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Compared to Si, IGZO is a competitive choice for FeFET channel material, because of the interlayer-free structure, which can lead to a higher endurance. However, the ferroelectric switching mechanism of erasure remains unclear due to the lack of holes in IGZO. In this work, we present a quasi-static charge sheet model of Metal/Ferroelectric/IGZO stack, considering the charges supplied by IGZO Density of States and interface states. The modeling results suggest that shallow donors, by emitting electrons into the conduction band and thereby partially ionized, can become positively charged and thus support the erase operation. Cryogenic Negative Bias Illumination Stress measurement indicates the presence of shallow donors.

MD simulations can provide uniquely detailed models of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However, these models need careful experimental validation. The coefficient of translational diffusion Dtr, measurable by pulsed field gradient NMR, offers a potentially useful piece of experimental information related to the compactness of the IDP’s conformational ensemble. Here, we investigate, both experimentally and via the MD modeling, the translational diffusion of a 25-residue N-terminal fragment from histone H4 (N-H4). We found that the predicted values of Dtr, as obtained from mean-square displacement of the peptide in the MD simulations, are largely determined by the viscosity of the MD water (which has been reinvestigated as a part of our study). Beyond that, our analysis of the diffusion data indicates that MD simulations of N-H4 in the TIP4P-Ew water give rise to an overly compact conformational ensemble for this peptide. In contrast, TIP4P-D and OPC simulations produce the ensembles that are consistent with the experimental Dtrresult. These observations are supported by the analyses of the 15N spin relaxation rates. We also tested a number of empirical methods to predict Dtrbased on IDP’s coordinates extracted from the MD snapshots. In particular, we show that the popular approach involving the program HYDROPRO can produce misleading results. This happens because HYDROPRO is not intended to predict the diffusion properties of highly flexible biopolymers such as IDPs. Likewise, recent empirical schemes that exploit the relationship between the small-angle x-ray scattering-informed conformational ensembles of IDPs and the respective experimental Dtrvalues also prove to be problematic. In this sense, the first-principle calculations of Dtrfrom the MD simulations, such as demonstrated in this work, should provide a useful benchmark for future efforts in this area.

Antifungal medicines currently used clinically become less efficient regarding microscopic fungi due to new infectious agents emerging among fungi and a wide range of pathogenic factors in micromycetes. In developing new antifungal medicines, a comprehensive approach is needed that would consider the adaptive properties of fungi. This paper aims to study the antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds on yeast and mycelial fungi. In our study, we assessed the changes in the pathogenic factors of fungi, such as germination and hypha-forming intensity and sporulation, while cultivating them as affected by the compounds under study. This manuscript describes the antifungal activity of the bornane series thioterpenoids. Compound 8demonstrated a strong antimycotic activity on all fungi species, including Candida albicans(laboratory and clinical stains), Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani(MIC 12, 24, 94, and 94 μg/ml, respectively). A. nigersporulation index analysis demonstrated the highest spore production rate at day 6 of culturing in non-treated samples (control) and in those treated with compounds 3, 6, and 7, whereas the highest sporulation of A. nigercultured in the presence of compound 8was substantially delayed and observed on day 10 of culturing. The lowest level of fungi reproduction was observed over the entire period of experiments for the cultures treated with terbinafine or compound 8. In addition, compound 8, fluconazole, and terbinafine had an inhibitory effect on the germination tubes of C. albicansat a concentration of ½ MIC.

The present paper aims to study the biological properties of a series of bicyclic monoterpene alcohols. Firstly, we tested the obtained compounds for fungicidal activity against clinical and reference strains of microscopic fungi. Next, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of these compounds comparing to other drugs widely used in practical medicine (fluconazole, terbinafine). At this stage, we found that ( −)-myrtenol (47 MIC and 23.5 μg/ml) exhibits the most promising activity against filamentous and yeast fungi, respectively. Then, we have studied the membrane-protective and antioxidant activities of the obtained compounds and found out that ( −)-cis-verbenol and ( −)-myrtenol exhibit the highest activity on the model of erythrocytes oxidative hemolysis. Interestingly, among all the studied bicyclic monoterpene alcohols, the alcohols of the pinane series have been found to be the most promising. The obtained results from the present study suggest that ( −)-myrtenol would be a leading compound for further studies in terms of possible practical application.

