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Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the fact that there is a trend in understanding international humanitarian law and international human rights law as two separated branches of international law, discussions about these two concepts and their relationship continues. Rather than looking for which approach is correct, we should analyse what implications these discussions have in both theoretical and applied terms. To achieve that it is necessary to ascertain what is the nature and, consequently, what are the implications of identifying international humanitarian law and international human rights law as branches of international law, as well as the attributing specific norms to a particular branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noting that 2022 marked the 45th anniversary of the Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions – the first treaties that explicitly noted the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law - this column reflects on how the relationship between these two bodies of law has developed since 1977. It demonstrates that while much progress has been made internationally towards understanding the relationship between two bodies of law, there are still obstacles to be overcome if the goal is to apply the two bodies of law in a complementary fashion and achieve the maximum protection of the human person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Yearbook of International Law is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Internasjonal Politikk is the property of Cappelen Damm Akademisk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout history, especially after the Cold-War period, the Russian Federation manifested itself as a global power, engaging in many aggressive forms of warfare, ranging from conventional, to hybrid and informational. An important requirement in order to fully comprehend the legal consequences of their actions is to understand and analyze the international legal aspects, especially the International Humanitarian Law. This paper supports this initiative by raising awareness of all society members regarding the modus operandi of aggressive states that violate the International Humanitarian Law and the solutions provided by international conventions, such as the Geneva Conventions, international norms and customs. Methodologically, the qualitative research was integrated through the use of document analysis and a case study: the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The paper also presents the key differences between international human rights and international humanitarian law, a distinction which is often times confused by society at large. The evolution of international legislation regarding human rights and international humanitarian law is another aspect investigated in the study. In the end, the most important factor for protecting the civilian population is their knowledge of international legislation, as the key to halt all armed conflicts lies often in the societies' initiative and their proactive actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the issue of whether individuals who join enemy forces during international armed conflicts are entitled to prisoner of war status upon capture. It presents the long-running debate on the topic through a study of divided scholarly opinions and judicial decisions. An original analysis of the competing theories is conducted on the basis of available state practice, treaty interpretation methodology, and novel critical arguments and proposals. The article seeks to challenge the value attributed to mainstream academic opinions and judicial precedents and open the debate in an area of international humanitarian law that is still under development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the last fifty-odd years the US Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) has launched programs aiming at emulating and incorporating insect technologies in military technology. The US Army Unmanned Aircrafts Systems Roadmap 2010–2035 has specified insect swarming as a field of development for Unmanned Aviation Systems. While legal scholarship has paid substantial attention to drones, autonomous weapons systems and artificial intelligence (AI), developments based on insect swarming technologies have been largely ignored. This article takes emerging AI swarming technologies in military warfare systems as its starting point and asks about the significance of the swarming insect in and through contemporary International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and warfare. Taking up Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari's notions of 'the swarm' and the 'war machine', and drawing on critical environmental legal scholarship, the article argues that rather than dispersing the human from its central position in the 'targeting loop', the increased interest in insects for commercial and warfare purposes is an intensification of transhumanist desires and an acceleration of late capitalism. As a counter-move, and as a contribution to a posthumanist turn in IHL, the article calls for becoming-insect, swarm and minoritarian as an epistemological practice and ontological shift in IHL and its critical scholarship, resulting in a posthumanitarian legal ordering of becoming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the challenges of integrating an economically powerful State in the International Economic Order (hereinafter "IEO"). As such it identifies the process of the Americanization of the IEO focusing firstly on the relationship between economic power and the rule of international economic law in the context of decision-making in international organisations and adjudicative decisions in international trade. Secondly, it focusses on the responsibilities that a State has and/or should have in the engagement of trade wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International humanitarian law was created by states to apply to situations of armed conflict between them and aims to protect persons and property, which could be affected by hostilities, as well as to restrict and regulate the conduct of belligerents in general during their development. Although it is fully accepted that international humanitarian law becomes applicable in the event of an