS-RTK/INS navigation system. All sensors are well-calibrated and temporally synchronized at the hardware level, with recording data simultaneously. We additionally evaluate several state-of-the-art SLAM algorithms for benchmarking visual and LiDAR SLAM and identifying their limitations.
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- 2024
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23. GLIO: Tightly-Coupled GNSS/LiDAR/IMU Integration for Continuous and Drift-Free State Estimation of Intelligent Vehicles in Urban Areas
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Liu, Xikun, Wen, Weisong, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Intelligent vehicles demand reliable, continuous, and accurate positioning capability. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-inertial odometry (LIO) provides precise continuous relative pose estimation but suffers from drift over large-scale operations. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) offers drift-free absolute positioning capability but the accuracy is strongly affected by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions and multipath effects arising from the reflections of the surrounding environments. The tightly-coupled integration of the GNSS and LIO is highly complementary. However, how to fully utilize the complementariness of LiDAR measurements and the GNSS model is still an open question. More importantly, an open-sourced implementation of their integration is highly expected. To fill these gaps, this article proposes the GLIO, a GNSS/LiDAR/IMU integrated estimator that tightly fuses GNSS pseudorange, Doppler, LiDAR, and IMU measurements using factor graph optimization (FGO). In particular, the corrections from the reference station are adopted to remove the systematic errors involved in the GNSS pseudorange measurements. To fully exploit the complementariness of the LiDAR and GNSS measurements, two stages of the optimization scheme are utilized to achieve global consistent and continuous pose estimation. In the first stage of optimization, the sliding-window-based FGO is employed to integrate the GNSS-related factors, IMU pre-integration factor, and scan-to-map-based LiDAR factor for efficient odometry estimation. In the second stage of optimization, the LiDAR factor is employed as a scan-to-multiscan scheme to maintain global consistency and improve the robustness of the system to the GNSS outlier by large-scale batch optimization. We evaluate the proposed method and verify its effectiveness through the challenge dataset UrbanNav involving highly urbanized areas. The proposed system achieves more than 70% improvement in positioning accuracy compared with the traditional GNSS positioning method and LIO standalone system.
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- 2024
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24. Enhancing GNSS Positioning Accuracy for Road Monitoring Systems: A Factor Graph Optimization Approach Aided by Geospatial Information
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Zhong, Yihan, Hu, Runzhi, Bai, Xiwei, Li, Xingxing, Hsu, Li-Ta, and Wen, Weisong
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The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is one of the most popular solutions to localize potential road cracks. Unfortunately, the accurate positioning of the GNSS in urban environments presents a significant challenge due to complex signal blockage and reflection phenomena. To tackle this, we propose a method that enhances GNSS positioning accuracy, particularly suited for the intricate layouts of urban canyons. Our approach integrates the prior map with lane line information into the factor graph optimization (FGO) algorithm, effectively mitigating the impacts of multipath effects and non-line-of-sight (NLOS). However, the poor accuracy of the initial guess from the GNSS positioning can easily lead to incorrect lane matching which is one of the main challenges of lane matching in highly urbanized areas. To fill this gap, this article proposes to use the switchable factor to model the potential incorrect lane matching by leveraging the redundancy of lane information across multiepochs. This article verified the effectiveness of this methodology using two datasets from the dense urban environment of Hong Kong, collected using the low-cost automobile level receiver, and compared the results with conventional methods. Our findings affirm that integrating the FGO-based GNSS positioning system with map information significantly boosts positioning accuracy, demonstrating the robustness of our approach.
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- 2024
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25. Enhancing Positioning in GNSS Denied Environments Based on an Extended Kalman Filter Using Past GNSS Measurements and IMU
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Iyer, Kaushik, Dey, Abhijit, Xu, Bing, Sharma, Nitin, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Recent urbanization has posed challenges for the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) to provide accurate navigation solutions. This is especially true in GNSS-denied environments, where the clear line of sight (LOS) path between the satellites and receiver is lacking. For such environments, fusion-based techniques relying on external sensors and/or other signals are widely used. However, such external sensors and signals may not be feasible and/or cost-effective every time. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes a system that makes explicit use of past available measurements, under certain assumptions, to generate new synthetic measurements. For this purpose, two functions are proposed in this work: a geometrically decaying series and a linear combination of past measurements. To enhance the overall performance of the system, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used as an additional measurement source in the extended Kalman filter (EKF). In addition, an approach to adapt the noise co-variances that support the generation of synthetic measurements is proposed. Furthermore, we derive the optimal gain under specific assumptions for a concrete theoretical understanding of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm is tested and validated through two real-world datasets collected in Hong Kong, one corresponding to a moving vehicle inside a significantly long sea tunnel and another set in a harsh urban area, involving complex trajectories. A detailed analysis of the results has been performed with respect to all the aforementioned contributions. Additionally, the proposed algorithm has been compared with other existing algorithms. Experimental results show that a mean error of about 4 m is attained inside the tunnel, while it is around 4.6 m for the second scenario set in a harsh urban environment.
