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As a major class of medicine for treating the lethal type of castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa), long-term use of androgen receptor (AR) antagonists commonly leads to antiandrogen resistance. When AR signaling pathway is blocked by AR-targeted therapy, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) could compensate for AR function especially at the late stage of PCa. AR-GR dual antagonist is expected to be a good solution for this situation. Nevertheless, no effective non-steroidal AR-GR dual antagonist has been reported so far. In this study, an AR-GR dual binder H18was first discovered by combining structure-based virtual screening and biological evaluation. Then with the aid of computationally guided design, the AR-GR dual antagonist HD57was finally identified with antagonistic activity towards both AR (IC50= 0.394 μM) and GR (IC50= 17.81 μM). Moreover, HD57could effectively antagonize various clinically relevant AR mutants. Further molecular dynamics simulation provided more atomic insights into the mode of action of HD57. Our research presents an efficient and rational strategy for discovering novel AR-GR dual antagonists, and the new scaffold provides important clues for the development of novel therapeutics for castration-resistant PCa.

The charge valve is an important element in the charging port of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder (HP-HSC). It is normally closed after the HP-HSC is filled with hydrogen. If the seal of the charge valve is damaged, it will seriously affect the stable operation of the hydrogen supply system and may even cause safety problems. Therefore, the seal performance of the charge valve is important. In this paper, finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to analyze the seal contact performance of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) gaskets in the seal pair of a charge valve. The effects of different pre-compressions, seal widths, and hydrogen pressures on the seal contact performance of the charge valve are analyzed. The contact pressure on the seal surface increases with the increase of pre-compression. With a pre-compression of 2.5 mm, the maximum contact pressure without and with hydrogen pressure are 68.51 and 107.38 MPa, respectively. A contact gap appears in the inner ring of the seal surface with pre-compression below 0.15 mm. The contact gap occurs between the entire seal surface with a seal width of 1 mm. The contact pressure on the seal surface and the width of the separation area between the seal surfaces increase with the increase of the seal width. The contact gap between the seal surfaces is zero with a width of 2.5 mm. The width of the separation area between the seal surfaces decreases with the decrease of the hydrogen pressure. The width of the separation area is reduced from 0.5 mm at 35 MPa to 0.17 mm at 15 MPa. This work can be useful for improvement of the seal performance and of the design of the charge valve used in the HP-HSC.

Groundwater extraction from aquifers is a common practice for human use, and variations in groundwater levels can provide valuable information on the hydrogeological properties of the aquifer. However, reliable data on pumping rates and distribution are often lacking due to unsupervised groundwater pumping activities. This study presents a new mathematical model for transfer function modeling that depicts the drawdown response caused by pumping in an unconfined aquifer system. To account for the dense and unsupervised pumping events, the uniform pumping approach was used to estimate these effects. To more accurately represent unconfined flow, the model first integrates lagging theory into a response function derived from the Boussinesq equation. The lagging theory accounts for the effects of both inertial force and capillary suction. Furthermore, the model has been used to derive both specific yield and transmissivity along with two lagging parameters simultaneously using only groundwater level information from the Choshui River region in Taiwan. The estimated results suggest that this approach provides reliable estimates of hydrogeological parameters, demonstrating its usefulness for water resource management and water budget evaluation. This study examines the process of extracting water from underground sources, known as aquifers, and how monitoring changes in water levels can provide valuable insights into the characteristics of the aquifer. It can be challenging to obtain accurate information on the amount of water being pumped out due to inadequate monitoring. The researchers have developed a novel approach to comprehending the impact of water extraction on the water levels in these subterranean regions. This method considers the general pattern of water use to pump out water without close monitoring. It also incorporates realistic ideas about how water moves through the ground, taking into account factors such as the delay in water movement and the role of different forces in the soil. The study applied this method to data from Taiwan's Choshui River area and was able to determine important details about the aquifer using only water level information. These findings hold promise for effective water resource management and the wise use of water. A novel mathematical model for groundwater extraction in unconfined aquifer systems. The model captures drawdown response due to pumping, integrates insights from uniform pumping approach for reflecting heavy pumping activities, the Boussinesq equation for formulating the unconfined flow, and lagging theory for capturing the effect from capillary fringe.

•Resources and environmental problems drive the discipline development.•Resources and Environmental Sciences fundamentally guide sustainable development.•Four research requirements and nine critical scientific issues were proposed.•Four recommendations were provided to support science based policymaking.

