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Hydrate-based CO2storage in the ocean is considered a potential method for mitigating the greenhouse effect. Numerous studies demonstrated that NaCl exhibited the dual effects of promotion and inhibition in the nucleation and growth processes of CO2hydrate, whose mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of NaCl at various concentrations on the CO2hydrate growth and crystal are investigated. The independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition, electrostatic potential, and binding energy is conducted to study the interaction between ions and water molecules. The motion trajectories of ions are observed at the molecular level to reflect the impact of ion motion on hydrate growth. The results show that the influence of NaCl on hydrate growth depends on a delicate balance of dual promotion–inhibition effects. NaCl can combine more water molecules and provide a transport channel of CO2to promote hydrate growth at low concentrations. Meanwhile, the promoting effects shift toward inhibition with increasing NaCl concentrations. In a word, this paper proposes a novel mechanism for the dual promotion–inhibition effects of NaCl on hydrate growth, which is significant for further research on hydrate-based CO2storage in the ocean.

This study is devoted to the development of a neural network‐free radial field flexible scale ultra‐high resolution parallax map generation method to improve the generation of ultra‐high resolution parallax maps for naked eye 3D display. In naked eye 3D display, the acquisition of parallax maps is crucial, the traditional method is to shoot the object by camera array, which requires high hardware conditions, in recent years, with the advancement of technology, the generation of parallax maps by Nerf has appeared, but this method generates lower quality images and requires a longer time to train the model, with a single GPU training taking more than one hour. In this paper, we propose a method to generate parallax maps based on neural network‐free radial field and arbitrary scale super‐resolution, firstly, we generate sparse voxel mesh by neural network‐free radial field (Plenoxels), and the optimization time on a single Titan RTX GPU is more than ten minutes, and then we get parallax maps by setting up a virtual camera, however, the parallax maps obtained are low‐resolution and can't match with the size of the naked‐eye 3D displays, therefore, we introduce an arbitrary scale super‐resolution network for the parallax maps, and we get high‐resolution parallax maps and can match the size of the naked‐eye 3D displays.

Although APEX2-mediated proximity labeling has been extensively implemented for studying RNA subcellular localization in live cells, the biotin-phenoxyl radical used for labeling RNAs has a relatively low efficiency, which can limit its compatibility with other profiling methods. Herein, a set of phenol derivatives were designed as APEX2 probes through balancing reactivity, hydrophilicity, and lipophilicity. Among these derivatives, Ph_N3exhibited reliable labeling ability and enabled two biotinylation routes for downstream analysis. As a proof of concept, we used APEX2/Ph_N3labeling with high-throughput sequencing analysis to examine the transcriptomes in the mitochondrial matrix, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. To further expand the utility of Ph_N3, we employed mechanistically orthogonal APEX2 and singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated strategies for dual location labeling in live cells. Specifically, DRAQ5, a DNA-intercalating photosensitizer, was applied for nucleus-restricted 1O2labeling. We validated the orthogonality of APEX2/Ph_N3and DRAQ5-1O2at the imaging level, providing an attractive and feasible approach for future studies of RNA translocation in live cells.

Surfactant-free microemulsions (SFMEs) have been explored extensively to avoid the residual surfactant problem caused by traditional surfactant microemulsions. Many researchers focused on the SFMEs with tertiary amine, which exhibited the typical CO2response behavior. In this study, the phase diagram of the SFMEs consisting of tripropylamine (TPA), ethanol, and water was readily prepared via the measurements of electrical conductivity. The CO2response behavior of SFME was confirmed by determination of conductivity and measurement of the average diameter of SFME, which was mainly dependent on the protonation of TPA induced by the additional CO2. The transition of protonated TPA to a more hydrophilic nature from lipophilicity to hydrophilicity should be responsible for the variation of SFME average diameter. In addition, the SFMEs exhibited remarkable solubilizing capacity of crude oil, and three types of SFMEs achieved more than 80% oil removal rate in the washing process of oil sands. It was noted that both oil-in-water and bicontinuous SFMEs could be circularly utilized at least three times with a relatively high oil removal rate (%). Our work provided the insight perspective on the mechanism of SFMEs with a CO2response behavior.