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- 2024
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26. Synthesis, Electrical Measurement, and Field Emission Properties of α-Fe2O3 Nanowires
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Hsu, Li-Chieh, Li, Yuan-Yao, and Hsiao, Chun-Yen
- Abstract
Abstract: α-Fe
2 O3 nanowires (NWs) were formed by the thermal oxidation of an iron film in air at 350 °C for 10 h. The rhombohedral structure of the α-Fe2 O3 NWs was grown vertically on the substrate with diameters of 8–25 nm and lengths of several hundred nm. It was found that the population density of the NWs per unit area (DNWs ) can be varied by the film thickness. The thicker the iron film, the more NWs were grown. The growth mechanism of the NWs is suggested to be a combination effect of the thermal oxidation rate, defects on the film, and selective directional growth. The electrical resistivity of a single NW with a length of 800 nm and a diameter of 15 nm was measured to be 4.42 × 103 Ωcm using conductive atomic force microscopy. The field emission characteristics of the NWs were studied using a two-parallel-plate system. A low turn–on field of 3.3 V/μm and a large current density of 10−3 A/cm2 (under an applied field of about 7 V/μm) can be obtained using optimal factors of DNWs in the cathode.- Published
- 2024
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27. An Unassisted Super-Resolution Satellite Navigation Receiver Using GPS L5 Signals
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Luo, Yiran, Hsu, Li-Ta, Tsang, Chin Lok, and El-Sheimy, Naser
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Many existing works use external devices or information, e.g., real-world maps, reference receivers, dead reckoning (DR) sensors, and multiantennas, to compensate for signal dynamics and mitigate multipath interference in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal reception. This article proposes a standalone global positioning system L5 receiver using the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) in an over-one-second superlong coherent integration (S-LCI) correlating process. Then, a code phase DR method is presented in the baseband processing by leveraging the super-resolution average Doppler rate and instantaneous Doppler frequency from the S-LCI-based FRFT to enhance the code discriminating process. A software-defined radio prototype of the unassisted super-resolution receiver (U-SRR) based on the S-LCI, FRFT, and code phase DR is developed where the pilot-channel L5 signal serves for positioning. The transmitting time splicing comes from the respective frame synchronization and code phase tracking in the data and pilot channels. Real-world experiments verify the proposed U-SRR in an extremely dense urban area. Compared to the legacy L1 coarse/acquisition (C/A) signals from the u-blox ZED-F9P receiver, the code-based positioning precision is increased by 86.8% with 100% measurement availability.
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- 2023
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28. Wearable Wireless Magnetic-Reluctance-Based Pressure Sensing Module for Intraoral Pressure Monitoring
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Kohli, Mayank, Hsu, Li-Fang, Chen, Chin-Chung, Yao, Chung-Chen Jane, and Chung, Tien-Kan
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In this article, we report a wearable magnetic-reluctance-based wireless pressure sensing module to measure intraoral pressure for clinical orthodontic treatment. The sensing module consists of two parts: first part is a transmitting/receiving electromagnet (EM
$_{\mathrm {T}}$ $_{\mathrm {R}}$ $0.82 \mu \text{V}$ - Published
- 2023
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29. Selection of Areas for Effective GNSS Spoofing Attacks to a Vehicle-Mounted MSF System Based on Scenario Classification Models
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Chang, Jiachong, Huang, Feng, Zhang, Liang, Xu, Dingjie, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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The inherent vulnerability of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) leads to the ease of implementation of spoofing attacks. The latest GNSS spoofing attack schemes still suffer from low success rate, long attack time, and poor concealment. To improve the success rate, an efficient GNSS spoofing attack method for a vehicle-mounted Multi Sensors Fusion (MSF) system is proposed based on the scenario classification models with a spatial database. Firstly, the influence of the two typical urban scenarios, which are 1) the road with buildings on both sides and 2) tunnels, on the GNSS spoofing attack is analyzed. Then a dynamic Bayesian network model considering the sky visibility generated with the 3D building models and tunnel models inside the spatial database is established to quantify the difficulty of the attack. Furthermore, the scenarios of the victim can be classified into high-risk and low-risk scenarios. When the vehicle is just out of the tunnel or in open scenarios, attackers can select these high-risk scenarios and implement aggressive spoofing attacks. Then the efficiency of the GNSS spoofing attack can be significantly improved. Finally, the proposed attack scheme is demonstrated by actual world data with simulated spoofing attacks in urban areas.
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- 2023
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30. Association between vegetarian diet and gouty arthritis: A retrospective cohort study.