Changes in atmospheric aerosols have profound effects on ecosystem productivity, vegetation growth and activity by directly and indirectly influencing climate and environment conditions. However, few studies have focused on the effects of atmospheric aerosols on vegetation growth and activity in the vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions, which are also the source areas of aerosols. Using the datasets of aerosol optical depth (AOD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and multiple climatic variables including photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), surface solar radiation (SSR), surface air temperature (TEM) and total precipitation (PRE), we analyzed the potential responses of vegetation activity to atmospheric aerosols and their associated climatic factors in arid and semi-arid regions of Asia from 2005 to 2015. Our results suggested that areas with decreasing growing-season NDVI were mainly observed in regions with relatively sparse vegetation coverage, while AOD tended to increase as NDVI decreased in these regions. Upon further analysis, we found that aerosols might exert a negative influence on vegetation activity by reducing SSR, PAR and TEM, as well as suppressing PRE in most arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. Moreover, the responses of atmospheric aerosols on vegetation activity varied among different growing stages. At the early growing stage, higher concentration of aerosol was accompanied with suppressed vegetation growth by enhancing cooling effects and reducing SSR and PAR. At the middle growing stage, aerosols tended to alter microphysical properties of clouds with suppressed PRE, thereby restricting vegetation growth. At the late growing stage, aerosols exerted significantly positive influences on vegetation activity by increasing SSR, PAR and TEM in regions with high anthropogenic aerosols. Overall, at different growing stages, aerosols could influence vegetation activity by changing different climatic factors including SSR, PAR, TEM and PRE in arid and semi-arid regions of Asia. This study not only clarifies the impacts of aerosols on vegetation activity in source areas, but also explains the roles of aerosols in climate.

In recent years, hazardous e-mails arose, such as the e-mails infected with ‘viruses’ or ‘worms’ spreading destructive programs and the ‘Phishing Mails’ defrauding e-mail accounts of the users. The number of spams continue to grow. With the related problems of spam coming to be more severe, the spam topics have become significant in various research domains. The common filtering methods include black/white list, rule learning, and those based on text classification, such as Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, and boosting trees, multi-agent and genetic algorithm. Among these, the methods based on text classification are most widely applied. Moreover, some efficient methods were proposed to consider only the e-mail's header section, based on which both operating efficiency and classification efficiency could be improved. By applying machine learning technique and decision tree data mining algorithm C4.5, this study aims to propose an efficient spam filtering method with the following features: (i) proposing a two-phase filtering mechanism to scan mainly e-mail's header and auxiliary content. (ii) Reducing the problem of false positive. The experimental results show that the authors’ method has a considerably high accuracy rate of 98.76%. Compared with some other methods of using the same spam data sets or of deep learning-based, their method obviously has an excellent performance.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is notably accurate for even minimal degree of hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). But routine use of MRS is limited by its cost and availability. In this study, we developed a diagnostic model combining ultrasonography with biomarkers to identify mild NAFLD, with MRS as the reference standard. A total of 422 eligible subjects were enrolled. The serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), cytokeratin 18 M65ED, proteinase 3, neutrophil elastase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and neutrophil elastase/alpha-1 antitrypsin were measured using ELISA assays. We found that among the six biomarkers, only serum FGF21 was independently associated with intrahepatic triglyceride content (IHTC, standardized β= 0.185, P<0.001) and was an independent risk factor for mild NAFLD. Thus, we established a Mild NAFLD Model based on FGF21, alanine transaminase, triglycerides, and body mass index. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the Mild NAFLD Model was 0.853 (95% confidence interval: 0.816–0.886). Furthermore, a two-step approach combining ultrasonography with the Mild NAFLD Model displayed a better sensitivity for diagnosing mild NAFLD compared with each method alone, with a sensitivity of 97.32% and a negative predictive value of 85.48%. This two-step approach combining ultrasonography and the Mild NAFLD Model derived from serum FGF21 improves the diagnosis of mild NAFLD and can be applied to the early diagnosis of NAFLD in clinical practice.

Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis of 2-substituted indoline derivatives are discussed.