This article deals with toroidal concentrators of solar radiation. The developed design configurations have been described. The base model is a semi-torus obtained by cutting full torus along the symmetry plane, the inner surface of semi-toroidal surface is of specular type. The inner surface of semi-toroidal surface is of specular type. The semi-circles of the concentrator cross-section are the generatrices of the surfaces. The radiation receiver is mounted in the midsection, and the radiation receiver symmetry point coincides with that of the concentrator. Results of experimental and theoretical studies of their characteristics have been discussed. Various models employing the advantages of toroidal concentrators have been considered. Analysis results of the most preferable radiation receivers have been presented. Layout options of integration of photoelectric plants equipped with toroidal concentrators of solar radiation into buildings and landscape design objects have been described. Physical limitations of application of installations based on concentrators of this type have been defined and substantiated. Methods for evaluating coast-related characteristics of toroidal concentrators depending on values of their output parameters and on those of design have been presented.

Catalytic properties of the tungstated alumina (WA) supported catalysts with different nature and content of active metal (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, Ni) were studied in the continuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of sorbitol at a temperature of 653 K, a pressure of 4.0 MPa, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 1.0 h−1. The catalysts were characterized by N2physical adsorption, H2-TPR, CO chemisorption, TEM, and NH3-TPD. It was found that all catalysts provide complete conversion of sorbitol with the formation of C5–C7hydrocarbons as the main products which include n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, and isoalkanes. The yield of С5–С7hydrocarbons after 1 h of the reaction increases from 42 to about 74 mol% in a series of catalysts: 5% Ni/WA < 0.5% Ru/WA < 0.5% Pd/WA < 0.5% Rh/WA < 0.5% Pt/WA. The calculated value of the research octane number (RON) for the С5–С7mixture rises from ca. 62 to 80 in a series of catalysts: 0.5% Pt/WA < 0.5% Pd/WA < 0.5% Rh/WA < 5% Ni/WA < 0.5% Ru/WA. The stable yield and RON values (no less than 57 mol% and 70, respectively) of С5–С7hydrocarbon mixture are achieved during hydrodeoxygenation over the 0.5% Pd/WA catalyst for 8 h.

Abstract: We examine two aspects specific to data fusion of strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) aided by global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), with their inherent spatial separation between the GNSS antenna phase center and the inertial measurement unit, as well as with SINS/GNSS synchronization errors. The first aspect refers to modifying the mathematical models used in INS/GNSS integration. The second one relates to our experience in their application in onboard airborne navigation algorithms developed by the Moscow Institute of Electromechanics and Automatics.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma represents 3% of all adult malignancies. MicroRNAs exhibit specific functions in various biological processes through their interaction with cellular mRNA involved in apoptosis and cell cycle control. Recent studies have reported the potential association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA-binding sites of VHL-HIF1α pathway genes with renal cancer development and progression. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the SNPs invoking an alteration in the nature of interaction with miRNA binding sites of VHL-HIF1α pathway genes. Methods: Total 450 cases of histologically and clinically verified ccRCC and 490 controls were included in our study. Genotyping was performed using a TaqMan PCR allelic discrimination method. Kaplan-Meier method of statistical analysis was implemented to analyze the overall patient survival rate. Results: Polymorphism rs10491534 in TSC1 gene was significantly associated with the risk of developing advanced ccRCC. Allele G of rs1642742 in VHL gene was significantly prevalent in ccRCC compared with the control group aged 55 and older (OR = 1.5566; CI [1.1532-2.1019]). Results from the dominant model combining individuals with AG or AA genotype showed that the A allele bearers of CDCP1 rs6773576 exhibited a higher risk of death compared to GG carriers (HR 3.93, 95% CI 1.76-17.21, log-rank P = 0.0033). Conclusion: The present study delineated the association of miRNA binding site variants in VHL- HIF1α pathway genes with the ccRCC risk, which may affect the clinical outcomes.