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Yen, Yung-Feng, Lai, Yun-Ju, Hsu, Li-Fei, Chen, Li-Jung, Ku, Po-Wen, and Inan-Eroglu, Elif
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A vegetarian diet is rich in vegetables, fruits, and soy products. Although vegetarian diet is beneficial for improving the health outcomes such as body mass index, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality rate, the association between a vegetarian diet and gout incidence is not well known. We linked the MJ Health Survey Data and MJ Biodata 2000 with the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and the National Registration of Death (2000–2018). Information on the diet was collected from the MJ Health Survey Data, and the incidence of gouty arthritis was confirmed using the NHIRD. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare the differences between vegetarian and non-vegetarian participants. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk of the incidence of gouty arthritis. Among 76,972 participants, 37,297 (48.46%) were men, 2488 (3.23%) were vegetarians and the mean age was 41.65 ± 14.13 years. The mean baseline uric acid level was 6.14 ± 1.65 mg/dL. A total of 16,897 participants developed gouty arthritis, including 16,447 (22.08%) non-vegetarians and 450 (18.9%) vegetarians over a mean follow-up of 19 years. Significant differences were observed in the Kaplan–Meier survival curves between vegetarians and non-vegetarians (log-rank p < 0.001). Vegetarians had a significantly decreased incidence of gouty arthritis compared with non-vegetarians (hazard ratio = 0.87, 95% confidence interval = 0.78–0.98, p = 0.02) after adjusting for potential confounders. People with a vegetarian diet had a significantly decreased risk of developing gouty arthritis compared with non-vegetarians in Taiwan. • Vegetarian diet contains large amounts of fruits, vegetables, and soy products. • People who follow a vegetarian diet had a decreased risk of gouty arthritis. • The impact of soy product on gout warranted further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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31. Splenic Size and Volume Measurements in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
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Ogunleye, Olanrewaju A., Hsu, Li-Yueh, Sun, Clare C., Nierman, Pia, Wiestner, Adrian, Jones, Elizabeth C., and Bagheri, Hadi
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To determine which methods of assessment of splenic size most accurately represent the actual spleen volume in patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). The Abdominal Computed Tomography images of 48 patients with CLL enrolled on a phase 2 clinical trial at two time-points before and after 2-months of continuous acalabrutinib treatment were analyzed. Linear one-dimensional measurements of the spleen were taken in different planes. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements were calculated from the linear measurements using mathematical formulae. The spleen volume was determined by manual segmentation as the ground truth. Data derived were analyzed using Pearson correlation and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Among the single-dimensional measurements, the strongest correlation with the segmented splenic volume was the sagittal long axis diameter (LAD) (r = 0.89, p < 0.05), followed closely by Coronal LAD (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and cephalocaudal length (iwCLL) (r = 0.84, p < 0.05). For the two-dimensional indices, the sum of LAD and short axis diameter (SAD) of the spleen in axial plane showed good correlation with the splenic volume (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Among the three-dimensional indices, the splenic index (0.523 x axial LAD x axial SAD x coronal height) and a formula for volume (30 + 0.58 x axial LAD x axial SAD x coronal height) had the strongest correlation (both r = 0.92, p < 0.05) with the spleen volume. The three-dimensional formulae showed the strongest correlation with volumetric reference spleen measurement. Among unidimensional measurements, the sagittal LAD had the best correlation with the actual splenic volume. The two-dimensional calculation methods were less reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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32. From SNS stressors’ perspectives to understand prosocial behavior: a contingency model
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Hsu, Li-Chun and Kao, Hsin-Yi
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Purpose: With the high penetration rate of the Internet and the prevalence of social networking sites (SNSs), the negative emotions caused by stressors on SNS have become an important issue worthy of attention. This study explored the relationship between SNS stressors, negative emotions and prosocial behavior, by employing negative emotions as the mediation role and social support as the moderator. Design/methodology/approach: The samples of this study were Facebook users who have used it constantly in the past six months. An online survey was conducted, from which 547 responses were completed, and 525 were valid, for an effective recovery ratio of 95.98%. Findings: Employing the structural equation model (SEM), the findings show that five paths were supported with a good fit. Negative emotions (anxiety and loneliness) have a moderating effect. Originality/value: This study contributes to the literature by factors divided by negative emotions of anxiety and loneliness from SNS stressors’ perspectives. In addition, this study provides additional support the moderating effect of social support of anxiety on prosocial behavior.
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- 2023
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33. LiDAR-Based NDT Matching Performance Evaluation for Positioning in Adverse Weather Conditions
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Chang, Jiachong, Hu, Runzhi, Huang, Feng, Xu, Dingjie, and Hsu, Li-Ta
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Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) can provide continuous and stable pose estimation with the model of normal distribution transform (NDT), which is widely used in autonomous vehicles (AVs), even under adverse weather conditions. However, there are few studies about the influence of inclement weather on LiDAR positioning results. In this article, different weather scenarios (rain, fog, and snow) are composed of synthetic LiDAR datasets based on state-of-the-art weather simulators. Then, the impacts of different adverse weather conditions are quantitatively evaluated in terms of positioning accuracy and uncertainty. Afterward, we perform the first study to qualitatively analyze the relationship between meteorological weather standards and LiDAR positioning performances, which is significant but unexplored. Evaluated results indicate that NDT matching performance will deteriorate in adverse weather conditions, especially when the meteorological level is “Heavy” or “Violent,” threatening the AVs’ positioning security seriously. Therefore, the results of this article provide more basis for the realization of high-precision positioning in adverse weather conditions, to ensure the positioning safety of AVs.
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- 2023
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34. The 2020 Taiwan Stroke Society guidelines for blood pressure control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke.