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is now the most attractive topology for medium and high voltage power conversion applications with several advantages over the traditional voltage source converter (VSC). However, due to a large number of sub-modules (SMs) in the MMC, system reliability is a big challenge in its practical application, where each SM may be considered as a potential point of failure. In this paper, a reliability evaluation based on the Markov model is proposed for the MMC. The failure rates of the power electronic devices and SMs are firstly analyzed. Then, the Markov model and the state transition equation of the system are built in detail. A general reliability evaluation function is established, in which the mean time to failure and reliability evaluation of the MMC with redundant SMs are also discussed. Finally, a practical direct current (DC) distribution example for reliability evaluation is analyzed, and the results verify that the reliability evaluation based on the Markov model could provide a useful reference for project design.

A copper(I)-catalyzed sulfur-bridged dimerization of imidazopyridines has been developed using isothiocyanate as the sulfur source. This method enables a switchable synthesis of bis(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)sulfanes or bis(2-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)sulfanes in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) or K2CO3when different imidazopyridines were employed. Under optimized conditions, a variety of sulfur-bridged imidazopyridines were obtained in good yields. Moreover, thiourea was proved to be the key intermediate under catalytic system A.

Macromolecular crystallography beamline BL17U1 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility has been relocated, upgraded, and given a new ID (BL02U1). It now delivers X-rays in the energy range of 6–16 keV, with a focused beam of 11.6 µm × 4.8 µm and photon flux greater than 1012phs/s. The high credibility and stability of the beam and good timing synchronization of the equipment significantly improve the experimental efficiency. Since June 2021, when it officially opened to users, over 4200 h of beamtime have been provided to over 200 research groups to collect data at the beamline. Its good performance and stable operation have led to the resolution of several structures based on data collected at the beamline.

BL10U2 is an undulator-based macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline located at the 3.5-GeV Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. BL10U2 is specifically designed for conducting routine and biosafety level-2 (BSL-2) MX experiments utilizing high-flux tunable X-rays with energies from 7 to 18 keV, providing a beam spot size of 20 µm (horizontal) × 10 µm (vertical) at the sample point. Certification by the Shanghai Pudong Municipal Health Commission confirmed the capability to perform BSL-2 MX experiments. The beamline is currently equipped with an Eiger X 16 M detector and two newly developed in-house high-precision diffractometers that can be switched to perform conventional or in situ crystal diffraction experiments. An automatic sample changer developed in-house allows fast sample exchange in less than 30 s, supporting high-throughput MX experimentation and rapid crystal screening. Data collection from both the diffractometer and detector was controlled by an in-house developed data collection software (Finback) with a user-friendly interface for convenient operation. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the facilities, experimental methods, and performance characteristics of the BL10U2 beamline.

The ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau is highly susceptible to climate change. Currently, there is little discussion on the temporal changes in the link between climatic factors and vegetation dynamics in this region under the changing climate. By employing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, the Climatic Research Unit temperature and precipitation data, and the in-situ meteorological observations, we report the temporal and spatial variations in the relationships between the vegetation dynamics and climatic factors on the Plateau over the past three decades. The results show that from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern part of the Plateau appears to show a closer relationship with precipitation prior to the growing season than that of temperature. From the mid-1990s, the temperature rise seems to be the key climatic factor correlating vegetation growth in this region. The effects of increasing temperature on vegetation are spatially variable across the Plateau: it has negative impacts on vegetation activity in the southwestern and northeastern part of the Plateau, and positive impacts in the central and southeastern Plateau. In the context of global warming, the changing climate condition (increasing precipitation and significant rising temperature) might be the potential contributor to the shift in the climatic controls on vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern Plateau. 青藏高原生态系统对气候变化十分敏感. 目前, 这一区域的植被活动与气候因子之间相关性随时间的变化研究仍然较少. 本文利用NDVI, CRU气温和降水格点数据以及气象站点资料, 分析了近30年来青藏高原植被活动与气候因子之间相关性的时空变化. 结果表明上世纪80年代初至90年代中期, 高原中部及东南部地区生长季NDVI与降水量之间存在显著正相关关系, 但随后相关系数持续下降; 而自90年代以来, 气温升高则为影响植被活动的关键因子. 气温升高对高原不同区域的植被活动产生不同的影响: 利于高原中部及东南部的植被生长, 但抑制了高原西南及东北部区域植被生长. 全球变暖背景下的青藏高原气候条件发生明显变化, 可能是这一区域植被活动主导气候因子转变的原因.

