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The ever-increasing use of fossil fuels causes the climate to become unbalanced due to the resulting pollution. Renewable energy is gaining widespread adoption because it is more cost-effective and eco-friendly. Using water as micro-hydro power plants or PLTMH can be a viable alternative to non-renewable fuel sources. Indonesia is one of the countries with the greatest application potential for micro-hydro power plants or PLTMH, particularly in Batang Regency, Central Java Province. This study focused on reducing the use of fossil fuels as a source of electricity in Batang Regency by utilizing water resources. Environmental approaches and hydrological analysis were employed in this study to achieve precise and optimal PLTMH planning outcomes. The results of the analysis indicated that the total discharge required to operate the PLTMH turbine is 2.22 m3/s with an 80% mainstay discharge, while the design flood discharge is 113,679 m3/s (Q100year). Implementing micro-hydro power plants or PLTMH in Batang Regency could be the first step in Indonesia's transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caravelle: Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Bresilien is the property of Presses Universitaires du Mirail and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Water Resources / Recursos Hídricos is the property of Associacao Portuguesa dos Recursos Hidricos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Only one-third of the world's rivers remain free flowing, and one million species face extinction. In the climate crisis, the race for "clean energy" is on. Over the last century, the Canadian government has built hundreds of hydropower dams and is pushing ahead with more big dams despite decades of science showing their irreversible and significant social, environmental, and economic harms. Canada markets its hydropower as "clean" and "renewable." In her book, Breaching the Peace: The Site C Dam and a Valley's Stand Against Big Hydro, journalist Sarah Cox documents the externalities caused by Canada's megadams and the ongoing struggle by indigenous people, farmers, and activists to stop one of the largest and most controversial dams located on the Peace River in British Columbia, Canada. Meg Sheehan, environmental attorney, interviewed Cox during the COVID-19 pandemic to get the story behind Canada's hydropower policy and how things can change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Nigeria energy industry remains in limbo, almost six decades after independence and the reason for this is not farfetched; the persistence present of corrupt leaders and active players in the sector is one major reasons. With the growing Nigerian population expected to reach over 400million in 2050 becoming third most populated country, only led by china and India in first and second positions respectively. Energy demand in the country is expected to further skyrocket. At present, the country has not been able to meets its energy need despite the various policies set in place. Though there exists a huge potential in hydroelectricity but it has been underutilized. The viability of hydroelectric as sustainable energy form was examined, and the huge potential it can play in the energy industry of Nigeria. At the same time an alternative energy form that can set the pace for better use of renewable energy was discussed; with solar energy used as a case study. At the end of the study it was revealed that both hydroelectric energy and solar energy will play critical roles in the actualization of Nigeria stable and sustainable energy bid in the foreseeable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 1960s and 70s, many Indigenous communities across Quebec (Canada) faced the expansion of hydroelectric development on their ancestral lands. Claimed by the Québécois to be among their biggest technological achievements, the huge dams built on the province's main rivers created new cultural landscapes that Indigenous peoples could not relate to, since the topography they were familiar with was completely transformed. A lot of places they used to inhabit and cherish disappeared under the large reservoirs the dams created. Drawing upon a PhD research project led in collaboration with the Innu community of Pessamit (on the Quebec North Shore), this paper focuses on the recollection of geographical memories through cultural mapping and storytelling. Shared by the elders during qualitative interviews, narratives relating past journeys along the rivers revealed how deep the connection is between geography and memory and to what extent remembering may constitute a way of inhabiting lost landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, the state-owned electrical energy utility in New Brunswick, Canada, announced that a problem with concrete expansion was shortening by 40 years the expected life of the 660 MW Mactaquac Generating Station on the Saint John River. Its construction late in the 1960s, and the subsequent inundation of 10,000 hectares (ha) was part of a regional modernisation programme. Locals lost homes, agricultural land, communities and landmarks and a new mill changed livelihoods and attracted new people. In the intervening decades, the reservoir has become locally cherished for waterfront living and pleasure boat recreation. Since 2012, independent social science research about the fate of the dam and headpond has been undertaken in parallel with stakeholder engagement and public relations by the electricity utility. The final decision was delivered late 2016. The chosen option was to extend the dam's life through repairs in situ, not one of the options formally under consideration. This paper presents provincial-scale discourses on the Mactaquac decision, using a 2014 energy survey of 500 New Brunswick residents which included questions about the Mactaquac decision. Analysis reveals how provincial preferences aligned with local qualitative research (summarised in an Appendix), revealing preferences for ongoing headpond amenity and the avoidance of further trauma associated with major landscape change. Preferences of First Nations to remove the dam may yet prove disruptive to the announced option. The