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Lin, Chun-Jen, Chung, Chih-Ping, Cheng, Hao-Ming, Liu, Chi-Hung, Hsu, Li-Chi, Chi, Nai-Fang, Tang, Sung-Chun, Lee, Jiunn-Tay, Po, Helen L., Jeng, Jiann-Shing, Wang, Tzung-Dau, and Lee, I-Hui
- Subjects
ISCHEMIC stroke ,BLOOD pressure ,ENDOVASCULAR surgery ,STROKE patients - Abstract
The 2020 Taiwan Stroke Society (TSS) guidelines for blood pressure (BP) control related to ischemic stroke update the 2015 TSS BP guidelines. The early management of acute ischemic stroke has evolved rapidly in the previous two decades. Since the publication of the previous version of the TSS BP guidelines, many studies have addressed BP management in ischemic stroke. Particularly, several successful endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) trials published in 2015 led to a new era of acute treatment for ischemic stroke. With the ever-increasing use of EVT, evidence-based guidelines for ideal BP management during and after EVT are urgently needed. Consequently, the 2020 guidelines are updating and providing recommendations on BP control for the treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke based on new evidence. The present study encompasses the most important chapter of the 2020 Taiwan BP guidelines: BP control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke. We incorporated the most updated evidence regarding BP control at the acute stage of ischemic stroke in patients receiving or not receiving acute reperfusion therapy and provided specific recommendations for different treatment subgroups accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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35. PO-05-007 CEREBRAL VOLUME CHANGES AND COGNITIVE DECLINE IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A VOXEL-BASED MORPHOMETRIC STUDY.
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Lin, Yenn-Jiang, Chen, Yun-Yu, Hsu, Li-Chi, Chen, Hsian-Min, Hsieh, Yucheng, Tang, Shih-An, Lin, Lian-Yu, Chien, Kuo-Liong, and Chen, Shih-Ann
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- 2024
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36. LipidA-IDER to Explore the Global Lipid A Repertoire of Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.
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Guan, Xue Li, Loh, Johnathan Yi-Xiong, Lizwan, Marco, Chan, Sharon Cui Mun, Kwan, Jeric Mun Chung, Lim, Tze Peng, Koh, Tse Hsien, Hsu, Li-Yang, and Lee, Bernett Teck Kwong
- Published
- 2023
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37. Multistimuli-Responsive Plasticity Transitions of a Phototransistor Conferred by Using Thermoresponsive Polyfluorene Block Copolymers.
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Ercan, Ender, Hsu, Li-Che, Lin, Yan-Cheng, Lin, Bi-Hsuan, and Chen, Wen-Chang
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- 2023
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38. Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Sub-carbon Additives and Graphene Oxide Coating for Enhancing the 5 V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode Material Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries.
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Tsai, Yi-De, Shih, Jeng-Ywan, Li, Ying-Jeng James, Hung, Tai-Feng, Hsu, Li-Fan, Ramaraj, Sayee Kannan, Jose, Rajan, Karuppiah, Chelladurai, and Yang, Chun-Chen
- Published
- 2022
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39. Biological properties of human periodontal ligament cell spheroids cultivated on chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol membranes.
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Hsieh, Hao-Ying, Yao, Chung-Chen, Hsu, Li-Fang, Tsai, Li-Hui, Jeng, Jiiang-Huei, Young, Tai-Horng, and Chen, Yi-Jane
- Subjects
POLYVINYL alcohol ,PERIODONTAL ligament ,VASCULAR endothelial growth factors ,CHITOSAN ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,PROTEIN metabolism ,POLYSACCHARIDES ,ALKALINE phosphatase ,CELL culture ,POLYSTYRENE ,BIOMEDICAL materials ,CARRIER proteins - Abstract
Background/purpose: Multicellular spheroid cultures have attracted increasing attention in the field of periodontal regeneration. However, very few studies have reported the periodontal ligament (PDL) cell spheroid formation via biomaterials-induced processes. This study investigated the biological characteristics of human PDL cell spheroids formed on two hydrophilic polymer-based biomaterials, namely chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol.Methods: The expressions of periostin, paxillin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed. Cell migration ability was assessed using a scratch assay. Furthermore, PDL cell spheroids were cultured in 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds to evaluate mineralizing capability.Results: Western blot analysis revealed increased expressions of periostin, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the 3D spheroids. After the spheroids were reseeded, the cells gradually migrated outward from the spheroids and time-dependent distribution of paxillin was observed. The cells migrating outward from the 3D spheroids demonstrated greater migration ability than that of 2D monolayer cells. Compared to the dissociated cells from a monolayer culture, the cell spheroids formed on the chitosan membrane exhibited elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in mineralized matrix deposition.Conclusion: The biomaterial-induced formation of PDL cell spheroids suggests a novel strategy for cell delivery in research and clinical applications of periodontal regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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40. LipidA-IDER to Explore the Global Lipid A Repertoire of Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
