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Julia Lahaye (1886-1978), a Belgian nurse who worked for the Barcelona Red Cross during the Spanish Civil War, was considered by peers and patients as one of the most outstanding figures of local society for her sense of sacrifice, her spirit of organization, and her humanitarian work. But that is only one part of her life story. In 1921, Lahaye had been convicted in absentia of spying for the German Reich during World War I and fled to Spain. Her story illustrates the complexity of human character and makes us ponder the question of whether humanitarian action can be motivated by repentance and the desire to atone for the crimes of the past. It also helps to deconstruct gender stereotypes of women nurses who have been traditionally depicted as "angels of mercy" and to rethink how the experiences of care receivers can shape the identity of caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'action des pharmaciens humanitaires a pour finalité de favoriser l'accès aux soins des plus démunis en France et à l'étranger. Ils interviennent dans les zones de conflits, mais aussi en cas de catastrophe naturelle et de crise sanitaire ou économique. Les pharmaciens qui font le choix de s'engager peuvent accéder à des formations afin d'être à même d'apporter leur contribution aux organisations non gouvernementales qui œuvrent dans ce domaine. The purpose of humanitarian pharmacists is to promote access to health care for the poorest people in France and abroad. They intervene in conflict zones, but also in the event of natural disasters and health or economic crises. Pharmacists who choose to get involved can access training to be able to contribute to non-governmental organizations working in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanitarian action, in the broad sense, including global outreach missions by ENT physicians, has been effective for many years. These volunteer missions have not had any specific regulatory framework, be it medical, social or above all ethical. The testimony of ENT physicians in certain "recipient" countries, in particular during the 2017 Paris Congress of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (IFOS), revealed the importance of adequate coordination between "provider" and "recipient" teams. Several ethical reports have been made, but few specifically focused on ENT outreach. The present review is based on feedback from several missions given to the French Society of OtoRhinoLaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL) and IFOS, and on a review of the literature. A specific charter of global outreach and humanitarian missions in ENT has been drawn up. This review is essential for optimizing the sharing of knowledge and training in otorhinolaryngology across the world while respecting mandatory sociocultural and ethical rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst the relation between local and global levels has been a long-standing concern of humanitarian, development, and peace efforts, in recent years the term "localisation" has become a major issue in the humanitarian sector whilst peacebuilding scholarship has taken a "local turn." This article analyses the concept of localisation across the three parts of the triple nexus—humanitarian, development, and peace. It traces the long-standing concern with the local in each of these domains, considering similarities and differences in their engagement with the local and counter-veiling trends towards universalisation, before proceeding to frame four challenges common to localisation across all forms of conflict response: defining the local, valuing local capacity, maintaining political will, and multi-scalar conflict response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vereinte Nationen is the property of Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Forensic anthropologists have played key roles in the historical development of forensic science applications to global humanitarian and human rights issues. These anthropological initiatives can be traced back to the Smithsonian seminar organized by T. D. Stewart in 1968 and published in 1970. Key developments include the 1984 delegation sent by the American Association for the Advancement of Science to Argentina and the formation of the Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team. Subsequent highlights include major anthropological involvement in support of investigations by international criminal tribunals, formation of forensic anthropology teams in different countries and activities of the International Commission of Missing Persons and the forensic unit of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Recent developments feature the formation of the Humanitarian and Human Rights Resource Center of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and its support of worthwhile projects in many countries. The published record provides historical perspective on these developments. Highlights • In recent years, the field of forensic anthropology has expanded and become more global. • This is due to forensic anthropology's contributions to human rights investigations. • Multiple organizations have formed that use anthropologists to aid investigations. • Forensic anthropologists play integral roles in the recovery/identification process. • Forensic anthropology's interest in human rights is registered in key publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end of the 1956 revolution, which was violently put down by the Soviet Union, generated a wave of Hungarian refugees, whose accommodation and integration was aided by an international aid initiative. Together these form an important chapter in the history of Hungarian and international migration. The large mass of refugees, totalling 200,000 people and thus constituting a significant group even in a broad European perspective, meant that their successful transportation to host countries and subsequent integration represented an exceptional success for international aid efforts. In addition to UN agencies, many NGOs, including the International Red Cross, played a major role in this action. The League of Red Cross Societies, which united more than 100 million people, brought together the work of a number of national Red Cross societies. In cooperation with the UNHCR and the Austrian