In order to further study the relationship between sorption properties of ZrCoCe thin films and magnetron sputtering process parameters, ZrCoCe getter films were deposited on the Si(100) substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. In this paper, background vacuum, sputtering pressure and sputtering power as experimental variables were discussed in detail. The surface and cross section microstructure and phase of the film were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and H2 sorption measurement of films was carried out by a dynamic sorption method. It is demonstrated that porous columnar structure film can be achieved under the conditions of the background degree less than 5.0×10-4 Pa, sputtering pressure is 4 Pa and sputtering power is 120 W. As a result of the optimization of the porous columnar structure, the sorption properties of the films are also improved.

Quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (especially for volume transfer constant) has the potential to directly reflect the reduced bone marrow perfusion, which is most likely caused by the enhanced vasoconstriction and the tightened gaps among the vascular endothelial cells in the initial stage of a rat osteoporosis model, and by the increased marrow adipose tissue, decreased microvessel density, and increased marrow fibrosis in the late stage.

The fabrication of electret air filter with robust charge stability towards moisture and oily molecules is becoming increasingly essential due to the severe haze pollution, which is featured with high relative humidity (80–90%) and contains oily components (30–40%); however, this remains an ongoing challenge. Herein, a nanofibrous electret membrane able to enduringly capture PM2.5with high efficiency and low air resistance under the surroundings containing moisture and oily components is successfully designed via electrospinning. Benefiting from the high electrical resistivity of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and high dielectric constant of silicon nitride nanoparticles (Si3N4NPs), PVB/Si3N4nanofibrous membranes are endowed with improved stable surface potentials from 1610 to 2010 V when the content of charge enhancer (Si3N4) increases from 0 to 1wt%. More importantly, the charge dissipating mechanism under water and oil condition is revealed. Moreover, by further introducing hydro-oleophobic fluorinated polyurethane (FPU), the stable surface potentials of PVB/Si3N4-FPU membranes are elevated by 62.8% under high relative humidity (85%) and 48.4% towards oily components, compared with PVB/Si3N4membranes. The resultant membranes achieve a high filtration efficiency of 99.950%, low air resistance of 55.0Pa, and robust durability, providing a guidance for the design of electret air filtration materials used in haze environment.

Air filters have attracted increasing attention due to the lethal danger of haze pollution worldwide. However, it remains challenging to fabricate air filtration materials that can remove particles efficiently and especially allow air flowing easily under the high relative humidity (RH) of haze environment. Here we designed an air filter exhibiting low and stable resistance towards moisture by taking advantage of the resonance effect between far infrared ray (FIR) and water molecules. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were endowed with high FIR emissivity via optimizing the content of far infrared nanoparticles (FIPs) and the typical multi-level rough structure of fibrous membranes. Significantly, benefitting from the improved FIR emissivity, the rising rate of pressure drop declined from 20 to 8.9% under high RH of 85%. The stabilization mechanism of pressure drop was revealed by means of low field nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, a high filtration efficiency of 99.998%, low pressure drop of 79.5Pa, and particularly low rising rate of pressure drop (6%) were achieved simultaneously by obtaining the balance of pore size (2.1 μm) and FIR emissivity (87%). The resultant membranes exhibited a rapid PM2.5removal rate (~15min) after 10h, and a robust stability of low pressure drop (increased by 8.7% after 25h) in the field test in Shanghai. The fabrication of such a promising material may provide a new insight to design air filtration materials with durable high performance.

Fourteen countries share about 22000 km land border with China, but not much is known about the variation in vegetation in such a large diverse area. By employing the remotely-sensed vegetation indices the vegetation greenness along the border was discussed. Our results show that since the early 21st century, similar trends in vegetation greenness have occurred along most of China’s border, but differences occurred on either side of the border. Along the border with North Korea and South Asian nations, greater increasing trend in vegetation greenness occurred inside China’s border, suggesting that China’s vegetation protection programs have been successful. Spatial and temporal variations in vegetation greenness trends were observed along China’s border with Russia, Mongolia, and Central Asian nations. Vegetation variation was lower inside China, along the Russian border, and China’s eastern border with Mongolia. Along most borders with Central Asian nations, rates of vegetation change inside China’s border during the growing season were higher than the rates outside the border. The results suggest that social customs, resource exploitation patterns, and national environmental conservation programs may profoundly affect vegetation greenness.