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Guan, Xue Li, Loh, Johnathan Yi-Xiong, Lizwan, Marco, Chan, Sharon Cui Mun, Kwan, Jeric Mun Chung, Lim, Tze Peng, Koh, Tse Hsien, Hsu, Li-Yang, and Lee, Bernett Teck Kwong
- Abstract
With the global emergence of drug-resistant bacteria causing difficult-to-treat infections, there is an urgent need for a tool to facilitate studies on key virulence and antimicrobial resistant factors. Mass spectrometry (MS) has contributed substantially to the elucidation of the structure-function relationships of lipid A, the endotoxic component of lipopolysaccharide which also serves as an important protective barrier against antimicrobials. Here, we present LipidA-IDER, an automated structure annotation tool for system-level scale identification of lipid A from high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) data. LipidA-IDER was validated against previously reported structures of lipid A in the reference bacteria, Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using MS2data of variable quality, we demonstrated LipidA-IDER annotated lipid A with a performance of 71.2% specificity and 70.9% sensitivity, offering greater accuracy than existing lipidomics software. The organism-independent workflow was further applied to a panel of six bacterial species: E. coliand Gram-negative members of ESKAPE pathogens. A comprehensive atlas comprising 188 distinct lipid A species, including remodeling intermediates, was generated and can be integrated with software including MS-DIAL and Metabokit for identification and semiquantitation. Systematic comparison of a pair of polymyxin-sensitive and polymyxin-resistant Acinetobacter baumanniiisolated from a human patient unraveled multiple key lipid A structural features of polymyxin resistance within a single analysis. Probing the lipid A landscape of bacteria using LipidA-IDER thus holds immense potential for advancing our understanding of the vast diversity and structural complexity of a key lipid virulence and antimicrobial-resistant factor. LipidA-IDER is freely available at https://github.com/Systems-Biology-Of-Lipid-Metabolism-Lab/LipidA-IDER.
- Published
- 2023
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41. Performance Evaluation of Vectorized NavIC Receiver Using Improved Dual-Frequency NavIC Measurements
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Dey, Abhijit, Iyer, Kaushik, Xu, Bing, Sharma, Nitin, and Hsu, Li-Ta
- Abstract
This article presents a modified carrier-aided dual-frequency vectorized tracking (CA-DFVT) algorithm for Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) receiver. In signal blockage and interference scenarios, even the most advanced receiver architecture may fail to provide accurate positioning solutions. Therefore, this article proposes an improved CA-DFVT architecture for NavIC signals. The architecture is based on the vector delay frequency lock loop (VDFLL), wherein precise carrier phase measurements from NavIC
$S$ $L5$ $L5/S$ - Published
- 2023
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42. Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Staggered Cylinders
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Hsu, Li-Chieh and Chou, Ping-Yi
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Determining how the flow structure affects the heat transfer of a staggered cylindrical array was one of the objectives of this numerical study. The major flow patterns and the corresponding characteristics of heat transfer were investigated, including Shear Layer Reattachment (SLR), Induced Separation (IS), Vortex Pairing and Enveloping (VPE), Vortex Impingement (VI), and Synchronized Vortex Shedding (SVS). As the stagger angle is larger than 35°, the mean Nusselt numbers of array systems are larger than that of a single cylinder. The magnitude of Nu/Cd is suggested as a parameter to measure the efficiency of the heat transfer for an array system.
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- 2023
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43. Deciphering colorectal cancer genetics through multi-omic analysis of 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestries
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Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, Timofeeva, Maria, Chen, Zhishan, Law, Philip, Thomas, Minta, Schmit, Stephanie, Díez-Obrero, Virginia, Hsu, Li, Fernandez-Tajes, Juan, Palles, Claire, Sherwood, Kitty, Briggs, Sarah, Svinti, Victoria, Donnelly, Kevin, Farrington, Susan, Blackmur, James, Vaughan-Shaw, Peter, Shu, Xiao-ou, Long, Jirong, Cai, Qiuyin, Guo, Xingyi, Lu, Yingchang, Broderick, Peter, Studd, James, Huyghe, Jeroen, Harrison, Tabitha, Conti, David, Dampier, Christopher, Devall, Mathew, Schumacher, Fredrick, Melas, Marilena, Rennert, Gad, Obón-Santacana, Mireia, Martín-Sánchez, Vicente, Moratalla-Navarro, Ferran, Oh, Jae Hwan, Kim, Jeongseon, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Kweon, Sun-Seog, Shin, Min-Ho, Shin, Aesun, Ahn, Yoon-Ok, Kim, Dong-Hyun, Oze, Isao, Wen, Wanqing, Matsuo, Keitaro, Matsuda, Koichi, Tanikawa, Chizu, Ren, Zefang, Gao, Yu-Tang, Jia, Wei-Hua, Hopper, John, Jenkins, Mark, Win, Aung