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Background: Human trafficking affects nearly 1.1 million persons in the United States. Over 50% of victims will receive care in an emergency department (ED) during their exploitation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a human trafficking protocol and electronic medical record screening and assessment tool in identifying victims of human trafficking in the ED. Methods: A 5-year, retrospective chart audit was conducted. Results: Over 2 million ED visits occurred during the 5-year study period. Less than 1% (n = 525) of those patients screened positive as potential victims, while 45 (8.6%) were confirmed trafficking victims. The number of victims identified dropped following the pandemic. Conclusions: Pandemic issues, staffing turnover, and lack of ongoing trafficking education impeded the identification of victims. Recommended changes to the protocol are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trafficking is a heinous crime and violation of human rights affecting between 25 and 27 million adults and children globally each year. Current immigration and refugee policy could exacerbate the human trafficking public health crisis. Health care providers working in emergency department and urgent care settings interact with human trafficking victims and provide life-changing care. Research identifies a significant need for coordinated, consistent, and standardized education on human trafficking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of online educational training in human trafficking on the knowledge and self-confidence of registered nurses and nurse practitioners working in the emergency department and urgent care settings in New York. An asynchronous, online education module was designed for emergency department and urgent care registered nurses and nurse practitioners to address key components of human trafficking identification, assessment, and treatment. Using a 1-group pretest/posttest design, participants completed an existing published survey tool before and 6 weeks after education. Findings revealed statistically significant improvement (P <.05) in knowledge and confidence regarding components of identifying, assessing, and treating victims of human trafficking. Data demonstrated 63.8% of participants had never received human trafficking training, and 80% reported no history of contact with patients known or suspected of being trafficked. Results in this study demonstrate the need for increased standardized education regarding HT for frontline health care workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the sexual exploitation of children on dating apps, and their revictimisation as adults. Findings showed that, from a sample of 9,987 Australian dating platform users surveyed, 8.8 percent had used these platforms while under 18 years of age. Of these, 59.3 percent reported receiving at least one sexually exploitative request from another dating platform user who knew they were under 18. Respondents who were victimised on dating platforms while under 18 were more likely to be revictimised as an adult through online and offline sexual violence. They also experienced a greater number of harms. These findings highlight the risks associated with underage dating platform use, the potential for revictimisation as an adult, and the need for these platforms to implement additional safety measures to reduce access among children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frónesis is the property of Universidad del Zulia (Fronesis) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the diverse realities of childhood in Latin America, highlighting the widespread violation of children's rights despite decades of adherence to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It addresses the adult-centric nature of societal structures and political systems, which fail to prioritize children's best interests, resulting in issues such as child labor, sexual exploitation, and inadequate involvement of children in decision-making processes. It further explores the challenges and inefficiencies within adoption processes and global measures addressing these problems.

Peace education is the basis for global peace and a prerequisite for attaining sustainable development and global goals. Considering the widespread physical and structural violence and destructive protests across South African higher education, it is crucial to embrace peace education to deal with violence in all its forms. This article explores the need for peace education in the South African higher education curriculum. A qualitative critical review of the literature reveals widespread gender-based violence, sexual exploitation, destructive student protests at and the militarisation of universities through military force to quell violent student protests nationwide in South Africa. Lack of peace skills indicates that both lecturers, university management and students are in need peace education. Peace education must be incorporated in South African higher education. As part of a model for it, this article recommends the establishment of peace as a stand-alone subject, extra-curricular activities for peace and storytelling to deliver peace education and inculcate a culture of peace in both educators and students. More so, there is a need to embrace the pedagogy of peace education and establish institutes for peace and conflict resolution at every higher education institution in South Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research solidly documents the victim-offender overlap in various crimes, including human trafficking. Given the hidden nature of this exploitative crime, increasing the identification of victims is crucial. One way to do this is through the creation and implementation of screening tools. To date, most screening tools for human trafficking victims are created by and implemented in the field of health care or with youth or young adults, particularly those who have experienced housing instability. However, the use of these tools to identify victims of human trafficking in correctional settings—where victims are often misidentified as offenders—is limited. To address this deficiency, a victim-centered, trauma-informed screening tool was implemented in a local detention center to identify human trafficking victims, with the purpose of offering them resources to facilitate their exit from trafficking situations. This article outlines the creation and implementation of the tool and discusses its successes, challenges, lessons learned, and recommendations for replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The "Safe Third Country" principle in international refugee law refers to a State's ability to reject a person's asylum application if they have already been granted protection by another country in compliance with the 1951 Refugee Convention. However, asylum seekers face higher risks Of human trafficking because of their transient and vulnerable circumstances, and some of the most frequently implicated Safe Third Countries are consistently ranked in Tier 2 or below in the US State Department's annual Trafficking in Persons Report; this ranking indicates that they are not in full compliance with the minimum standards provided in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This Comment argues that asylum seekers who have experienced human trafficking throughouttheir migration journey should be exempted from Safe Third Country agreements with States that rank in Tier 2 or below. It will survey Greece, Turkey, and the Northern Triangle as examples of States often deemed to be Safe Third Countries, yet have recurring difficulties prosecuting human trafficking violations and protecting victims; this Comment will ultimately propose a solution as to how these exemptions can be implemented in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the regulations adopted by the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN) to protect African athletes from human trafficking and ensure that they are able to chase their dreams without fear.