The electrofriction properties of composite materials (CM) based on copper and silver have been studied as a function of the hardness and content of reinforcing superelastic hard carbon particles produced from fullerenes upon high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of metal-fullerene mixtures. The indentation hardness HITof the reinforcing particles was increased from 10 GPa to 35 GPa by varying the composition of the starting fullerites (C60or C60/70), by their mechanical activation, and by increasing synthesis pressure (from 5 GPa to 8 GPa). The friction coefficients of the CM upon electrotribological tests are lower by a factor of two than those of pure copper and silver. Reinforcement of copper with 10 wt.% superelastic hard carbon particles with a highly disordered structure leads to a decrease in conductivity, which does not virtually depend on the hardness of the carbon particles and remains high enough for practical use. The friction coefficient of silver based CM reinforced with 5 wt.% carbon particles upon electrotribological tests varies between 0.25 and 0.3, while the friction coefficient of the reference silver sample in the same conditions is 0.50-0.55. The abrasive wear resistance of the silver-based CM samples is higher than that of pure silver sample by a factor of 20. Since the reinforcement of metal with superelastic hard carbon particles can increase its wear resistance by a factor of 15-150 depending on the particle hardness, it is possible to find a compromise between the wear resistance and electrical conductivity to provide their best combination with respect to specific operating conditions.

The aim of this study is to analyse the of expression levels of microRNA-200 family members in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Analysis of microRNA expression was performed on 23 paired DNA samples extracted from kidney tumour tissue and the surrounding normal renal parenchyma. MicroRna-200c was found to have significantly lower expression (in kidney tumour tissue compared to normal renal parenchyma. No other microRna-200 family members showed statistically significant differences in expression levels between tumour and normal kidney tissue. Recent data suggest that the role of microRNA-200c in tumour pathogenesis is rather contradictory, and the underlying mechanisms by which microRNA-200c affects the carcinogenic potential of malignant cells remains unclear and requires further investigation at the molecular level.

In this article, indicators of energy consumption in agriculture for Russian Federation are discussed, starting from the year 1990, and their forecast values for the period up to 2030 with the analysis of the decay in the period from 1991 to 2010 and gradual growth of energy resources consumption started in 2010 and continued to the present day has been analyzed. The outlines of the strategy of rural energy base development and optimization have been considered. Demand, development, and implementation conditions of decentralized energy supply systems have been substantiated, and their features, composition, and application field have been specified. It has been shown that the major energy resource of standalone energy systems is local and renewable energy sources and of agricultural production wastes. Methods and technologies for the conversion of renewable energy sources (RES), biomass, and waste of agricultural production into heat and power have been characterized.

The article presents photovoltaic solar modules that have a different design and purpose. The principles of photoconversion in solar cells, materials used in their manufacture and basic characteristics of solar cells are described. Solar cells of amorphous silicon and two-sided solar cells are considered. Photovoltaic planar and matrix solar modules with extended lifetime are presented. Solar tiles and compact folding photovoltaic solar modules, as well as paraboloid concentrator of solar radiation for solar cogeneration plants are presented. Also considered cascade solar cells and solar modules with the decomposition of the light. The considered photovoltaic solar modules are investigated and manufactured in the All-Russian Research Institute of Electrification of Agriculture and Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Moscow, Russia.

Coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged a very dangerous infectious disease that occurs as an acute respiratory viral infection with complications, including pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome or respiratory failure with a risk of death. As already confirmed, COVID-19 is caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We describe our strategy for the management of cancer patients based on the experience of the medical staff of the Regional Clinical Oncology Center of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We hope this can serve as a guide for oncologists to provide emergency care in the context of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Backbone (15N) NMR relaxation is one of the main sources of information on dynamics of disordered proteins. Yet, we do not know very well what drives 15N relaxation in such systems, i.e., how different forms of motion contribute to the measurable relaxation rates. To address this problem, we have investigated, both experimentally and via molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of a 26-residue peptide imitating the N-terminal portion of the histone protein H4. One part of the peptide was found to be fully flexible, whereas the other part features some transient structure (a hairpin stabilized by hydrogen bonds). The following motional modes proved relevant for 15N relaxation. 1) Sub-picosecond librations attenuate relaxation rates according to S2∼0.85–0.90. 2) Axial peptide-plane fluctuations along a stretch of the peptide chain contribute to relaxation-active dynamics on a fast timescale (from tens to hundreds of picoseconds). 3) φ/ψbackbone jumps contribute to relaxation-active dynamics on both fast (from tens to hundreds of picoseconds) and slow (from hundreds of picoseconds to a nanosecond) timescales. The major contribution is from polyproline II (PPII) ↔ βtransitions in the Ramachandran space; in the case of glycine residues, the major contribution is from PPII ↔ (β) ↔ rPPII transitions, in which rPPII is the mirror-image (right-handed) version of the PPII geometry, whereas βgeometry plays the role of an intermediate state. 4) Reorientational motion of certain (sufficiently long-lived) elements of transient structure, i.e., rotational tumbling, contributes to slow relaxation-active dynamics on ∼1-ns timescale (however, it is difficult to isolate this contribution). In conclusion, recent advances in the area of force-field development have made it possible to obtain viable Molecular Dynamics models of protein disorder. After careful validation against the experimental relaxation data, these models can provide a valuable insight into mechanistic origins of spin relaxation in disordered peptides and proteins.