Ko, Pai, Rish, Figueiredo, Jane, Haile, Robert, Gallinger, Steven, Woods, Michael, Newcomb, Polly, Duggan, David, Cheadle, Jeremy, Kaplan, Richard, Maughan, Timothy, Kerr, Rachel, Kerr, David, Kirac, Iva, Böhm, Jan, Mecklin, Lukka-Pekka, Jousilahti, Pekka, Knekt, Paul, Aaltonen, Lauri, Rissanen, Harri, Pukkala, Eero, Eriksson, Johan, Cajuso, Tatiana, Hänninen, Ulrika, Kondelin, Johanna, Palin, Kimmo, Tanskanen, Tomas, Renkonen-Sinisalo, Laura, Zanke, Brent, Männistö, Satu, Albanes, Demetrius, Weinstein, Stephanie, Ruiz-Narvaez, Edward, Palmer, Julie, Buchanan, Daniel, Platz, Elizabeth, Visvanathan, Kala, Ulrich, Cornelia, Siegel, Erin, Brezina, Stefanie, Gsur, Andrea, Campbell, Peter, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Hoffmeister, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Slattery, Martha, Potter, John, Tsilidis, Konstantinos, Schulze, Matthias, Gunter, Marc, Murphy, Neil, Castells, Antoni, Castellví-Bel, Sergi, Moreira, Leticia, Arndt, Volker, Shcherbina, Anna, Stern, Mariana, Pardamean, Bens, Bishop, Timothy, Giles, Graham, Southey, Melissa, Idos, Gregory, McDonnell, Kevin, Abu-Ful, Zomoroda, Greenson, Joel, Shulman, Katerina, Lejbkowicz, Flavio, Offit, Kenneth, Su, Yu-Ru, Steinfelder, Robert, Keku, Temitope, van Guelpen, Bethany, Hudson, Thomas, Hampel, Heather, Pearlman, Rachel, Berndt, Sonja, Hayes, Richard, Martinez, Marie Elena, Thomas, Sushma, Corley, Douglas, Pharoah, Paul, Larsson, Susanna, Yen, Yun, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, White, Emily, Li, Li, Doheny, Kimberly, Pugh, Elizabeth, Shelford, Tameka, Chan, Andrew, Cruz-Correa, Marcia, Lindblom, Annika, Hunter, David, Joshi, Amit, Schafmayer, Clemens, Scacheri, Peter, Kundaje, Anshul, Nickerson, Deborah, Schoen, Robert, Hampe, Jochen, Stadler, Zsofia, Vodicka, Pavel, Vodickova, Ludmila, Vymetalkova, Veronika, Papadopoulos, Nickolas, Edlund, Chistopher, Gauderman, William, Thomas, Duncan, Shibata, David, Toland, Amanda, Markowitz, Sanford, Kim, Andre, Chanock, Stephen, van Duijnhoven, Franzel, Feskens, Edith, Sakoda, Lori, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, Wolk, Alicja, Naccarati, Alessio, Pardini, Barbara, FitzGerald, Liesel, Lee, Soo Chin, Ogino, Shuji, Bien, Stephanie, Kooperberg, Charles, Li, Christopher, Lin, Yi, Prentice, Ross, Qu, Conghui, Bézieau, Stéphane, Tangen, Catherine, Mardis, Elaine, Yamaji, Taiki, Sawada, Norie, Iwasaki, Motoki, Haiman, Christopher, Le Marchand, Loic, Wu, Anna, Qu, Chenxu, McNeil, Caroline, Coetzee, Gerhard, Hayward, Caroline, Deary, Ian, Harris, Sarah, Theodoratou, Evropi, Reid, Stuart, Walker, Marion, Ooi, Li Yin, Moreno, Victor, Casey, Graham, Gruber, Stephen, Tomlinson, Ian, Zheng, Wei, Dunlop, Malcolm, Houlston, Richard, and Peters, Ulrike
- Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.
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- 2023
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44. Primary intracranial malignant melanomas in solitary type: a tertiary center experience.
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Huang, Yen-Min, Yeh, Kun-Yun, Chen, Pin-Yuan, Hsieh, Tsan-Yu, Hsu, Li-Sung, Wu, Chiao-En, Yang, Cheng-Han, and Zheng, Yun-Cong
- Abstract
• PIMMs in solitary type have higher tumor bleeding and leptomenigeal seeding (LS) rate. • Multiplicity, apoplexy, and LS lead to unfavorable prognosis in Asian group. • Gross-total resection demonstrated better outcomes for solitary PIMM. For recurrent tumors, aggressively repeated surgical resection remained beneficial for selected cases. • This series is the first article that emphasized the prognostic factors of solitary PIMM and established the treatment algorithm for this rare disease. Solitary type primary intracranial malignant melanoma (PIMM) is extremely rare but fatal. The optimal treatment algorithm according to clinical relevance of symptoms and outcomes is unclear. This series emphasized the prognostic factors of solitary PIMM and established the treatment algorithm for this rare disease. Patients with solitary PIMMs were pathologically verified and treated with neurosurgical tumor resection. All solitary PIMMs recruited at our institute received multidisciplinary team care. We analyzed the clinical findings and prognostic factors. The study cohort included 10 patients. PIMMs in solitary type impacted middle-aged populations with male predominance in Taiwan. Most patients (80%) presented a single tumor initially. Six patients had progressed to multiplicity after the initial treatment. Rates of tumor bleeding and leptomeningeal metastasis seeding (LS) are high in solitary PIMMs. Patients who had gross-total resection (GTR) had better survival than those who had incomplete resection, with median overall survival (OS) rates of 170.4 months vs. 5.23 months (p = 0.004). Multiplicity, eloquent area involvement, initial tumor bleeding, LS, hydrocephalus, and Karnofsky Performance Score < 80 at diagnosis were associated with negative outcomes in progression-free survival and OS. Adjuvant radiotherapy for patients who had LS and for those who cannot undergo grossly total tumor removal resulted in a good outcome. GTR demonstrated better outcomes for solitary PIMM. For recurrent tumors, aggressively repeated surgical resection remained beneficial for selected cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was a treatment option for LS following operation. We proposed a possible treatment algorithm for solitary PIMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Mechanically Tough and Durable Poly(siloxane imide) Network Elastomer for Stretchable Electronic Applications.