The fundamental necessity of every society is the security of her citizens against internal and external aggression. A secured society promotes development and attracts investors thereby promoting socio -economic wellbeing of the citizen and building responsible and responsive citizens. The high rate of insecurity has denied Nigeria government and citizens of peaceful atmosphere and socio-economic prosperity is at the low ebb. The intermittent conflicts such as ethno religious, communal, insurgency, farmers – herdsmen conflict has weakened Nigeria security architecture. The emergence of ethnic militias and non-state actors contributed immensely to the insecurity in Nigeria. The complex security situation in Nigeria ranging from insurgency, ethno religious, oil theft, farmers- herdsmen, kidnapping, drug, and human trafficking coupled with the porous borders and associated criminal activities among others were critically examined and posed that socio-economic development and livelihood of Nigeria are at risk, except proactive measure designing to incorporate bottom- top approach, Nigeria will soon slide into failed or collapsed state. This paper, therefore, recommends promotion of socio–economic, collaborative intelligence approach as well as empowerment will contribute in no measure to degrade insecurity and ensure peaceful coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Historia is the property of Associacao Nacional dos Professores Universitarios de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Australian federal government, in its recent review of the trafficking in persons, slavery and slaverylike offences in divs 270 and 271 of the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), revisited the question of whether these offences adequately enshrine the principle of the irrelevance of consent originating in art 3(b) of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children. The task of ensuring compliance with this principle is fraught, given that both the meaning of consent in this context and the parameters of the principle itself are not settled. This article argues that, contrary to the intention of Australian legislators, consent is in fact relevant for the purposes of establishing a number of the offences in divs 270 and 271. It suggests that law reform on this matter is warranted, not only to address compliance with international law, but also to contend with challenges in the implementation of these laws connected to the meaning and role of consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By comparing two missionary films, the British Livingstone (1925) and the Italian Abuna Messias (1939), this study identifies a striking similarity and some differences between the British and the Italian colonial agendas. These two visual narratives are distant in time and belong to two different imperial histories and imaginations; however, one scene in the earlier British film is reproduced almost identically in the later Italian one. This study argues that the shared content underlines not only the Italian fascist government's political aim to explain colonialism and warfare with the justification of fighting human trafficking, but also the intent to create an image of anti-slavery struggle on the British model. This work sheds new light on how Abuna Messias furthered the role of the Catholic Church and the missionary agenda in Italian fascist colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the two decades since federal law prohibited the trafficking of humans for sexual or nonsexual services, researchers have generated knowledge related to the mental and physical health consequences of the experience, the individual and environmental factors that facilitate exploitation, and the best practices for prevention and intervention. Despite these advances in knowledge about human trafficking, relatively scant research has explored the resiliencies of survivors, as a deficit-based narrative persists when exploring and contemplating survivor experiences. While the movement increasingly recognizes the need to situate the survivor voice in service delivery, advocacy, and research, an inquiry that values survivor strengths remains nascent. Using the Intersectional-Standpoint Methodology (ISM) and phenomenology, this qualitative study explores the nuances of resiliency during exploitation and exit among seven sex trafficking survivor–advocates in a small midwestern state. Themes related to coping strategies, intrapersonal coping skills, and interpersonal coping skills were revealed and contextualized through the four variables proposed in ISM. Implications for service provision and policy are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the country, states and communities needs help. Law enforcement agencies are constantly facing the horrible challenges of sex trafficking for both children and adults. There is a simple solution that has been shown to help make a difference, Electronic Detection K9s (ESD K9s). Many organizations are currently helping the effort to provide ESD K9s to Law Enforcement Agencies, Cybercrime Units & Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC) Units. These ESD K9s assist in searches connected to child sexual abuse and trafficking. ESD K9s are professionally trained to locate very important yet often overlooked evidence including cellphones, computers, micro-SD Cards, USBs Flash drives, and other electronic devices that may contain sensitive photos, financial information, contacts, etc. One such device could hold thousands of images or videos of children that need help and can be used as evidence in court to prosecute offenders (Defenders for Children). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humanity teeters on a critical precipice for future survival. Human activities especially our proliferating consumption levels are destroying our planet and increasing the misery of precarity, inequality, and exploitation of millions of people worldwide. Forced labour, modern slavery, and human trafficking are at least indecent and at worst obscene work, which takes place in fragile ecosystems facing irreversible devastation. The Sustainable Development Agenda 2030, and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals offer a pathway for human beings to enable decent work harmonious with environmental protections – sustainable livelihoods. Sustainable business models that are embodied in organisational values, codes of conduct, and daily practice are quintessential to ensuring both people, and the planet thrives and prosper. Industrial/organisational psychologists and vocational practitioners are key actors in ensuring sustainable livelihoods as a human right, and the basic norm in the world of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maren Röger, Wartime Relations: Intimacy, Violence, and Prostitution in Occupied Poland, 1939-1945, translated by Rachel Ward (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2021), 224 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index. Parts II and III analyze the intimate relationships between Polish women and German men that, according to Röger, fit into the "consensual" part of her typology. Providing new insights into the everyday life of the German occupation, Maren Röger's monograph makes an important contribution to modern Polish history. [Extracted from the article]

Nurses as healthcare professionals are in key positions to identify trafficked persons. Assessment of nurse knowledge shows the benefit of using asynchronous human trafficking education as a means for learning. Recommendations from this study for professional development educators include garnishing nurse executive support and use of case-study, evidence-based approaches. Support for state-mandated human trafficking education requirements for initial and ongoing licensure of nurses is necessary as human trafficking knowledge may decrease over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review integrates literature from diverse perspectives to better understand when and how management of major sport events promotes or harms human rights. The authors critically review 130 peer-reviewed English language articles to identify conceptual contributions to research and practice. The findings reveal that politics and political reform, legal frameworks, and organizational actions are crucial influences in when and how management of events promotes or harms human rights. The most frequently considered rights in the literature are: equality, human trafficking related, sport as a human right, worker rights, and freedom of residence. Activism for human rights stimulates change within relevant stakeholders via collaboration, naming and shaming, in-public debates, and media coverage. The committed, transparent, and inclusive consideration of human rights in all stages of managing sport events (from bid preparation, bidding, planning, and hosting to postevent leverage) may increase the likelihood that the event has social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trafficking is a global problem with challenges for societies and those agencies tasked with the protection of the public. Much human trafficking is in the form of sex or labor trafficking with over 22,000 cases reported in the US alone in 2019. Although prevalent in many industries, the event industry is particularly vulnerable to human trafficking with tourism destinations and the major events they host prone to such activity. This exploratory study, underpinned by collaboration theory, adopts a qualitative approach by interviewing stakeholders in the US to identify the causes, scale, reach, and impact of human trafficking in the context of major events. The study then identifies those initiatives designed and implemented to help mitigate the occurrences of human trafficking activity and minimize the damage to individuals and negative reputation for those major events caught up in this modern-day criminality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frónesis is the property of Universidad del Zulia (Fronesis) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While the majority of American Academy of Dermatology members have some broad awareness of human trafficking, most are not aware of it in their communities or of the skin signs that could prompt identification of those being exploited, and have requested educational resources to assist patients affected by trafficking. The American Academy of Dermatology Ad Hoc Task Force on Dermatologic Resources for the Intervention and Prevention of Human Trafficking has been working to develop relevant resources, including an online toolkit on the American Academy of Dermatology website: https://www.aad.org/member/clinical-quality/clinical-care/human-trafficking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most pivotal topics of discussion in current international criminological discussions has been the prevention of human trafficking at national and international borders. Trafficking in humans happens in an organised criminal network with fundamental components of action, means, and purpose. To build a potential scenario of human trafficking, one component that is quintessentialistransportation across borders typically from sourceto destination. The relationships between different forms of transportation to depict the trends in human trafficking have not been explored yet. This study addresses this gap by investigating the geography of human trafficking and how it relates to transportation by air, rail, or water. In this study, a micro-level analysis of three modes of transportation and the number of human trafficking cases was done using spatial analysis which has advantages over quantitative data. By mapping out the transportation ways and hubs, a hotspot analysis of human trafficking on a national level was performed. The resulting maps demonstrate links between a number of human trafficking incidents and with a number of airports, sea ports, railway junctions, disjoint railway lines, sharing of coastal lines, and international borders. The research will help the anti-trafficking initiatives to strategize their prevention measures geographically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how healthcare providers like medical imaging and radiation therapy professionals can detect or identify possible human trafficking victims to end the cycle of exploitation and provide appropriate care. Also cited are the importance of trafficking prevention education in accurate victim identification, as well as the activities associated to labor and sex trafficking like domestic servitude and exchange of sex for things of value like food and drugs.

