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Many studies have investigated the correlation between climate change and economic growth. However, this study focuses on household saving, whereby growth may be correlated with climate volatility. This study conducts a dynamic panel analysis using data on Chinese provinces for the period of 2001–2009. Various indicators of climate volatility are employed to ensure robustness, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach is chosen to reduce endogeneity. The estimation results show that in rural areas, temperature volatility is positively correlated with the household saving rate, but that the correlation is weaker in urban areas. This study suggests that first, to increase household welfare, risk-pooling insurance should be applied, and second, that rural areas should be the priority for development over urban areas.

The land‐to‐ocean export of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (tDOM) links the two largest organic carbon (OC) pools on Earth and is changing due to anthropogenic activity and climate change. Lignin phenols are often utilized as diagnostic markers for tDOM in aquatic systems, but information on the global dissolved lignin flux is still uncertain as linkages between future changes in export and global changes are poorly constrained. Thirty‐two new measurements from 15 Chinese rivers and 548 measurements collected from 97 global rivers were combined to analyze its distributions, fluxes, and potential controls. Dissolved lignin concentrations (in μg L−1) varied by more than two orders of magnitude (0.7–138 μg L−1) and were positively correlated with dissolved OC (DOC) concentrations globally, suggesting coupled export of dissolved lignin and DOC. The carbon‐normalized lignin yields (in mg g OC−1) varied by an order of magnitude (<1–30 mg (g OC)−1) and was significantly lower in the Arctic than in temperate and tropical rivers. Correlation analyses indicated that the dissolved lignin flux (FLignin) was mainly affected by water discharge and mean basin slope, while the area‐normalized yield of dissolved lignin as well as discharge‐weighted lignin concentration strongly and positively correlated with forest coverage. We, for the first time, estimated global FLigninranges from 0.58 to 1.2 Tg yr−1by using different approaches. Our synthesis reveals that future changes in land‐cover that is driven by climate change as well as other human activities would impose a significant influence on the land‐to‐ocean export of tDOM. Riverine dissolved lignin concentration varied by three orders of magnitude and was significantly correlated with dissolved OCRiverine dissolved lignin flux was affected by water discharge and basin slope, and dissolved lignin yield was related to forest coverageGlobal riverine‐dissolved lignin flux was ∼1 Tg yr−1, supporting the turnover of dissolved lignin in the timescales of decades Riverine dissolved lignin concentration varied by three orders of magnitude and was significantly correlated with dissolved OC Riverine dissolved lignin flux was affected by water discharge and basin slope, and dissolved lignin yield was related to forest coverage Global riverine‐dissolved lignin flux was ∼1 Tg yr−1, supporting the turnover of dissolved lignin in the timescales of decades

Insertions and deletions (indels) are sometimes critical genetic events and can lead to various diseases. Identifying indel types by DNA sequencing is difficult and labor intensive. The sensitivity of DNA sequencing techniques such as Sanger’s direct sequencing, which broadly screens all types of microindels in predefined areas, is somewhat limited. Other techniques such as indel variant-specific primer sets are sensitive and specific, but are expensive, labor intensive, less efficient and only cover known indel variants.

A novel technique involving nonlinear dependent sources expressed as convergent power series expansions of one or more variables representing the output fields of a Bragg-domain hybrid acousto-optic device with feedback is presented. Using some straightforward modifications of a basic circuit prototype, we show how optical bistability, possible multistability, and chaos may be generated for three fundamental types of tuning effects, i.e., feedback gain, bias voltage, and input amplitude. The results obtained are shown to compare favorably with the existing theory and experiments.

Reservoirs are active sites in the terrestrial environment in terms of carbon transformation and storage. Continuous reservoir construction reinforces the importance of such artificial storage; however, knowledge pertaining to the sources, cycling, and preservation of autochthonous/allochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC) in reservoirs remains incomplete. We monitored the flux and carbon isotope composition of sinking particles in a subtropical deep reservoir, and the results were compared with the isotopic signatures of potential POC sources (soil) and the sedimentary sink. We found that the typhoon‐induced POC flux was transported laterally at intermediate water depths within the reservoir and that it contributed more than 70% of the annual deposition. An isotope ternary mixing model showed that over 87% of the POC preserved in sediments was allochthonous. Although the autochthonous POC from primary production was preferentially degraded, the preserved autochthonous POC (42 ± 14 gC m−2yr−1) was comparable to the observed carbon dioxide uptake (35 gC m−2yr−1) by the reservoir, suggesting a high efficiency of carbon preservation in subtropical deep reservoirs. Typhoon‐induced particulate organic carbon flux contributed more than 70% of the annual deposition in the reservoirParticulate organic carbon preserved in sediments was mainly sourced from soilThe subtropical deep reservoir is an important carbon sink

Typhoon rainfall characteristics over a mesoscale mountainous watershed (drainage area of 620 km2) located in eastern Taiwan were analyzed to fill the gaps in our knowledge concerning the linkage between typhoon track, rainfall patterns, and flood peak time. This study used spatially high‐resolution radar‐derived rainfall estimates from 38 storm events (∼2800 h) to investigate this linkage. The effect of spatial rainfall patterns on the timing of flood peak for the selected events was examined with the aid of a diffusive wave model. The results show that the typhoon rainfall was spatially aggregated and that the relative variations in the rainfall became smaller at higher rainfall rates. The maximum hourly rainfall was approximately twice the areal mean rainfall. Three major rainfall types were identified statistically, and different typhoon tracks appeared to have preferable rainfall types. This finding is presumably due to the interaction of the typhoon circulation and precipitation with the mountainous landscape. Flood lead times were derived for the different rainfall types, and it was found that differences in their lead times could be as large as ∼3 h over the studied mesoscale watershed. It is recommended that this empirical approach be incorporated into flood forecasting and warning systems. Spatial variations of heavy rainfall and their impact on discharge are explored