This brief proposes a high-area-efficiency reconfigurable (RC) Polar decoder chip architecture. For the code length of 2048 bits, it can be reconfigured to decode SCL with the list size of 2 or 4 and SCF in chip. In addition to our proposed hardware architecture, we also develop three useful design techniques for different design purposes, including Four-Stage Reconfigurable Sorter (FRS), Non-Uniformly Segmented CRC Scheme (NSCS), and LLR Register Bit Reduction (LRBR). Regarding the ASIC implementation with TSMC 40-nm low-Vt CMOS technology, our design work only occupies a total core area of $1.146~{\mathrm{ mm}}^{2}$ in chip layout, maximally operating at 522 MHz. The throughput for SCL ( $\text{L}=$ 2), SCL ( $\text{L}=$ 4), and SCF decoding is 331, 244, and 269 Mbps (worst case), respectively. As compared to other works in the current literature, our developed chip has the best area-efficiency property while supporting the usage choices of SCL (two list sizes) and SCF decoding in chip.

In order to investigate the effect of terminal donors on the structures and photophysical properties, four donor (D1)-acceptor (A)-π bridge-donor (D2) prototype fluorophores were synthesized and characterized. Single crystal analysis indicated that changing the types of terminal donors (D2) would give rise to different frontier molecular orbitals and molecular packing modes, leading to their different emission behaviors in solid states. In dilute solution, the four D–A–π-D compounds displayed different absorption and emission behaviors in dilute solution with solvatochromism properties. Assisted by the quantum chemical calculations and wave function analysis, the essence of optical properties of four compounds were explored. The results indicated that changing the types of terminal donors (D2) can affect the structures and photophysical properties of such donor (D1)-acceptor (A)-π bridge-donor (D2) prototype fluorophores, which provided guidance to design new fluorophores.

Multidrug-resistant Edwardsiella tardathreatens both sustainable aquaculture and human health, but the control measure is still lacking. In this study, we adopted functional proteomics to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying norfloxacin (NOR) resistance in E. tarda. We found that E. tardahad a global proteomic shift upon acquisition of NOR resistance, featured with increased expression of siderophore biosynthesis and Fe3+-hydroxamate transport. Thus, either inhibition of siderophore biosynthesis with salicyl-AMS or treatment with another antibiotic, kitasamycin (Kit), which was uptake through Fe3+-hydroxamate transport, enhanced NOR killing of NOR-resistant E. tardaboth in vivoand in vitro. Moreover, the combination of NOR, salicyl-AMS, and Kit had the highest efficacy in promoting the killing effects of NOR than any drug alone. Such synergistic effect not only confirmed in vitroand in vivobacterial killing assays but also applicable to other clinic E. tardaisolates. Thus, our data suggest a proteomic-based approach to identify potential targets to enhance antibiotic killing and propose an alternative way to control infection of multidrug-resistant E. tarda.

Drawing inspiration from adaptively responsive capability of biological auditory, we have developed a self-powered bionic auditory device that mimics the behavior of intelligent biological information recognition. The device comprises a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a synaptic transistor, and an effector. The TENG has a wide range of sound pressure and frequency recognition capabilities, allowing it to convert dynamic sound pressure into the gate voltage of the synaptic transistor. The effector is triggered when the excitatory post-synaptic current reaches a threshold. The unique bionic synaptic device enables it to respond adaptively to sound signals in real-time. This innovative design enables the bionic auditory device to detect and process sound information in an adaptive and responsive manner.

Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered effective additives to inhibit shale hydration swelling in recent years. The imidazolium-based bola-form ionic liquids (IBFILs) with two positively charged groups and optimal alkyl chain lengths can greatly enhance their electrostatic interaction with clay to improve their inhibition ability. The present study further extends our previous research on IBFILs to investigate the effects of different modified functional groups on the inhibition properties of three novel IBFILs including [C6(BIM)2]Br2, [C6(NBIM)2]Br2, and [C6(ABIM)2]Br2. Then, their inhibition performances are evaluated via immersion tests, linear swelling tests, and hot-rolling recovery tests. The inhibition properties of three novel IBFILs are evidently improved in different degrees, especially for the [C6(ABIM)2]Br2with amine groups. Then, the inhibition mechanisms are analyzed via contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size distribution measurement, ζ-potential, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) distribution. The results reveal that the hydrogen bonding and protonation of amine groups should be responsible for the outstanding inhibition property of [C6(ABIM)2]Br2, whereas the nitro groups indirectly hinder the coverage of the benzene rings at the clay surface to partially affect the inhibition capacity of [C6(NBIM)2]Br2. Finally, the proposed mechanisms are further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulations. Our work may provide novel insight into the development and design of efficient IL inhibitors with modified functional groups.

This work introduces a new method to estimate Doppler frequency which carries important characteristics feature of time-variant multipath fading channels. The proposed method employs the time diversity (TD) of general random processes with rich correlation characteristics introduced by various time intervals, where a maximum-likelihood (ML) algorithm is utilized. A closed-form weighted least-square equation is derived with the help of basis expansion approximation. In addition, the Cram $\acute{\text{e}}$ r-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of the estimation is analyzed. The results show that the proposed method performs well in terms of Doppler frequency estimation accuracy.

Flexible electronic devices to obtain accurate and efficient information interactions between humans and machines have gained increasing attention in recent years. A series of soft materials for flexible electronics have been developed to improve device performance in terms of electrical and mechanical properties. Among them, conductive polymer‐based hydrogels (CPHs), which combine the tunable electronic properties of conductive polymers and the soft mechanical properties of hydrogels, are promising candidates for next‐generation wearable electronic devices. This review summarized the material design and preparation of CPHs, and presented the properties of CPHs, including tunable conductivity, outstanding mechanical performance, biocompatibility, self‐healing capability, resistance to freezing, and solution processability. In particular, their emerging applications in flexible electronics devices including flexible supercapacitors, flexible sensors, and biomedical electronics are highlighted. Furthermore, perspectives on existing challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.

The stability of the foam directly impacts the final efficiency of the foam flooding in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In the present work, a series of Janus SiO2-nnanoparticles (JSnNPs) with various modification degrees were successfully prepared and employed to improve the stability of the nonionic surfactant polyethylene glycolmonoisodecylether (PMIE)-stabilized foam. The PMIE–JS3 system with a much low JS3 NP concentration (0.1 wt %) displayed extraordinary foamability and stabilizing foam ability via the foam volume, half-life, relative volume decay, and optical microscope photograph measurements. Then, the dynamic surface tension and dilatational viscoelasticity tests were conducted to explore the mechanism. It was found that the PMIE–JS3 system with great interfacial activity and intensive interfacial film highly facilitated the generation of the foam and improved the foam stability. Moreover, the PMIE–JS3-stabilized foam exhibited outstanding stability, even under the influence of crude oil. The sandpack flooding tests indicated that the PMIE–JS3-stabilized foam could effectively plug the high-permeability channels to modify the water injection profile and consequently greatly enhanced tertiary oil recovery (∼15.3% of the initial oil in place).