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Hsu, Li-Che, Lin, Yan-Cheng, Chen, Chun-Kai, Yang, Wei-Chen, Ho, Jin-Chieh, and Chen, Wen-Chang
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- 2022
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46. The Climatological Perspective of Remote Rainfall Events Triggered by the Northeasterly Wind and the Outer Circulation of Typhoon in Taiwan
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Hsu, Li‐Huan, Su, Shih‐Hao, Tseng, Wen‐Wei, Chu, Jung‐Lien, Su, Jau‐Lang, and Lin, Lee‐Yaw
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The climate characteristics of remote rainfall events in Taiwan from September to February over 41 years (1980–2020) are studied. These events are induced by the interaction between the northeasterly flow and the typhoon's outer circulation. Our findings reveal that rainfall in northeastern Taiwan becomes more prominent when tropical cyclones move to the remote rainfall‐prone area, located in the north Philippine area to the northern South China Sea, and when the background northeasterly wind speed exceeds 7 m s−1. Under these criteria, the confluence of the typhoon's outer circulation and the northeasterly flow creates a convergence area that enhances rainfall in northeastern Taiwan, increasing the occurrence of moderate to extreme rainfall (ER) events. This leads to an average enhancement in rainfall amount of 80–220 mm per day. Additionally, when typhoons are in the remote rainfall‐prone area, there is a greater than 20% chance for events with maximum rainfall over 200 mm day−1to occur, particularly in the region of 20°–22°N, 116°−124°E, and north to Luzon Island. In this area, the occurrence rate can exceed more than a 45% chance. The highest risk of ER events occurs between 20°–22°N and 118°−120°E, with a probability of over 90%. Notably, the convergence area for the Taiwan cases does not necessarily coincide with the baroclinic forcing as that associated with remote rainfall events observed in Japan, Korea, and North America. We studied a particular pattern of rainfall in Taiwan that occurs between September and February over a 41‐year period (1980–2020). Our research found that when tropical cyclones (TCs) are far from Taiwan and there is a strong northeasterly wind, it causes more rainfall in northeastern Taiwan. This can lead to moderate to extreme rainfall, with an increase in rainfall of 80–220 mm per day. When tropical storms are in a specific area north of Luzon Island, there is a higher chance of heavy rain, with some places receiving more than 200 mm per day. The highest probability of extreme rain events occurs when TCs are in a specific area between 20°–22°N and 118°−120°E, where the chance of extreme rain in Taiwan is over 90%. It happens because the TC circulation meets with the northeasterly flow and creates a convergence area. It's important to note that the way remote rainfall events happen in Taiwan may not be the same as in Japan, Korea, and North America. Northeastern Taiwan experiences heavy rainfall as tropical cyclone (TC) move toward North South China Sea while northeasterly flow >7 m/sTyphoons' outer flow and the northeasterly convergence enhanced remote rainfall events to 80–220 mm/dayAbove 45% of events with max daily rainfall over 200 mm occur when TCs are in the 20°–22°N, 116°–124°E area and north to Luzon Island Northeastern Taiwan experiences heavy rainfall as tropical cyclone (TC) move toward North South China Sea while northeasterly flow >7 m/s Typhoons' outer flow and the northeasterly convergence enhanced remote rainfall events to 80–220 mm/day Above 45% of events with max daily rainfall over 200 mm occur when TCs are in the 20°–22°N, 116°–124°E area and north to Luzon Island
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- 2024
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47. Calreticulin regulates hepatic stellate cell activation through modulating TGF-beta-induced Smad signaling.
