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Graphical Abstract: TOC figure: Synergistic combination of a conductive nano-fibrillar network (CNN) and nano-bridging amorphous polyhydroxyalkanoate (aPHA) binder that affords the high-performance cathode with ≥ 250 μm thickness and ≥ 90 wt% active cathode material. Li-metal batteries (Li//t-NCM) based on thick cathodes and thin Li exhibit outstanding energy storage performance.

The objectives were to evaluate the effects of standardized ileal digestible (SID) His:Lys ratio above the current NRC requirement on growth performance, intestinal health, and mobilization of His-containing proteins, including hemoglobin, carnosine, and trypsinogen, in nursery pigs from 7 to 11 kg body weight (BW). Forty pigs (26 d of age; initial BW of 7.1 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Dietary treatments were supplemented with varying SID His to Lys ratios of 26%, 32%, 38%, 43%, and 49% and fed to pigs for 14 d (SID Lys = 1.22%). Feed intake and BW were recorded at d 0, 7, and 14 to measure growth performance. Blood samples were collected on d 12. Pigs were euthanized on d 14 to collect pancreas, longissimus dorsi muscles, mid-jejunum, and jejunal mucosa. Data were analyzed using the Proc Mixed of SAS. Growth performance was not affected, whereas varying SID His to Lys ratio affected hemoglobin (P< 0.05, max: 12 g/dL at 36%), immunoglobulin A (IgA, P< 0.05, min: 1.25 μg/mg at 35%) in jejunal mucosa, villus height (P= 0.065, max: 536 μm at 40%) in jejunum, trypsinogen (P= 0.083, max: 242 pg/mg at 41%) in pancreas, and carnosine (P= 0.051, max: 4.7 ng/mg at 38%) in muscles. Varying SID His to Lys ratios linearly increased (P< 0.05, from 1.95 to 2.80 nmol/mg) protein carbonyl in muscles and decreased (P< 0.05, from 29.1% to 26.9%) enterocyte proliferation. In conclusion, SID His to Lys ratio between 35% and 41% in diets fed to nursery pigs at 7 to 11 kg enhanced intestinal health and maximized concentrations of His-containing proteins, indicating that His-containing proteins are effective response criteria when determining His requirement.The optimal standardized ileal digestible histidine to lysine ratio for pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight is between 35% and 41% based on concentrations of histidine-containing proteins and intestinal health status.Histidine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis, but it also plays a vital role in the metabolic system of pigs. An accurate assessment of His requirement provides pivotal information for efficient growth and health of pigs. Growth performance and plasma His concentration have been used to assess His requirement, but they may not be the effective parameters due to the contribution of His from mobilization of His-containing proteins, such as hemoglobin, carnosine, and pancreatic enzymes. Hemoglobin is a transport protein and the main component in red blood cells, enabling oxygen transport throughout the body. Most carnosine is stored in muscles at 3 to 4 g/kg wet weight and has antioxidative effects to prevent cells from oxidative damages. In addition, His has a critical role in serine peptidases as a part of the catalytic triad. In this study, growth performance did not respond to His deficiency due to the compensation of His from His-containing proteins and potentially due to a short experimental period. Standardized ileal digestible His to Lys ratio between 35% and 41% maximized concentrations of His-containing proteins and enhanced intestinal health in pigs at 7 to 11 kg body weight. This study indicated that hemoglobin, carnosine, and trypsinogen are effective response criteria when determining His requirement.

A photobleaching method has been used to observe the reorientation of tetracene and rubrene in polystyrene during physical aging. Rotation times change more than an order of magnitude during isothermal aging after a temperature quench from above Tg. Down- and up-jumps of the temperature show the expected asymmetry due to the nonlinearity of the aging process. The rotation times of tetracene and rubrene require the same amount of time to reach equilibrium after a temperature change (10³ − 10⁵ s in the range 93–99 °C). These equilibration times are the same order of magnitude as equilibration times for volume and enthalpy relaxation, but have a somewhat weaker temperature dependence. Very near equilibrium, the rates of aging are different for the two probes, with rubrene approaching equilibrium more rapidly at very long times. This may be understood if the aging process is spatially heterogeneous, that is, if aging occurs more rapidly in some small regions of the sample than in others. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 68–79, 2000

Permeation-resistance and mechanical-property measurements were carried out on NBR/BIIR membranes. It was found that, in addition to good tensile strength and ultimate elongation, the composites exhibited better permeation resistance against benzene and methylethyl ketone than the pure elastomers. An explanation based on synergetics is offered, namely the observed improvement may be due to interaction effects.