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. However, systematic characterizations of metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) are still lacking. Our study profiled the polar metabolome and lipidome in 330 TNBC samples and 149 paired normal breast tissues to construct a large metabolomic atlas of TNBC. Combining with previously established transcriptomic and genomic data of the same cohort, we conducted a comprehensive analysis linking TNBC metabolome to genomics. Our study classified TNBCs into three distinct metabolomic subgroups: C1, characterized by the enrichment of ceramides and fatty acids; C2, featured with the upregulation of metabolites related to oxidation reaction and glycosyl transfer; and C3, having the lowest level of metabolic dysregulation. Based on this newly developed metabolomic dataset, we refined previous TNBC transcriptomic subtypes and identified some crucial subtype-specific metabolites as potential therapeutic targets. The transcriptomic luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype overlapped with metabolomic C1 subtype. Experiments on patient-derived organoid and xenograft models indicate that targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an intermediate of the ceramide pathway, is a promising therapy for LAR tumors. Moreover, the transcriptomic basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtype contained two prognostic metabolomic subgroups (C2 and C3), which could be distinguished through machine-learning methods. We show that N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate is a crucial tumor-promoting metabolite and potential therapeutic target for high-risk BLIS tumors. Together, our study reveals the clinical significance of TNBC metabolomics, which can not only optimize the transcriptomic subtyping system, but also suggest novel therapeutic targets. This metabolomic dataset can serve as a useful public resource to promote precision treatment of TNBC.

Purpose: This paper aims to offer a framework explaining how product experience (i.e. think vs feel) and product involvement (high vs low) influence the helpfulness of online reviews. It also reexamined how online consumer review dimensions help to build online review helpfulness under different contexts. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected using content analysis on 1,200 online customer reviews on 12 products from four categories to measure the relationships between online review dimensions and the helpfulness of reviews. The regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the hypotheses. Findings: The findings indicate that the effectiveness of length of a review is moderated by product type; for think products, longer reviews yield higher helpfulness. Furthermore, the level of consistency between individual review ratings and overall product ratings is associated with review helpfulness. The length of product descriptions and product ratings is moderated by the level of involvement. For products with high involvement, longer descriptions yield higher helpfulness. Originality/value: A conceptual connection to customer interaction is proposed by online customer reviews that vary by product type. The findings provide implications for online retailers to better manage online customer reviews and increase the value of product ratings.

If the data contain both multicollinearity and outliers, the ridge M-estimator is the preferred estimator to the usual least square estimator (Silvapulle, Aust J Stat 33:319–333, 1991). Many other estimators, such as the pretest ridge M-estimator and Stein-rule shrinkage ridge M-estimator, have been developed on the basis of the ridge M-estimator. However, all these existing estimators do not consider shrinkage estimation for the intercept term. Hence, there are some rooms for improving the existing estimators by improving the estimator for the intercept term. In this paper, we propose several new ridge M-estimators for regression coefficients and an intercept term by introducing pretest and Stein-rule shrinkage schemes. Our estimators are obtained by using the Jimichi-type ridge matrix that allows shrinkage operations to be applicable to both the intercept term and regression coefficients. We conduct Monte Carlo simulation studies to examine the performance of the proposed estimators. For demonstration, we analyze the corporate finance data from the Nikkei Economic Electronic Databank System in Japan, and the gene expression data from Japanese ovarian cancer patients.

We designed β-difluoroalkylamine to capture RNAs and proteins with high tempospatial resolution via proximity labeling mediated by photoinduced singlet oxygen. The appended azide group allows for RNA biotinylation and downstream analysis through both SPAAC and CuAAC. In particular, the β-difluoroalkylazide motif enjoys an enhanced CuAAC reaction rate, thus preserving good RNA integrity.

This study aimed to assess and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture and related therapies (ARTs) add-on to conventional treatment (CT) for heart failure (HF) through pairwise and network meta-analyses.

Two zwitterionic surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs), 3-(1-hexadecyl-3-imidazolio) propanesulfonate (C16IPS) and 3-(1-hexadecyl-3-imidazolio) propanesulfonate β-naphthalenesulfonate (C16IPS-Nsa), were evaluated for their potential application in chemical enhanced oil recovery. It was found that the zwitterionic SAILs had a higher interfacial activity than the traditional SAILs. Interestingly, the C16IPS-Nsa molecule with the large hydrophobic group β-naphthalenesulfonate had a greater ability for reducing the interfacial tension (IFT) of water/crude oil. Moreover, the systematic investigations of the dynamic IFT and the salt and temperature effects further confirmed the proposed mechanism of two zwitterionic SAIL effects on the IFT. The C16IPS-Nsa system exhibited a satisfactory displacement performance (15.3% of initial oil in place), which may be attributed to the transient minimum value (∼1 × 10–3mN/m) in its dynamic IFT curve.