Two methods for construction and use of integrated inertial and satellite systems are considered, taking into account the specific features of aviation-related applications, namely, alignment correction, and autocalibration. Alignment correction is performed during aircraft maneuvering on the airfield. Autocalibration of strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) is based on using the estimations of instrumental errors of inertial sensors, which had been obtained by the complex information processing (CIP) algorithm in a number of previous flights of the aircraft. The results of numerous flight tests of laser SINS designed by PAO MIEA for civil and military applications are provided as an evidence of high efficiency of the information integration methods proposed herein.

A method has been developed for producing fire-resistant phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing organosiloxane coatings on the surface of cellulose fibres. It has been shown that such a three-layer coating ensures an increase in the oxygen index of the fibres from 20 to 47%.

In 2003 a Cooperation Agreement, envisaging a grant of 360 Meuro in 10 years, was signed between Italy and Russia in the framework of the “so-called” Global Partnership Program. So far, in five years of concrete work, a total of 146 Meuro have been engaged through 33 contracts and 121 Meuro have been already paid.

One of the reasons to distinguish project management as a separate field of knowledge is the uncertainty. The way we manage the uncertainty in the project (and risk management in particular), has direct influence on the project duration and its success. According to multiple studies performed for the traditional project management methods, only 44% of the projects finish in time. 70% of the projects reduce the amount of planned work, 30% of the projects simply die unrealized. Even so nowadays, with new tools and techniques, that numbers tend to decrease, the overall picture says that we, as a project manager, perform our work poorly. This article examines the use of a relatively new method of project management, Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM), comparing it with the traditional approach to project management.

Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is a TOC tool used for planning and project management. It can be used both in one-project and multi-project structures where resources are being used in several projects simultaneously.

We report the final results of the 1997 campaign of
photometric observations of the mutual phenomena of the Galilean
satellites carried out at observatories in Kazakhstan, Russia, and
Ukraine. Our results contribute substantially to the
world data bank of such observations
and will allow the model of the motion of Galilean 
satellites to be further refined. To facilitate the use of
photometric data, we reduced them by computing the planetocentric
rectangular
coordinate differences of satellite pairs for a number of instants
of time so we deduce the differences for one instant from one
observed light curve.
It is these reduced data that constitute the principal result of this work. We based our data reduction on the method which we developed in
earlier papers (Emel'yanov 1999; Emel'yanov 2000). The accuracy of observations was estimated in the process of reduction. The paper also describes the equipment used.

The MD simulation package Amber offers an attractive platform to refine crystallographic structures of proteins: (i) state-of-the-art force fields help to regularize protein coordinates and reconstruct the poorly diffracting elements of the structure, such as flexible loops; (ii) MD simulations restrained by the experimental diffraction data provide an effective strategy to optimize structural models of protein crystals, including explicitly modeled interstitial solvent as well as crystal contacts. Here, we present the new crystallography module xray, released as a part of the Amber 2023 package. This module contains functions to calculate and scale structure factors (including the contributions from bulk solvent), evaluate the maximum-likelihood-type crystallographic potential, and compute its derivative forces. The X-ray functionality of Amber no longer relies on external dependencies so that the full advantage of GPU acceleration can be taken. This makes it possible to refine in a short time hundreds of crystal models, including supercell models comprised of multiple unit cells. The new automated Amber-based refinement procedure leads to an appreciable improvement in Rfree(in some cases, by as much as 0.067) as well as MolProbity scores.

Measurements of output signals of SINS laser gyros are used to analyze the behavior of their spectral characteristics and to estimate the performance of methods to determine the components of laser gyro random drift.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable, chronic, fatal neuro-degenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of moto-neurons and paralysis of skeletal muscles. Reactivating dysfunctional areas is under earnest investigation utilizing various approaches. Here we present an innovative gene-cell construct aimed at reviving inert structure and function. Human umbilical cord blood cells (hUCBCs) transduced with adeno-viral vectors encoding human VEGF, GDNF and/or NCAM genes were transplanted into transgenic ALS mice models. Significant improvement in behavioral performance (open-field and grip-strength tests), as well as increased life-span was observed in rodents treated with NCAM-VEGF or NCAM-GDNF co-transfected cells. Active trans-gene expression was found in the spinal cord of ALS mice 10 weeks after delivering genetically modified hUCBCs, and cells were detectable even 5 months following transplantation. Our gene-cell therapy model yielded prominent symptomatic control and prolonged life-time in ALS. Incredible survivability of xeno-transpanted cells was also observed without any immune-suppression. These results suggest that engineered hUCBCs may offer effective gene-cell therapy in ALS.