The fatal danger of pollution due to particulate matter (PM) calls for both high-efficiency and low-resistance air purification materials, which also provide healthcare. This is however still a challenge. Herein, a low-resistance air filter capable of releasing negative ions (NIs) and efficiently capturing PM2.5was prepared by electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers doped with negative ions powder (NIPs). The air-resistance of fibrous membranes decreased from 9.5 to 6 Pa (decrease of 36%) on decreasing the average fiber diameter from 1.16 to 0.41 μm. Moreover, the lower rising rate of air-resistance with reduction in pore size, for fibrous membranes with thinner fiber diameter was verified. In addition, a single PVDF/NIPs fiber was provided with strong surface potentials, due to high fluorine electronegativity, and tested using atomic force microscopy. This strong surface potential resulted in higher releasing amounts of NIs (RANIs). Interestingly, reduction of fiber diameter favored the alleviation of the shielding effects on electric field around fibers and promoted the RANIs from 798 to 1711 ions cc–1. Moreover, by regulating the doping contents of NIPs, the RANIs increased from 1711 to 2818 ions cc–1. The resultant fibrous membranes showed low air resistance of 40.5 Pa. Field-tests conducted in Shanghai showed stable PM2.5purification efficiency of 99.99% at high RANIs, in the event of haze.

As a robust platform for genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9 is currently being explored for engineering biology or therapeutics, yet means for quantitative detection of Cas9 proteins remain to be fully realized. Here, we expressed Cas9 proteins and developed a novel detection method that traced Cas9 based on radiolabeled iodine. Through optimizing the reaction conditions of reaction time, temperature and cycles, we obtained 125I-Cas9 of high labeling yield. The prepared 125I-Cas9 was stable in various media and preserved excellent genome editing efficiency. Thus, our strategy provides a convenient and efficient tool for further tracing biological behaviors of Cas9 proteins in living systems.

Mu Us Desert, a region with high aeolian activity, is at extremely high risk of sandy desertification. Using surface soil samples collected from Mu Us Desert of northern China, we evaluated the effects of aeolian processes on nutrient loss from surface soils by employing wind tunnel experiments. The experiments were conducted using free-stream wind velocities of 14, 16, 18 and 22 m/s. Our results showed that the fine particles (<50 μm in diameter; 12.28% of all transported materials) carrying large nutrient loadings were exported outside the study area by aeolian processes. After the erodible fine particles were transported away from the soil surfaces at low wind velocity (i.e. 14 m/s), the following relatively high wind velocity (i.e. 22 m/s) did not have any significant effect on nutrient export, because the coefficients of variation for soil organic matter, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and available potassium were usually <5%. Our experimental results confirmed that aeolian processes result in a large amount of nutrient export, and consequently increase the risk of sandy desertification in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

After partial substitution of V 2 O 5 in V 2 O 5 –WO 3 /TiO 2 by metal oxide (M x O y , M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Sr, La, and Ce), the NO conversions for the M x O y –V 2 O 5 –WO 3 /TiO 2 catalysts (M-VW) showed the following sequence: Co–VW > Fe–VW > Sr-VW ≈ Ce-VW ≈ La-VW > VW > Ni-VW > Cu-VW. The reduction activities for almost all the M-VW catalysts were enhanced at reaction temperature >400 °C, but only the Co-VW catalyst showed an increased activity at temperature <400 °C. Among the M-VW catalysts tested, the Co-VW sample had the highest catalytic activity with a temperature range of 300–550 °C for more than 90% NO removal at a GHSV of 60 000 h −1 . Moreover, the Co-VW sample exhibited high space-velocity, H 2 O and SO 2 resistance, and low N 2 O yield. Co partial substitution for V in the VW led to more Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites, and an obvious increase in the ratio of the adsorbed oxygen to the lattice oxygen from 12.74% for VW to 36.73% for Co-VW. The increased adsorbed oxygen and Lewis and Brønsted acid sites contributed to the improved SCR activity of the Co-VW sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environments in arid and semiarid regions are extremely sensitive to climate changes. High wind activity in these regions has resulted in an extensively developed arid geomorphology, but past environmental changes are poorly understood because of the absence of relatively high-resolution proxies. The accumulation characteristics of nebkhas, which have developed extensively in these regions, can be used as a method of reconstructing environmental changes. Here we summarized recent advances in research on the formation, development, and sediment characteristics of nebkhas and their significance to environmental changes in arid and semiarid regions. Based on the studies of our colleagues, we suggested that research on nebkha formation can provide distinct clues about environmental changes in arid and semiarid regions; however, continued studies are needed.

Silent brain infarctions are the silent cerebrovascular events that are distinguished from symptomatic lacunar infarctions by their ‘silence’; the origin of these infarctions is still unclear. This study analyzed the characteristics of silent and symptomatic lacunar infarctions and sought to explore the mechanism of this ‘silence’.