A novel polymeric ionic liquid (PDBA-IL-NH2) using imidazolium ionic liquids with short alkyl chains as monomers and two control ionic liquids (PDBA-IL-OH and PIL-NH2) were synthesized. Their inhibition properties and mechanisms were explored via surface analysis, weight loss tests, electrochemical studies, and adsorption isotherm analysis. The corrosion inhibition efficiency (CIE) of PDBA-IL-NH2gradually increased with increasing concentration, and the largest efficiency was 94.67% at 100 ppm. At the same concentration (50 ppm), the corrosion inhibition abilities of inhibitors were in the order of PDBA-IL-NH2> PDBA-IL-OH > PIL-NH2> IL-NH2. Based on the experimental investigation, the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, protonation, and electron donor–acceptor interaction facilitated the intensive entanglement and coverage of PDBA-IL-NH2with the reticulated form on the metal, and the generated densest films protected the metal from the corrosive media. Ultimately, the theoretical results of molecular dynamics simulations and quantum chemical study were in high agreement with the experimental data, which confirmed the proposed inhibition mechanisms on the microscopic scale. This study contributed valuable perspectives to the design of efficient and ecofriendly corrosion inhibitors.

Wearable energy harvesters (WEHs) have garnered significant attention recently due to their promising capabilities in powering wearable devices. In this research, we present a core–shell yarn-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (CY-TENG) that operates in two modes: the single-electrode TENG (SE-TENG) and the droplet-based electricity generator. This design facilitates energy harvesting from both waterdrops and biomechanics. The CY-TENG is fabricated using fluorinated ethylene propylene ultrafine heat-shrink tubes combined with stainless-steel yarns, ensuring its flexibility, durability, and weavability. Such attributes underscore its potential as a dual-function WEH.

In printing, microreactors, and bioassays, the precise control of micrometer-scale droplet generation is essential but challenging, often restricted by the equipment and nozzles used in traditional methods. We introduce a needle-plate electrode corona discharge technique that injects charges into an oil layer, enabling the precise manipulation of droplet polarization and splitting. This method allows for meticulous adjustment of microdroplet formation regarding location, size, and quantity by modulating the discharge voltage, discharge time, and electrode positioning. It enables the immediate initiation and cessation of droplet production, thereby facilitating on-demand droplet generation. Our study on the voltage-dependent droplet stretch coefficient shows that as the voltage increases, the droplets transition from controlled splitting to regular Taylor cone-like ejections, eventually reaching the Rayleigh limit and fully breaking apart. These advancements significantly improve microfluidic droplet manipulation, offering considerable benefits for applications in targeted drug delivery, rapid disease diagnostics, and precise environmental monitoring.

