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Background: The early detection of high-grade prostate cancer (HGPCa) is of great importance. However, the current detection strategies result in a high rate of negative biopsies and high medical costs. In this study, the authors aimed to establish an Asian Prostate Cancer Artificial intelligence (APCA) score with no extra cost other than routine health check-ups to predict the risk of HGPCa. Patients and methods: A total of 7476 patients with routine health check-up data who underwent prostate biopsies from January 2008 to December 2021 in eight referral centres in Asia were screened. After data pre-processing and cleaning, 5037 patients and 117 features were analyzed. Seven AI-based algorithms were tested for feature selection and seven AI-based algorithms were tested for classification, with the best combination applied for model construction. The APAC score was established in the CH cohort and validated in a multi-centre cohort and in each validation cohort to evaluate its generalizability in different Asian regions. The performance of the models was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration plot, and decision curve analyses. Results: Eighteen features were involved in the APCA score predicting HGPCa, with some of these markers not previously used in prostate cancer diagnosis. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% CI:0.74-0.78) in the multi-centre validation cohort and the increment of AUC (APCA vs. PSA) was 0.16 (95% CI:0.13-0.20). The calibration plots yielded a high degree of coherence and the decision curve analysis yielded a higher net clinical benefit. Applying the APCA score could reduce unnecessary biopsies by 20.2% and 38.4%, at the risk of missing 5.0% and 10.0% of HGPCa cases in the multi-centre validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions: The APCA score based on routine health check-ups could reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies without additional examinations in Asian populations. Further prospective population-based studies are warranted to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12-year nationwide survey (2008-2019) was performed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection among preschool children in Seoul, 4 large cites (Busan, Incheon, Daegu, and Ulsan), and 9 provinces (grouped into 5 localities) in the Republic of Korea (=Korea). The survey was carried out once a year by 16 regional offices of the Korea Association of Health Promotion. The cello-tape perianal swab method (1 smear per child) was applied to detect eggs of E. vermicularis and other helminths. According to the results, the egg positive rate of E. vermicularis infection in 2008-2009 was 1.8-2.0%, but it decreased gradually to 0.6% in 2019 (P<0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (0.7-5.0%, mean 1.8%) than in girls (0.5-2.8%, mean 1.3%) (P<0.05). The 2 most southern localities, Jejudo (Province) and Jeolla-do (inclusive of Jeollabuk-do and Jeollanam-do) and a mid-western province, Gyeonggi-do, revealed higher prevalences, whereas Seoul and Gangwon-do showed lower prevalences. The results indicate that a lowgrade prevalence of E. vermicularis infection (less than 4%) has been maintained for the recent 12 years among preschool children in Korea. Continuous monitoring of enterobiasis in the child age group is necessary in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer grading offers a scalable and sustainable way of providing assessment and feedback to a massive student population. However, currently there is little empirical evidence to support the credentials of peer grading as a learning assessment method in the MOOC context. To address this research need, this study examined 1,825 peer grading assignments collected from a Coursera MOOC with the purpose of investigating the reliability and validity of peer grading, as well as its perceived effects on students' MOOC learning experience. The empirical findings provide evidence that the aggregate of student graders can provide peer grading scores fairly consistent and highly similar to instructor grading scores. Student survey responses also indicate peer grading activities to be well received by a majority of MOOC students, who believe it was fair, useful, beneficial, and would recommend it to be included in future MOOC offerings. Based on the empirical results, this study concludes with a set of principles for designing and implementing peer grading activities in the MOOC context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary renal echinococcosis, a rare disease involving the kidney, accounts for 2-3% of human echinococcosis. A 64-year-old female patient from Uzbekistan presented with complaints of left flank pain. A CT scan revealed a cystic mass in the upper to midpole of the left kidney. We regarded this lesion as a renal malignancy and hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed to remove the renal mass. The mass consisted of a large unilocular cyst and multiple smaller cysts without any grossly visible renal tissue. The final pathologic diagnosis was a renal hydatid cyst. For patients from endemic areas, hydatid cyst should be included in the differential diagnosis. Here, we present a case of renal hydatid cyst in a female patient who relocated from Uzbekistan to Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The embryologic origin of the omohyoid muscle is different from that of the other neck muscles. A number of variations such as the absence of muscle, variable sites of origin and insertion, and multiple bellies have been reported. However, variations in the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle are rare. There have been no reports of the combined occurrence of the omohyoid muscle variation with the appearance of the levator glandulase thyroideae muscle. Routine dissection of a 51-year-old female cadaver revealed a duplicated omohyoid muscle and the appearance of the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle. In this case, the two inferior bellies of the omohyoid muscle were found to originate inferiorly from the superior border of the scapula. One of the inferior bellies generally continued to the superior belly with the tendinous intersection. The other inferior belly continued into the sternohyoid muscle without the tendinous intersection. In this case, the levator glandulae thyroideae muscle appeared on the left side, which attached from the upper border of the thyroid gland to the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage. These variations are significant for clinicians during endoscopic diagnosis and surgery because of the arterial and nervous damage due to iatrogenic injuries. The embryologic origins of the omohyoid and levator glandulae thyroideae muscles may be similar based on the descriptions in the relevant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecological malignancy and responsible for 10-15% of cancer-related death in women. Conventional treatment options (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation and surgical resection) are known to be ineffective to most of the patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer and it is necessary to find optimal treatment agents. Paclitaxel is a front-line chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer (used alone or in combination with other therapeutic agent) with the response rate of 29- 63% but chemo-resistance may occur, leading to dismal prognosis. PI3K pathway is considered to play an important role in tumorigenesis and its inhibition may lead to immune-modulatory effect. Therefore, we attempted to investigate whether Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway-inhibitor would be effective in paclitaxelresistance cervical cancer Materials and methods Naive and palitaxel-resistant ME180 human cervical tumor cells were used and a PI3K inhibitor (Alpelisib; BYL719) was treated. Proteom profiler antibody arrays (Proteom Profiler Human XL Oncology Array, R&D SYSTEMS, USA) and western blot analysis were performed. Results HIF-1a, PDGF-AA, VEGF, MMP2 and VE-cadherin were overexpressed in paclitaxelresistant ME180 cervical cancer cell line when compared to the naive one. However, after treating the PI3K inhibitor (Alpelisib; BYL719) the overexpressed proteins recovered. Conclusion Paclitaxel-resistance is known to be related to hypoxia but not many study was investigated to overcome the resistance. We suggest that PI3K inhibitor may enhance antitumor activity in cervical cancer through cascade of signalign events including HIF-1a and VEGF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]