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Chen, Chien-Chih, Hsu, Li-Wen, Chen, Kuang-Den, Chiu, King-Wah, Kung, Chao-Pin, Li, Shu-Rong, Chen, Chao-Long, and Huang, Kuang-Tzu
- Abstract
• Calreticulin (CRT) is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells in a mouse model of liver fibrosis. • Knocking down CRT in hepatic stellate cells inhibits TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and target gene expression. • Decreased expression of CRT promotes store-operated Ca
2+ entry (SOCE) in hepatic stellate cells. • Blocking SOCE in hepatic stellate cells has no effect on canonical TGF-β signaling. • Adjustment of the basal levels of intracellular Ca2+ in hepatic stellate cells alters canonical TGF-β signaling. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) as a wound healing process. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HpSCs) are the major producer of the ECM and play a central role in liver fibrogenesis. It has been widely accepted that elimination of activated HpSCs or reversion to a quiescent state can be a feasible strategy for resolving the disease, further highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic targets. Calreticulin (CRT) is a molecular chaperone that normally resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), important in protein folding and trafficking through the secretory pathway. CRT also plays a critical role in calcium (Ca2+ ) homeostasis, with its Ca2+ storage capacity. In the current study, we aimed to demonstrate its function in directing HpSC activation. In a mouse liver injury model, CRT was up-regulated in HpSCs. In cellular experiments, we further showed that this activation was through modulating the canonical TGF-β signaling. As down-regulation of CRT in HpSCs elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels through a form of Ca2+ influx, named store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), we examined whether moderating SOCE affected TGF-β signaling. Interestingly, blocking SOCE had little effect on TGF-β-induced gene expression. In contrast, inhibition of ER Ca2+ release using the inositol trisphosphate receptor inhibitor 2-APB increased TGF-β signaling. Treatment with 2-APB did not alter SOCE but decreased intracellular Ca2+ at the basal level. Indeed, adjusting Ca2+ concentrations by EGTA or BAPTA-AM chelation further enhanced TGF-β-induced signaling. Our results suggest a crucial role of CRT in the liver fibrogenic process through modulating Ca2+ concentrations and TGF-β signaling in HpSCs, which may provide new information and help advance the current discoveries for liver fibrosis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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48. Statin treatment in stroke patient with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below 70 mg/dL.
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Lee, Kang-Po, Huang, Hui-Chi, Tsai, Jui-Yao, and Hsu, Li-Chi
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The effectiveness of hyperlipidemia treatment in strokes secondary prevention has been established. However, whether pretreatment with statins could confer protective effects when a patient's baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is <70 mg/dL remains uncertain. Additionally, the ability of statin treatment to reduce poststroke complications, mortality, and recurrence in this patient group is unclear. In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled patients who had experienced an ischemic stroke with LDL-C levels <70 mg/dL. We analyzed the association of statin use with baseline characteristics, stroke severity, in-hospital complications, mortality rates, stroke recurrence rate, and mortality rate. Patients who used and patients who did not use statins were similar in terms of age and sex. Patients using statins had higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, prior stroke, and coronary artery disease but a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation. Stroke severity was less pronounced in those using statins. We also evaluated the relationship between in-hospital statin use and complications. We noted that in-hospital statin use was associated with lower rates of infection, hemorrhagic transformation, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and mortality, as well as higher rates of positive functional outcomes. The 1-year recurrence rate was similar in both groups. Statin use is associated with milder strokes and improved poststroke outcomes, even in patients with well-controlled LDL levels. Neurologists may consider prescribing statins for patients with ischemic stroke who do not overt hyperlipidemia. Further research into potential underlying mechanisms is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Estimating the excess bed days and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections in Singapore public acute-care hospitals
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Cai, Yiying, Venkatachalam, Indumathi, Kwa, Andrea L., Tambyah, Paul A., Hsu, Li Yang, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, and Graves, Nicholas
- Abstract
AbstractWe estimated the annual bed days lost and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections to Singapore hospitals using Monte Carlo simulation. The mean (standard deviation) cost of a single healthcare-associated infection was S$1,809 (S$440) [or US$1,362 (US$331)]. This translated to annual lost bed days and economic burden of 55,978 (20,506) days and S$152.0 million (S$37.1 million) [or US$114.4 million (US$27.9 million)], respectively.
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- 2022
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50. Differences of condylar changes after orthognathic surgery among Class II and Class III patients.
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Hsu, Li-Fang, Liu, Yi-Jen, Kok, Sang-Heng, Chen, Yi-Jane, Chen, Yunn-Jy, Chen, Mu-Hsiung, and Jane Yao, Chung-Chen
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ORTHOGNATHIC surgery ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,TEMPOROMANDIBULAR joint ,CONE beam computed tomography ,CORRECTIVE orthodontics - Abstract
Background/purpose: The nature of susceptibility to condylar resorption after orthognathic surgery can be different between skeletal Class II and Class III populations, which was addressed by few in the past. The aim of the present study was to use cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images to investigate the displacement and morphological changes of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in patients received orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery.Methods: Both Class III (n = 34) and Class II (n = 17) patients were compared through overall and regional superimpositions of the initial and posttreatment CBCTs. Two-sample t-test was used to identify significance between group differences. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to address changes of TMJ and the amount of setback or advancement.Results: The axial ramal angle increased significantly in Class III group and decreased in Class II groups after orthognathic surgery (p < FDR_p). For condylar dimensions, significant widths and lengths reductions were noted only in Class II group. However, no significant difference was found after comparing subgroup differences according to one-jaw and two-jaw options, nor any significant correlation found between the condylar changes and the amount of surgical movements.Conclusion: The nature of condylar susceptibility could result more from different skeletal patterns than the amount of surgical movements. However, the direction of mandibular surgery may contribute to different changes of condylar angle in axial section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
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