There are predicted 1) the existence of the far IR optical activity of the heteronuclear excimer molecules (EM'S) ; 2) the formation of an inverse population of certain vibrational - rotational levels of EM's ; and 3) the amplification of the IR radiation corresponding to transitions between those levels.

In report current theoretical and experimental studies on development of a new molecular electronic transition gas flow lasers on the base of S+S, Cl+Cl, Br+Br radiative recombination reactions are revued.

The new polychromatic superbroadband tunable dye laser is investigated. Main spectral features of such laser are presented. The possible application field is described.

A theoretical analysis is made of the kinetics of inverted population of SO2levels in a mixture containing vibrationally excited oxygen O2(X, v), formed as a result of relaxation of the [MATH] electronic energy. It is shown that the gain for the SO2transitions at the 12 and 16 µm wavelengths is sufficient to achieve lasing.

Requirements to gyroscopes of strapdown inertial navigation systems for aircraft application are formulated. The construction of a ring helium - neon laser designed for autonomous navigation is described. The processes that determine the laser service life and the relation between the random error of the angular velocity measurement and the surface relief features of the cavity mirrors are analysed. The results of modelling one of the promising approaches to processing the laser gyroscope signals are presented.

We have detected and analysed narrow high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances, which are induced in absorption of a weak monochromatic probe light beam by counterpropagating two-frequency pump radiation in a cell with rarefied caesium vapour. The experimental investigations have been performed by the example of nonclosed three level L-systems formed by spectral components of the D2 line of caesium atoms. The applied method allows one to analyse features of the CPT phenomenon directly at a given low long-lived level of the selected L-system even in sufficiently complicated spectra of atomic gases with large Doppler broadening. We have established that CPT resonances in transmission of the probe beam exhibit not only a higher contrast but also a much lesser width in comparison with well- known CPT resonances in transmission of the corresponding two-frequency pump radiation. The results obtained can be used in selective photophysics, photochemistry and ultra-high resolution atomic (molecular) spectroscopy.

The paper considers the design of strapdown inertial navigation systems of two accuracy classes, their software and specifications, and presents the results from flight tests.

TOC's basic vocabulary emphasizes its philosophy and its three performance measures. Throughput equals sales revenue minus direct materials cost--it measures the speed at which the company makes money. Inventory is the raw materials value tied up in work in process and finished goods. Large amounts of inventory are undesirable because it means that the company has spent money for production that hasn’t generated revenue yet. Operating expenses are all of the costs of operations other than direct materials costs. Under the Theory of Constraints, operating expenses are fixed and therefore irrelevant to any TOC decision. Of the three terms, throughput is the most important. It tells the company that it is achieving its goal of making money. Moreover, increases in throughput mean that the rate at which the company is making money is increasing.

Religious tourism has such an important socio-cultural characteristic, as a social practice, changing man and positioning him in a social space. Hence religious tourism owns a kind of socio-cultural potential of influencing the motivational state of a person, which has the need of cultural and religious objects required for the spiritually ideological existence. Specificity of value consciousness of the modern person, as well as the characteristics of social, cultural and economic status of various social groups define a variety of tourist motives, which have significant influence on the choice of tourist activity of specific identity. At the present stage all kinds of tourism, including religious kinds develop in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The President of the country has allocated tourism among the seven priority clusters, development of the domestic economy, so the tourism has received a new impulse to improvement. Anyway the religious-tourist potential of our country is used not fully today. The process of creation of conditions for qualitative and competitive religious tourism on the territory of Kazakhstan for our compatriots and foreign citizens requires more balanced long-term state policy on all tourist market. Thus, high revenue from tourism can become a major budgetary factor and make it more profitable branch of economic activity, than even the traditional exports of oil or gas. Considering the above, it can be argued that in the conditions of expansion of innovative trends in the domestic economy of tourism in the near future it will be able to enter the international market with its unique religious tourist products.