In traditional aeroengine modeling, the nonlinear equations of engine model are generally solved through iterative algorithm. However, due to the strong nonlinear characteristics of the equations, the iterative model often fails to converge at some points of the full envelope and has a poor real time performance. In order to solve the problems, this paper proposes a non-iterative modeling method based on volume effect. In this method, several variables and differential equations of volume dynamics in aeroengine are introduced to the nonlinear equations, as a result, the whole set of equations becomes closed-form and can be solved without iteration. The non-iterative model of a gas turbine engine is written in matlab code. Furthermore, an open-loop simulation is carried out in matlab/simulink, both under groud and altitude condition. Meanwhile, the non-iterative model is verified by GSP11. The results illustrate that the non-iterative model provides good performance both in the stability and accuracy of solutions.

CPS test standard has put forward new demands to the management of power grids. This paper analyzes the main influence factors of CPS, and introduces the way of building data warehouse and constructing supplementary analysis system on this basis, which can effectively help power grid workers to research the pros and cons in dispatch and operation. The application of the supplementary analysis system is helpful for Shanghai power grid to enhance AGC control and frequency control ability under the control performance standard.

This study investigates the compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the short-chopped igneous fiber reinforced concrete, short-chopped carbon fiber reinforced concrete and plain concrete. Experimental results show that both short-chopped igneous fiber and carbon fiber can improve the compressive strength and flexural behavior of the concrete significantly, and the reinforcing effectiveness of igneous fiber is better that of carbon fiber.

According to a series experiment for bending resistance of hydraulic concrete and RC element of mixing short-chopped basalt fiber, the reinforcing effect of bending strength and flexural elastic modulus of short-chopped basalt fiber concrete are analyzed, and increased cracking-resistance loads of short-chopped basalt fiber RC beams is also researched. Experimental results show that bending resistances of short-chopped basalt fiber concrete are increased, short-chopped basalt fiber in concrete is useful to reinforce the bending strength of concrete and cracking loads of RC beams.

According to a test for chloride ion erosion in concrete under designed manual climate environment, distributions of chlorine ion concentration in pure bending concrete of short-chopped basalt fiber RC beam and check RC beam without fiber with different flexural loads are analyzed in this paper, and diffusion coefficients of compression and tensile concrete are fitted on the basis of Fick’s second law. Analysis results show that erosion-resisting properties for chloride ion of the basalt fiber compression and tensile concrete in the pure flexural region are increased

This paper has researched and analyzed on the fractal dimension calculating method and selected Peleg Carpet Covered algorithm which is fit for fractal physiognomy analysis to research. Aiming at the shortage of Peleg Carpet Covered algorithm, an improved Carpet Covered algorithm is proposed. By experiment, the performance of original algorithm and improved algorithm is compared and validated, and the results show that improved algorithm has improved the calculating accuracy and texture-differentiating ability. Applying this algorithm to fractal topography creating can make the fractal topography model be alike to genuine physiognomy.

The maleo­nitrile moiety of the title compound, (2Z)‐2,3‐bis­[(4‐nitro­benzyl)­sulfanyl]­but‐2‐ene­di­nitrile, C18H12N4O4S2, is almost planar. The two benzene rings are nearly parallel to each other and perpendicular to the maleo­nitrile plane. Intermolecular S⃛S and π–π interactions are observed in the crystal structure.

Invisible grid-pattern structure light has often been used for being shined on objects for contour reconstruction based on the distortion of grid pattern, for vehicle collision prevention etc. However, the structure light can be easily disturbed by surrounding nature light even if infra-red (IR) light source is used because natural light contains quite an amount of IR spectrum. In this paper, it is proposed that the structure light is provided from a highly coherent laser source, so that the structure light pattern reflected from the target object will contain not only the distorted irradiance distribution of grid pattern, but also laser speckle associated with it. The laser speckle pattern depends on the surface roughness of the target object, which provides extra information for extracting the distorted grid pattern from the background irradiance of surrounding natural light. The laser speckle pattern therefore helps to improve the immunity for surrounding light disturbance, and hence the robustness and reliability of contour reconstruction system. A binary surface relief phase-type diffractive optical element(DOE) has been proposed for generating desired pattern directly at far field when working together with laser light source. The design process is based on iterative Fourier transform algorithm(IFTA) in scalar diffraction theory.