discussion summarises aspects of the case study relevant to other instances of dam removal and landscape transition, as well as exploring options for further theoretical development, testing or application. These opportunities include: why males and females demonstrated different scales of concern around Mactaquac; the implications of different framings of hydroelectricity development (e.g. sacrificial landscape or local energy) on removal debates; and, how public decision-making can usefully engage with rather than dismiss uncertainty and path dependency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroelectricity is an old yet reliable form of renewable energy, with acknowledged social and ecological impacts. A tension currently exists between such concerns and energy needs, with dam construction and removal ongoing around the world. It is critical to better understand the implications of both on local citizens. We performed map elicitation interviews with 20 locals around the prematurely-aging Mactaquac Dam and headpond, in New Brunswick, Canada, to understand if and how they came to accept the dam landscape, and what they want for its future. A Baselines of Acceptability conceptual framework was developed to guide the interpretation. Respondents demonstrated attachment to the dam-in-place landscape, even those initially disadvantaged by its construction, and a preference for keeping the headpond intact. Despite this demonstrated adaptability, the paper calls for improved transparency, scope and justice in energy landscape decision-making, as well as further testing of the framework with different demographics, infrastructure case studies and over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biogeographic regions Amazonia and the Pantanal, two areas of high biodiversity importance, have a link to each other through an ecotone formed by the upstream part of the rivers Paraguay and Guaporé. The two river basins share part of their flora and fauna species and in this ecotone species exchange processes takes place. Therefore it should be considered as an important area to realize the targets for 2020 of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) at the regional level. However, since over 20 years this area is under severe pressure of land conversion and is increasingly threatened by river change, due to building of hydroelectric power stations. This causes direct and indirect damaging effects on the region and on its role as biodiversity corridor. In the framework of the BioNorte project we carried out a Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) analysis of the region and included a stakeholder analysis. The direct pressures are changes in the use of land and rivers that constitute the river ecotone between the Amazon and Pantanal. Indirect pressures are road access, opening the land for further deforestation and agricultural developments. Fragmentation of the remnant forest patches in combination with river fragmentation can cause decline in biodiversity, prevent species exchange between the Amazonia and the Pantanal and fish to spawn upstream. If river flows are being blocked, the flood pulse and the migration corridor of fish and the transport of plant seeds will be hampered. The societal response to this can be denial, a positive reaction by enforcement of traditional conservation actions or, as agreed at the COP 2010 by the Convention of Parties to the CBD as a goal for the year 2020, the integration of biodiversity targets into land development toward sustainable land use by diminishing river and forest fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Bulletin of Medical History is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the transformative potential of hydroelectricity by examining interactions with electric vehicle (EV) technologies in Québec, Canada. It finds that structural features of Québec's hydroelectric regime enabled Québec's EV technological innovation system. Organizational and institutional characteristics of the socio-technical environment shaped by Québec's history of hydroelectric development played a particularly important role in promoting political legitimacy and early-stage EV innovation processes, such as knowledge development and exchange. While the technical complements between hydro and EV could lead to significant GHG reductions, technical overlaps between the two technologies were less responsible for initiating the momentum needed to build an EV innovation system. Québec's social history of hydroelectricity development provides actors with important resources for the development of EV technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a humanitarian engineering project in Denver, Colorado's Westwood community. This project was a collaboration with Metropolitan State University of Denver, the Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities at the University of Colorado Boulder and the non-profit community group ReVision International. This paper discusses the implementation of a helpful technology solution for the community that could alleviate an identified problem common for households in Westwood. This paper presents the project through all the steps: community appraisal, analysis, problem identification, strategy planning, implementation and a plan for monitoring and evaluation. The community analysis identified the financial burden of high energy bills on the residents of the community as a pervasive problem that could be alleviated with a simple design, the solar furnace, a box built using recycled aluminum cans, plywood and acrylic plastic that heats the house through the conversion of solar energy into warm air. To demonstrate the technology, students from MSU Denver constructed and tested 4 different solar furnace design units, and implemented a pilot test at Re:Vision's (a local NGO working in Westwood) office. held a focus group with community leaders (“promotoras”) for discussion about the pilot unit, calculated energy and cost savings for the design, and developed a plan to continue the project from pilot stage to community implementation and installed 4 demonstration units on family households. The paper addresses the capacity and risk analysis for this design, the design