Individuals experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and/or human trafficking (HT) are at increased risk of severe health consequences as a result of legislation criminalizing and/or restricting abortion, which is expected to increase as a result of the Supreme Court decision Dobbs v. Jackson. These risks are further stratified by race, socioeconomics, and other marginalizing demographic attributes. IPV and HT introduce barriers to maintaining physical and mental health, due to control of access to transportation and funds by the abuser, fear of retribution for seeking healthcare, and other barriers. Individuals experiencing IPV or HT often lack reproductive autonomy, as a result of facing reproductive coercion at the hands of their abusers. Following the Dobbs decision, these vulnerable patient populations will face further limitations on their reproductive autonomy and increased obstacles to obtaining an abortion if they medically need or desire one. This will likely result in more patients presenting to the emergency department due to complications from unsafe or unsupervised self-managed abortions, as well as patients being reluctant to report having obtained an unlawful abortion due to fear of legal consequences. This is particularly relevant to individuals experiencing IPV and HT, as they may be more likely to use these methods for obtaining an abortion due to numerous barriers. Emergency medicine clinicians are vital in providing care to these patients, as they frequently present to emergency departments. A multi-pronged approach to better support these patients is essential, involving an increased index of suspicion for IPV, HT or the complications of unsupervised abortion, improved organizational structures, specialized training for staff, improved screening methods, reflection on implicit bias, and recommendations for mindful documentation and legal considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central and Eastern European nations have undergone significant socioeconomic policy reforms since the collapse of their socialist centralized systems. Since 1992, the Republic of Albania has faced numerous significant obstacles, and at first, eliminating gender inequality was not given much priority. In addition to being a fundamental right and a shared ideal of EU institutions, gender equality is a crucial component that must be included in the legal systems of all candidate nations hoping to join the EU. Social exclusion in developing countries can take two forms: active or passive. Women's needs and interests are typically overlooked because they are shut out of numerous aspects of life, including work, education, access to the legal system, the realization of their property rights, and so on. The Republic of Albania has created several laws, policies, and action plans about gender equality in the wake of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), in addition to policies against human trafficking, domestic abuse, closing the representational gap in politics and the economy, and other issues. In this essay, I examine Albania's approach to assessing European standards and, if applicable, modify them to fit regional political customs and cultural norms. The best way to enforce laws, rather than just creating rules, models, and regulations, is to ensure that the body of law is in harmony with the culture in which it operates. In pursuing full EU integration, this is an overall effort to assess and contrast some of the approaches and measures Albanian representatives and society have taken to address the gender factor in the democratization process and institution-building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an increase in human trafficking in the United States, there is a need for nursing curricula to provide education and engagement in recognizing and appropriately caring for victims. The purpose of this article is to describe an undergraduate nursing simulation involving a human trafficking victim with a discussion of how the American Association of Colleges of Nursing's (AACN) Essentials were addressed by the simulation. The results of the course evaluation indicated that providing an opportunity for baccalaureate nursing students to engage in a simulation involving a victim of human trafficking allowed them to solidify classroom theory and education. Students reported increased confidence in recognizing victims after participating in the education and simulation. In addition, the simulation met many of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing's new Essentials further highlighting the importance of this clinical activity within the nursing curriculum. Nursing education is obligated to empower students to identify social determinants of health and advocate for social justice related to vulnerable populations. Because nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers, they are likely to encounter human trafficking victims and should be educated to identify victims in practice. • A large percentage of human trafficking victims encounter healthcare providers during the time they are trafficked. • It is essential that nurses be trained to recognize and appropriately treat victims. • A human trafficking simulation was associated with increased confidence in recognizing and advocating for victims. • Analysis of the simulation with AACN's Essentials determined that the simulation met many of the competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivering human trafficking education to nursing students may improve graduates' ability to identify and assist persons victimized by trafficking. A paucity of research has examined human trafficking as a content area in academic nursing programs as well as nurse educators' understanding and teaching practices of human trafficking. This study sought to (a) describe nurse educators' perceived knowledge, actual knowledge, attitudes, instructional beliefs, and instructional practices of human trafficking; (b) determine if differences in actual knowledge, attitudes, and instructional beliefs of human trafficking exist among nurse educators who have experience teaching about human trafficking compared to nurse educators who have never taught about human trafficking; and (c) determine if differences in actual knowledge, attitudes, and instructional beliefs exist among nurse educators who have received human trafficking training compared to nurse educators who have not received human trafficking training. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using survey methodology. A nationwide sample of 332 academic nurse educators was analyzed. Findings among nurse educators included low perceived knowledge levels and strong actual knowledge levels about human trafficking. Participants held awareness they may encounter trafficked individuals in the workplace and expressed responsibility to respond to suspected cases. However, participants reported having received insufficient training on the topic and low confidence responding to trafficking situations. While nurse educators find relevance and value in teaching students about human trafficking, most do not have personal experience teaching about human trafficking or feel confident teaching on the topic. This study provides preliminary knowledge of nurse educators' understanding and teaching practices of human trafficking. Findings from this study offer implications for nurse educators and program administrators to improve human trafficking training among nursing faculty and integrate human trafficking education into curricula. • Nurse educators have low perceived knowledge of human trafficking. • Nurse educators lack confidence in responding to human trafficking cases. • Faculty perceive teaching students about trafficking to be relevant and important. • Nurse educators lack personal experience teaching about human trafficking. • A need exists to expand human trafficking training among nursing faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to educate emergency nurses and social workers about human trafficking and implement a human trafficking screening, management, and referral protocol adapted from the National Human Trafficking Resource Center. A human trafficking educational module was developed and delivered at a suburban community hospital emergency department to 34 emergency nurses and 3 social workers through the hospital's e-learning platform, with learning outcomes evaluated via a pretest/posttest and program evaluation. The emergency department electronic health record was revised to include a human trafficking protocol. Patient assessment, management, and referral documentation were evaluated for protocol adherence. With established content validity, 85% of nurses and 100% of social workers completed the human trafficking educational program, with posttest scores being significantly higher than pretest scores (mean difference = 7.34, P ≤.01) along with high (88%-91%) program evaluation scores. Although no human trafficking victims were identified during the 6-month data collection period, nurses and social workers adhered to the documentation parameters in the protocol 100% of the time. The care of human trafficking victims can be improved when emergency nurses and social workers can recognize red flags using a standard screening tool and protocol, thereby identifying and managing potential victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trafficking is a crime against humanity that was and is still being committed by one person against another person for the sake of money and achieving material benefit by making the human victim a commodity or something that can be sold, bought and traded, and the forms of this crime have varied from trading for sex purposes to selling human organs and forced labor and others one of the images that the governments of countries and the United Nations are working to reduce and combat through national laws and international conventions with the aim of criminalizing this act and punishing its perpetrators even with the consent of the victim. However, the world is now witnessing a new image that can be added to these images, which is the case of human trafficking for political purposes Which is the subject of my paper, which is based on the idea that some political parties or owners of money in the countries of the world are working to support a specific candidate or to agree with a specific person for the purpose of applying for candidacy for the parliamentary elections, and in the event of his victory, he is obligated to implement the decisions and requests that are rejected by that partisan body or a group of men the money they supported in his electoral campaign. As for the other form, it is the case of supporting a person to reach a position in the government, he may be a minister or may like that. This situation can occur in all countries of the world when its elements are met, and the most important of these elements is the presence of a party that owns money and financing. The paper also identified the seriousness of this situation for societies in general, because its damage affects the lives of members of society more than its impact on one person. The paper It proposes to address the situation by penalizing it in national laws, especially those related to elections, and also by activating popular oversight of the work of a representative in parliament or an official in the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, sexual exploitation of Nigerian and Gambian girls and women has become an increasing concern, particularly in the context of human trafficking. Many of these girls are enticed away from their homes by promises of a job or school, only to be pushed into prostitution once they arrive in Europe. This paper seeks to investigate the issue of Afro-Euro modern slavery in the twenty-first century in relation to the sex trafficking of girls from Nigeria and the Gambia into Europe by studying some noteworthy incidents and discussing the underlying elements that led to this situation. The information was taken from the interview guide and studies from prestigious research institutions. The technique of content analysis was used to analysed the data. Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were used to pick respondents and locations in Nigeria and Gambia, respectively. The findings of the study revealed that economic hardship and insecurity were among the issues identified by respondents as the reasons for the acts of sexual exploitation and prostitution in both countries. These reasons were also justified by scholars who have conducted similar research on sexual exploitation. However, there appears to be a gap in the body of literature concerning the underlying causes of sexual exploitation and its expressions, which have been traced back to decades of slavery and colonial institutions. This has resulted in cultural erosion and distorted values, among other things, in the study areas. This study has reinforced the idea that sexual exploitation in Africa is a result of institutional failure, moral deterioration, and the erection of artificial borders or governments. The study recommends increased dedication on the part of African and UN officials in the fields of study and the integration of African nations on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some weighty claims are made about the capacity of consent education to address the problem of sexual exploitation and violence. The modern notion of consent has its origins in the criminal law where it has a specific and narrow function as the cardinal marker between rape and legal sex. This prompts us to ask: how fit for purpose is the concept of consent outside of the criminal law or, more specifically, how fit for purpose is consent in the context of primary prevention education? This article draws on an empirical study in the Australian state of New South Wales to examine how consent is mobilised and explained in community programs and campaigns that deliver respectful or healthy relationship education. The research shows that consent is a preferred narrative through which many educational initiatives tackle sexual exploitation and promote sexual respect. The article explores some of the limits of the language through which consent is defined and explained in these programs. Ultimately, however, it argues that we should be concerned not just with how consent is defined but, more fundamentally, with the prioritisation of consent as a primary narrative through which to tackle sexual exploitation. Consent is merely the minimum threshold necessary for legal sex. It is not a signifier of ethical or good sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trafficking is an urgent health threat. This study sought to psychometrically validate the novel Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Human Trafficking scale. Using data from a 2018 study of pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses (n = 777), this secondary analysis examined dimensionality and reliability of the survey. The Cronbach α for scale constructs was < 0.7 for knowledge and 0.78 for attitudes. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses identified a bifactor model for knowledge with relative fit indexes within standard cutoffs, root mean square error of approximation = 0.03, comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.94, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.06. The attitudes construct indicated a 2-factor model with root mean square error of approximation = 0.04, comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.98, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.06, within standard cutoffs. The scale is a promising tool in advancing nursing response to trafficking but needs further refinement to increase utility and uptake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to adequately meet the (re) integration needs of trafficked persons, it is important to first determine how success and failure of the (re) integration process is conceptualised in post-trafficking situations. We answer this question by looking at the feedback given by service providers (N = 40) when asked what they consider to be successful (re) integration, and what they consider to be a failed (re) integration process, based on their experiences with women trafficked for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Europe. This paper first provides an overview of the different dimensions of the (re) integration process: economic, institutional and social. It also situates the concept of recovery as applied in the context of post-trafficking situations within the overall framework of (re) integration. It concludes with a discussion of particular cases of successes and failures of the (re) integration process of trafficked persons. We find that rather than speaking of definitive success of the (re) integration process, it is much closer to what happens in practice to speak of the continuum of success along different dimensions. Finally, a failure of the process is found to be when a woman returns to a situation of exploitation, or when regression or re-trafficking occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This Article is based on the premise that modern day human trafficking, like the transatlantic slave trade, violates jus cogens norms, 2 and thus the practice was and still is a violation of US laws under customary international law.3 The analysis will examine the laws that were applied to chattel slavery in England and her colonies through the lens of some seminal slavery cases to unearth the tyranny Of interpretation in human trafficking reparations and liability claims under the current Supreme Court jurisprudence and the Alien Tort Statute CATS").4 The featured cases will reveal that the same philosophies undergirding the jurisprudence Of the slave trade still informs the US Supreme Court's application of liability for human trafficking in the global supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human trafficking is a form of exploitation that adversely affects the integrity of individuals, communities, countries, and our world. Force, fraud, and/or coercion may be used to compel an individual into engaging with involuntary labor or commercial sex. Both these forms of exploitation impose significant physical, psychological, social, and emotional consequences upon the well-being of trafficked persons. We will explore the types of human trafficking, risk factors, approaches to recognizing trafficked patients via common clinical and imaging findings, as well as opportunities to help. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]