government, the League took responsibility for the placement and accommodation of tens of thousands of Hungarian refugees in camps, in addition to the facilitation of their transportation to and integration in their new home countries. This study-based on materials from the archives of the international Red Cross (Geneva) and of the French Red Cross (Paris), as well as American foreign policy documents and international secondary literature-presents the activities of the League of Red Cross Societies on behalf of Hungarian refugees, the related decision-making processes, the lessons from the activities performed by the leaders of the institution, and the importance of the case to the history of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The Washington Group Short Set of Questions on Disability (WGQ) has been promoted to support inclusive practice within Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), humanitarian action and more broadly international development. Yet there is limited documentation of learning from use in practice. This article draws together practice and learning from Indonesia, the Philippines and Bangladesh by German Non-Government Organisation Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund (ASB), and local partner Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and Disabled People's Organisations (DPOs). It aims to break down perceptions related to the complexity of disability inclusion and disability data, and encourage disaster actors to actively use the WGQ. It outlines that the WGQ are a practical tool for DRR and humanitarian action actors to support identification of persons with disabilities and plan accessible initiatives and services which are inclusive to most at-risks populations. However, the article argues that it is important to ensure those using the WGQ are sufficiently trained and supported, the question set is fitting to needs, appropriately framed and implemented, and additional information is collected based on data collection needs to ensure there is sufficient information to support inclusive practice within initiatives. In addition, this paper contributes to the literature on inclusion by spelling out the learning that has come in the journey to develop good practice in collecting and using disability data in DRR and humanitarian actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanitarian organizations are increasingly interested in using seasonal forecasts to prepare for and mitigate the impacts of potential disasters before they begin. El Niño teleconnections increase the predictability of flooding and drought events in Southern and Eastern Africa, providing humanitarian stakeholders with advanced warning of potential weather events. This study draws on evidence from key-informant interviews with humanitarian organizations and government officials in five African countries (Zambia, Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Malawi) to better understand how national, regional, and international humanitarian organizations respond to climate and weather warnings. We find that organizations looked to data from past El Niño events to develop contingency plans and gradually implement response activities but that few organizations attempt to monitor and evaluate their activities or use forecasts to help people capture additional benefits. Although they would like greater specificity and higher forecast skill, humanitarians largely trust international forecasts. Access to intermediaries, contextualized data, and flexible funding, and well-established social protection mechanisms facilitate action. Based on these results we recommend that future efforts focus on developing capacities and complementary, localized, information that will help actors translate the forecasts into action. Future research is also needed to understand whether action leads to desired impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The explosion in data availability and new analytical tools combined with increasing humanitarian need and the imperative of anticipatory action compel us to rethink humanitarian information systems and humanitarian action for the future. Synthesizing interviews with humanitarian practitioners, donors, analysts, and researchers and analyses of early warning (EW) information systems and their linkages to Anticipatory Action (AA), we describe six information challenges within the current system: abundant but confusing information, the difficulty of predicting conflict, politicized information, limitations of new analytical tools, varying information needs, and limited data sharing. We then propose an approach to improve the timeliness and appropriateness of action for humanitarian crises and disasters. Rather than ask, "What can we do with the information (early warning and otherwise) that we have to inform action?" we propose asking, "What information do we need for anticipatory (and other) action?" In other words, we propose planning from known and likely hazards and actions back to information needs. Such an approach should help to mitigate shocks before they cause major humanitarian crises. While not all crises can be prevented, this approach could also support responsive action, which is equally important for protecting human life and dignity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a typical year, relief agencies respond to over 338 emergencies throughout the world. Twenty four per cent of those humanitarian crises are centred in Africaand few will rise to international attention unless they are rated as large scale emergencies.When a disaster occurs, irrespective of the scale and scope of the crisis, the humanitarian needs of the right-holders or affected communities are of equal importance, and relief agencies must be prepared to respond when needed. In Kenya, the Real Time Evaluation of the 2011 Horn of Africa drought identified that the lack of a rapid assessment mechanism was a major obstacle for the humanitarian community to provide high quality responses to people affected by disasters. UNICEF Kenya with UNOCHA East Africa, Assessment Capacities Project, RedRUK,Kenya Red Cross and the Kenyan Governmentput in place the partnership-based collaborative Kenya Inter Agency Rapid Assessment (KIRA) and established a mechanism capable of conducting a multi-agency,multi-sectoral assessment of humanitarian needs. As part of the Government-led rapid response mechanism in Kenya, over 700 humanitarian partners have been trained. This light-weight needs assessment mechanism, including easy-to-usetechnology for real-time data collection, has been used in 17 emergencies, including theSouth Sudan refugee crisis. The local authorities also used KIRA during inter-communal conflicts in areas bordering Somalia, which are still regarded as “no travel zones” forthe United Nations in Kenya.Funded by DG-ECHO, KIRA has been a widely-acclaimed successful model for coordination, disaster preparedness, and enhanced assessment capacity for identifying the immediate humanitarian needs of right-holders. KIRA is currently in the process of scaling up in the region as part of South–South Cooperation. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of three years of KIRA practices in Kenya will have global significance on process-based and humanitarian technology-driven humanitarian action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a typical year, relief agencies respond to over 338 emergencies throughout the world. Twenty four per cent of those humanitarian crises are centred in Africa and few will rise to international attention unless they are rated as large scale emergencies. When a disaster occurs, irrespective of the scale and scope of the crisis, the humanitarian needs of the right-holders or affected communities are of equal importance, and relief agencies must be prepared to respond when needed. In Kenya, the Real Time Evaluation of the 2011 Horn of Africa drought identified that the lack of a rapid assessment mechanism was a major obstacle for the humanitarian community to provide high quality responses to people affected by disasters. UNICEF Kenya with UNOCHA East Africa, Assessment Capacities Project, RedR UK, Kenya Red Cross and the Kenyan Government put in place the partnership-based collaborative Kenya Inter Agency Rapid Assessment (KIRA) and established a mechanism capable of conducting a multi-agency, multi-sectoral assessment of humanitarian needs. As part of the Government-led rapid response mechanism in Kenya, over 700 humanitarian partners have been trained. This light-weight needs assessment mechanism, including easy-to-use technology for real-time data collection, has been used in 17 emergencies, including the South Sudan refugee crisis. The local authorities also used KIRA during inter-communal conflicts in areas bordering Somalia, which are still regarded as "no travel zones" for the United Nations in Kenya. Funded by DG-ECHO, KIRA has been a widely-acclaimed successful model for coordination, disaster preparedness, and enhanced assessment capacity for identifying the immediate humanitarian needs of right-holders. KIRA is currently in the process of scaling up in the region as part of South-South Cooperation. It is expected that the findings and recommendations of three years of KIRA practices in Kenya will have global significance on process-based and humanitarian technology-driven humanitarian action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana is the property of Cirugia Plastica Ibero-Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação is the property of Fundacao UNI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultures et Conflits is the property of Centre d'Etudes sur les Conflits, Revue Cultures & Conflits and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultures et Conflits is the property of Centre d'Etudes sur les Conflits, Revue Cultures & Conflits and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Localisation has recently emerged as one of the most prevalent global norms shaping humanitarian reform towards more locally-led response as a corrective to power imbalances in the humanitarian system. The concept of localisation however remains subject to much debate and the practical complexities of localised humanitarian response have not yet been fully unpacked. This paper explores the meaning of – and challenges to – localisation of humanitarian action through a case-study of local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in war-torn Yemen. Drawing on empirical fieldwork including interviews with international and local NGOs, it analyses the practical, logistical, and political obstacles to the application of localisation and explores the conceptualisations of locally-embedded actors. The paper finds that whilst some progress has been made in terms of technical-operational localisation despite highly challenging conditions, genuine localisation viewed as empowerment that disrupts hierarchical aid relationships has not been actualized. Finally, the paper explores the policy and practice implications of the findings and suggests areas for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The south of Chad has seen an influx of many tens of thousands of refugees within the last three years. After the president of the neighbouring Central African Republic (CAR), Felix Patasse, was overthrown in a coup d'etat in March 2003 more than 50.000 people fled to Chad, across the northern border. From the beginning of the refugee crisis, UNHCR has been present in the area to house and protect the refugees. Following a renewed influx of large numbers of refugees in autumn 2005, UNHCR adopted a new strategy of 'integration' for their newest camp 'Gondje'. 'Integration' aims for a joint use of camp facilities, such as schools and clinics, by the refugee population as well as by the local Chadian population. It is meant to bring benefits to the underdeveloped region of southern Chad. On the other hand, this strategy can also lead to a permanent resettlement of the refugees from CAR in Chad. Based on recent fieldwork in the area and in the camp of 'Gondje', this paper traces the strategy of 'integration' through a number of narratives as well as spatial analyses, puts it into a context of the planning strategies of refugee camps followed by UNHCR, and speculates on the effects and repercussions of this strategy. As emergency situations and the field of developmental work are becoming the areas within which architects are increasingly practicing, the article also sheds light on the responsibilities and the dilemmas the profession faces when operating in these humanitarian contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)