armed conflict, conventional international humanitarian law does not contain a precise and comprehensive definition of what is meant by "armed conflict". The task of interpreting and clarifying this phrase fell to the practice of states, jurisprudence and doctrinaires that used mainly the conventional provisions that distinguished between the two types of armed conflict in which international humanitarian law would be applicable. Thus, from a legal point of view, conventional international humanitarian law distinguishes between two types of armed conflict, in which its rules become applicable, namely: international armed conflicts and non-international armed conflicts. International humanitarian law will not apply in the case of interstate confrontations, which are not armed conflicts, or in situations of internal unrest and tension (protests, isolated and sporadic acts of violence or similar acts that do not reach the degree of seriousness to be considered armed conflicts). Thus, in the absence of an armed conflict, any divergence between States or any issue relating to individual protection will be resolved in accordance with applicable law in peacetime. In addition, the characteristics of contemporary armed conflicts pose a major challenge to the way in which the rules of international humanitarian law apply. These characteristics include: increasing the number of asymmetric conflicts, the involvement of the armed forces of one or more third countries in local/national conflicts, but which have international relevance or the proliferation and fragmentation of armed parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista UNISCI is the property of Unidad de Investigaciones Sobre Seguridad y Cooperacion International (UNISCI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Annals for Istrian & Mediterranean Studies / Annales: Series Historia et Sociologia is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of this paper is to highlight the special role that the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) plays in ensuring compliance with and in the evolution of international humanitarian law norms. Established in Geneva, in 1863, the most well-known of the ICRC's missions is to protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflicts or of any other situations of violence, to assist them and to prevent human suffering by promoting and strengthening the international humanitarian law and the universal humanitarian principles. Thus, the mandate of the ICRC was established by the Geneva Conventions of 1949, the three additional Protocols to these conventions (1977 and 2003), the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the resolutions of the International Conferences of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. However, one of the most valuable - although sometimes insufficiently visible - missions of the ICRC is that of prevention. Prevention work involves „taking actions to prevent the suffering directed at influencing those who can determine - directly or indirectly - the fate of those affected (by armed conflict or other situations of violence) and, generally, implies the adoption of a medium and/or long-term perspective". Specifically, as part of its preventive work, the ICRC maintains a constant dialogue with states and non-state actors and reminds them of their obligations under international humanitarian law. Also, the ICRC organizes training courses in international humanitarian law for an extremely diverse category of beneficiaries (representatives of states, teachers, humanitarian practitioners) and prints out publications in this field. In addition, the ICRC (in particular the International Humanitarian Law Advisory Service) offers specialized services to states to help them incorporate their international humanitarian law obligations into national law, institutions and practice. Therefore, this approach, which is rather descriptive and of general awareness, aims to highlight the main moments in the historical evolution of the ICRC, to give details about the mandate and the principles underlying its missions, as these missions have been expressly conferred upon it by the states or gained by the ICRC, over time, due to its concrete activities in the area of international humanitarian law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International humanitarian law is a branch of public international law, having a specific object of regulation (protection of persons and goods during armed conflicts and limitation of means and methods of war) and it is based on fundamental principles of public international law (but has also developed a number of specific principles). It is an interstate, coordinating law, applicable if the subjects of public international law are in an exceptional situation (that of armed conflict) and has as purpose, the good and the protection of the human being. These features have a number of consequences also on the interactions that international humanitarian law has with other branches of public international law, making some of these interactions more complex and more intense than others. In the following we will approach only those branches of public international law with which international humanitarian law presents the most frequent and powerful interactions, namely: international human rights law, international criminal law, international environmental law, international medical law, law international refugee law or international law for the protection of minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This lecture explores the place of justice, accountability and remedies in the global agenda against terror, illustrated by a case study on Iraq and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL.) The two international regimes traditionally applicable to the acts of armed groups, including "terrorist groups", are international criminal law and international humanitarian law. The lecture argues that they carry each strong limitations, such as those related to the "armed conflict" nexus requirement. This lecture shows that a third regime, international counter-terrorism, has developed over the last two decades and become the de facto legal regime for armed non-State actors. This regime has displaced and weakened international humanitarian and criminal law while further eroding victims' protection and