itself, the implementation plan, the monitoring and evaluation plan which are the natural next steps in the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dartmouth Humanitarian Engineering's Hydropower Project seeks to implement small-scale “pico” hydropower in remote communities around the world. These smaller systems produce under a single kilowatt (kW) of power, and are capable of charging car batteries that can be distributed to community members. These rechargeable batteries are rented out through a battery box kiosk station, which is run by a member of the community. Once DHE's Hydropower group arrives in country, the team begins installation, which includes training local technicians to operate and maintain the site and the kiosk. DHE has utilized an iterative design process in developing its proprietary Pelton turbine design, aided by the assistance of graduate-level work done over 2011. The project has installed and helped maintain three turbines in Rwanda over the past five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life and works of Robert Rich Sharp (b. Gateshead, Durham County, England, 1881) is presented, from when he entered the mining field with Tanganyika Concessions Ltd. in Katanga Province, Congo (1904) fresh out of Oxford with a classical B.A. degree and after private tutorials in mineralogy and surveying. His mining activity in Katanga (1904-1921) is described, including the expedition of placer gold from Ruwe, surveying copper pro­perties within the Shaba Crescent, discovery of the Shinkolobwe radium- uranium deposit, pinpointing the Kipushi copper-zinc ore body within Congolese territory, and evaluating hydroelectric power at Cornet Falls, all important accomplishments. The history also includes how Sharp's mining pursuits were interrupted by service with the Royal Field Artillery in France during World War I (1916-1918), and concludes with the retiral of Major Sharp in 1921 from mining to take up farming and family life in Southern Rhodesia up to his death in 1960, in Bulawayo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water, biomass and geothermal are also renewable resources for use in power generation stations. Many countries around the world use these energy resources in their energy mix. The technologies needed for each of these renewable resources and how they are applied is discussed in the article. Their scenario in India is also presented. In the concluding remarks, the role of using renewable energy resources in electricity generation in the light of reduction of Green House Gas (GHG) emission into the atmosphere is deliberated. The pros and cons of renewable resources are discussed in detail and how they should be used responsibly is highlighted. The most important step towards reduction of GHG is to reduce consumption of energy in our routine, in addition to using renewable sources to generate the much needed electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the historical discussion surrounding the Spanish electrical industry and hydraulic policy in the early 20th century. The author asserts that the time period just prior to the Spanish civil war was the most significant period of hydro-electric expansion in the country. The issue of the Gasset Law and its public grants, which were made available to countries taking advantage of hydroelectric power, is clarified as the article seeks to understand the opportunity of the financial assistance and how it was implemented through the construction of reservoirs and by different hydroelectric companies.

Abstract: This article explores implications of the Nepal Power Development Project (NPDP), a scheme funded by a consortium of multilateral donors, including the World Bank and the Government of Nepal, to promote grid-connected hydroelectricity, off-grid microhydro energy, and transmission and distribution upgrades. After explaining its methods of data collection – namely research interviews, field research, and a literature review – the article explores the specific components of the NPDP as well as its progress to date. The most successful part of the project focused on Microhydro Village Electrification and distributed more than 250 units to 50,000 households in less than ten years. The article then delves into the delivered benefits of the NPDP before identifying a series of technical, economic, political, and social challenges. It concludes by highlighting how community involvement and mobilization, institutional diversity, reliance on simple technologies matched in proper scale to energy end-uses, maintenance and after sales service, flexibility, and restructuring can enhance the effectiveness of energy development programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This article examines the strategy of electrification for Sarawak which centers on large-scale hydroelectric projects. Drawing from extensive in-field interviews of stakeholders in Sarawak who are affected by the soon-to-be-completed 2400megawatt (MW) Bakun Hydroelectric Project, this article presents documentary evidence that these “hard path” mega energy projects are economically, socially and ecologically sub-optimal. The study suggests that more rigorous development of “soft path” small-scale, decentralized renewable energy systems more effectively support development and electrification aspirations for the region. The paper concludes with an analysis which invalidates the rationale for supporting mega projects yet recognizes that powerful advocates pose significant threats to a transition from hard to soft energy paths. It puts forth a concluding recommendation that pressure to scale down these mega projects and bolster decentralized, small-scale initiatives represents the most feasible approach to optimizing rural electrification in Sarawak. Overall, this case study provides both a detailed analysis of the inadequacies of mega energy projects in supporting economic development in less affluent regions and insight into how to strategically facilitate ideological change from hard (mega projects) to soft (decentralized energy systems) energy paths. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The stakes of hydroelectric matters between Central Asia and China have not been much discussed, though the possibilities for cooperation, as well as the potential problems, between these two zones are numerous. Beijing effectively views Central Asia as a region capable of supplying it with cheap electricity, which could make up with the energy shortfall in Xinjiang. Yet, China has arrived somewhat late on the Central Asian hydroelectricity market, the largest projects for hydroelectric stations being in the hand of Russian companies. However, many China-Central Asian projects play a very important role in local economic development and hydroelectricity cooperation could be promised to a bright future. This article then aims to give nuanced assessments of the Chinese potentials and limitations involved on a country-by-country, project-by-project basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• >350 large hydropower dams have been identified for construction in the Amazon basin. • Climate change will induce large-scale alterations in river hydrology basin-wide. • Frequency of zero hydropower generation increases and full-capacity operation decreases. • Mean hydropower generation decreases by ∼ 30% under worst-case climate change scenario. • Future Amazon hydropower's levelized cost of electricity ($ MWh−1) increases substantially under climate change. Numerous hydropower facilities are under construction or planned in tropical and subtropical rivers worldwide. While dams are typically designed considering historic river discharge regimes, climate change is likely to induce large-scale alterations in river hydrology. Here we analyze how future climate change will affect river hydrology, electricity generation, and economic viability of > 350 potential hydropower dams across the Amazon, Earth's largest river basin and a global hotspot for future hydropower development. Midcentury projections for the RCP 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios show basin-wide reductions of river discharge (means, 13 and 16%, respectively) and hydropower generation (19 and 27%). Declines are sharper for dams in Brazil, which harbors 60% of the proposed projects. Climate change will cause more frequent low-discharge interruption of hydropower generation and less frequent full-capacity operation. Consequently, the minimum electricity sale price for projects to break even more than doubles at many proposed dams, rendering much of future Amazon hydropower less competitive than increasingly lower cost renewable sources such as wind and solar. Climate-smart power systems will be fundamental to support environmentally and financially sustainable energy development in hydropower-dependent regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroelectricity is an emerging novel electricity generation phenomenon that the hydrogen bond energy is converted into chemical potential energy as electric power source by absorbing moisture. Here we report a high-performance water vapour energy harvester based on flexible MoS 2 nanosheets with a phase gradient from 1T to 2H. The phase-engineered MoS 2 film could provide open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current output of 19 mV and 6.24 µA with a low internal resistance of 3 kΩ. Additionally, the underlying mechanism of electricity generation from phase-engineered MoS 2 films was proposed in terms of contrast experiments and the plane wave density functional theory (DFT). Because of the advantages like flexible, safe, light weight and ease of scale production, this novel hydrovoltaic device could be designed as self-powered human-breathing monitor that can be integrated in disposable masks. The output voltage can be further enhanced to power commercial electronic devices by the serial connections of phase-engineered MoS 2 sponges. ga1 • A moisture-induced electricity generator based on the phase-engineered MoS 2 film is produced. • The phase-engineered MoS 2 film could provide an electric output of 19 mV and 6.24 µA with a low internal resistance of 3 kΩ. • The underlying mechanism has been explored by contrast experiments and first-principle calculations. • The output voltage can be further enhanced to power liquid crystal displays clock and light emitting diodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal diversity in the catchment and impact areas of the proposed Adirapally hydroelectric project in Kerala was studied during September to December, 1996. The area has southern moist deciduous forests, riparian forests, grasslands, bamboo and reed brakes, marsh and fallowlands and plantations of Tectona grandis and Bambar ceiba. During the study, 215 species of animals including endemics such as the Nilgiri langur, rufous babbler, whitebellied tree pie, bluewinged parakeet,small sunbird, yellowbrowed bulbul, flying lizard, southern birdwing, Malabar tree nymph, crimson rose and glad eye bushbrown were recorded. Signs of elephant movement were also noted in the area. There is a rich avian community consisting of 72 species including four migratory and one endangered species in this area. Maximum avian diversity was recorded in the moist deciduous habitat. Mixed hunting parties of10-15 species guided by a nuclear species were seen. The rare broadbilled roller was observed frequently in the plantations. Reptilian and amphibian diversity in the area was poor. It is suggested that if the dam is built, the impact and catchment areas of the dam be developed as Adirapally Wildlife Sanctuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydropower production is evaluated for two alternative regulation measures developed under the recent International Joint Commission Great Lakes Water Levels Reference. Measure 1.18 included a new control structure to regulate outflows from Lake Erie, while measure 1.21 was a revision of the current regulation plans for lakes Superior and Ontario. A negative impact to the entire hydropower system was calculated to range between US$11.9 and US$20.9 million/year under measure 1.18, while measure 1.21 had a positive impact in the range of US$1 to US$3 million/year. Considering the impacts to all interests, the Reference Study Board recommended no further consideration be given to measure 1.18, but that a measure similar to 1.21 should be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]