accountability. The lecture further suggests that all three legal frameworks fail to capture the nature of control exercised by armed groups such as ISIL, and the extent of their functions, including those amounting to governance. The lecture argues that such functions can best be apprehended through international human rights law (IHRL). Tracing armed groups' human rights obligations and legal personality to treaty and customary law, the lecture concludes with proposals to hold armed groups accountable under IHRL as well as possible approaches to strengthen accountability for crimes committed by ISIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International humanitarian law is a branch of public international law, having a specific object of regulation (protection of persons and goods during armed conflicts and limitation of means and methods of war) and it is based on fundamental principles of public international law (but has also developed a number of specific principles). It is an interstate, coordinating law, applicable if the subjects of public international law are in an exceptional situation (that of armed conflict) and has as purpose, the good and the protection of the human being. These features have a number of consequences also on the interactions that international humanitarian law has with other branches of public international law, making some of these interactions more complex and more intense than others. In the following we will approach only those branches of public international law with which international humanitarian law presents the most frequent and powerful interactions, namely: international human rights law, international criminal law, international environmental law, international medical law, law international refugee law or international law for the protection of minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Yearbook of International Law is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The laws of armed conflict as well as arms control and disarmament law are often treated as two distinct fields of public international law. Nevertheless, the laws of armed conflict impact arms control and disarmament. In particular, the weapons review of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions links the laws of armed conflict with arms control and disarmament law and goes even beyond by including other fields of international law. This contribution intends to explore the weapons review and its impact on arms control and disarmament by investigating the drafting history of Art. 36 of the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions as well as the legal background against which the review is to be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Jurídica Piélagus is the property of Universidad Surcolombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the second half of the 20th century, British pragmatism implemented a new concept in the context of solving armed conflicts, societies that clashed with dictatorships and authoritarian regimes, the ultimate goal being the national reconciliation of these societies. South Africa, Northern Ireland, Argentina, Chili, Morocco, Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo etc., here are just a few examples from the list of countries that have somehow managed to implement transitional justice. The Republic of Moldova should equally be included in the list provided that there is a "frozen" conflict in its territory and the society remains divided. In this sense, we will try to make a general presentation of the correlation between the political volition and the legal solutions offered by the transitional justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In February 2014 the Taliban revealed the capture of a British military working dog in Afghanistan and posted a video of their captive on the internet. Taking this recent incident as a starting point, the contribution aims to evaluate some aspects relating to the issue of a possible incorporation of "animal soldiers" into the scope of application of international humanitarian law. For this purpose, the analysis proceeds in four main steps. In the first part, it is argued that international humanitarian law -- although so far largely neglected in the respective discourses -- is for a variety of reasons a particularly suitable research object from the perspective of a political theory of animal rights. Subsequently, a brief overview will be given of the current status -- or rather non-status -- of animals in the realm of the ius in bello. The third part addresses and discusses some of the chances resulting from as well as in particular also conceptual challenges arising in connection with a potential recognition of animals as international legal subjects having the status of combatants under the law of armed conflict. Finally, I sketch the probabilities of and possible conditions for a successful implementation of this approach in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the ruling of the Great Britain's Court of Appeal for a case Hussein v. Secretary of State for Defence regarding the examination of "challenge direct" interrogation technique to prevent torture and other ill-treatment in Great Britain.

I his article builds off of the existing debate on the ethical and regulatory concerns related to drones and lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) and recommends an alternate approach to governing the technology than that advocated by the large international NGO coalition advocating a weapons ban. At this time, LAWS developers and militaries using drones are not conducting adequate legal review in the development and usage planning processes, as is required by International Humanitarian Law (IHL), or are producing highly contestable conclusions, in absence of transparency and public scrutiny. Therefore, the technology's use and development may be in breach of international law and pose great risks to peace and security. This article recommends that an international convention be created within the United Nations (UN) for the control and selective prohibition of certain drone and LAWS technology development and uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Security & Public Order / Visuomenes Saugumas ir Viesoji Tvarka is the property of Mykolas Romeris University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)