Great aqueous dispersibility, a large specific surface area, and high impermeability make graphene oxide (GO) the ideal candidate for a high-performance corrosion inhibitor. Numerous symmetrical modification methods have been reported to enhance the adsorption of GO on metal surfaces in various corrosive media. This work aims to investigate the enhancement and mechanism of unilateral hydrophobic modification on the corrosion inhibition performance of GO. In this study, amphiphilic Janus GO (JGO) was prepared by grafting hydrophobic alkyl chains on one side of GO, and its anticorrosion performance was evaluated via weight loss experiments and electrochemical tests. The results revealed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency for Q235 mild steel (MS) in a 1 M HCl aqueous solution of 25 ppm JGO (81.08%) was much higher than that of GO at the same concentration (22.12%). Furthermore, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and computational study demonstrated that the synergistic effect of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption promoted the hydrophilic side of JGO close to the surface of the metal, and the dense protective layer was formed by the hydrophobic chains toward the corrosive medium, which effectively hindered the corrosion of MS by the acidic liquid. This study emphasizes the significant role of asymmetrically modified hydrophobic alkyl chains in improving the corrosion prevention performance of GO and provides a perspective for the structural design of GO-based corrosion inhibitors.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with poor prognosis. TNBCs with high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores benefit from DNA-damaging agents, including platinum drugs and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, whereas those with low HRD scores still lack therapeutic options. Therefore, we sought to exploit metabolic alterations to induce HRD and sensitize DNA-damaging agents in TNBCs with low HRD scores. We systematically analyzed TNBC metabolomics and identified a metabolite, guanosine diphosphate (GDP)–mannose (GDP-M), that impeded homologous recombination repair (HRR). Mechanistically, the low expression of the upstream enzyme GDP-mannose-pyrophosphorylase-A (GMPPA) led to the endogenous up-regulation of GDP-M in TNBC. The accumulation of GDP-M in tumor cells further reduced the interaction between breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 21 (USP21), which promoted the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of BRCA2 to inhibit HRR. Therapeutically, we illustrated that the supplementation of GDP-M sensitized DNA-damaging agents to impair tumor growth in both in vitro (cancer cell line and patient-derived organoid) and in vivo (xenograft in immunodeficient mouse) models. Moreover, the combination of GDP-M with DNA-damaging agents activated STING-dependent antitumor immunity in immunocompetent syngeneic mouse models. Therefore, GDP-M supplementation combined with PARP inhibition augmented the efficacy of anti–PD-1 antibodies. Together, these findings suggest that GDP-M is a crucial HRD-related metabolite and propose a promising therapeutic strategy for TNBCs with low HRD scores using the combination of GDP-M, PARP inhibitors, and anti–PD-1 immunotherapy.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are conducted to systematically benchmark the effects of molecular weight, chain number, and cooling rate on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Hyperbolic regression as an objective identified method is used to extract Tg and CTE. The results show that for a cooling rate higher than 5?×?1013?K/min, Tg and CTE are both strongly affected by rapid quenching. For a cooling rate lower than 5?×?1013?K/min, Tg and CTE in the high-temperature domain still slightly depend on the cooling rate. Eventually, to eliminate the finite size effect of the model, a threshold molecular weight of 11,240?g/mol should be satisfied in the system. In addition, the chain number must be more than 10, at least for an oligomer system (50 monomers).

It is greatly desired to develop a high-efficiency demulsifier for the treatment of O/W emulsions in the production fluids of the petroleum industry. In this study, the amphiphilic Janus-SiO2nanoparticles (Janus-C18) was synthesized and used as a demulsifier for surfactant-stabilized O/W emulsions. The successful preparation of Janus-C18 was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and contact angle measurements. Then, Janus-C18’s demulsification efficiency was systematically evaluated by the bottle test. Various silica nanoparticles and emulsifier were employed in the control experiments. Based on the Janus-C18’s demulsification performance in different conditions and the ζ-potential measurement, the possible demulsification mechanism of Janus-C18 was proposed. Furthermore, Janus-C18 exhibited excellent performance in separating oil from crude oil/water emulsions at a relatively low concentration (150 mg/L), with the oil removal rate exceeding 99%.

The alkyl chain lengths of ionic liquid shale inhibitors are critical to their inhibitive properties. To design high-performance shale inhibitors with bola-form molecular structures, a series of imidazolium-based bola-form ionic liquids (IBFILs) with different spacer lengths (s), denoted as MsM (s= 2, 4, 6, 8, 10), were synthesized, and their inhibitive properties were evaluated through linear swelling tests and hot-rolling recovery tests. The results indicated that the optimized IBFILs with a proper spacer length that had six carbon atoms performed best in linear swelling rate tests and hot-rolling recovery tests. Based on the investigation of interaction modes between MsM and clay materials via contact angle measurement, ζ-potential measurement, X-ray diffraction, and molecular electrostatic potentials calculation, the possible explanation for the effects of spacer lengths on the inhibitive performance of MsM was proposed. The IBFILs with medium spacer lengths decreased the montmorillonite (Mt) ζ-potential close to zero, and the intercalated MsM in the clay interlayer acted as a binding bridge to reduce the Mt interlayer distance. This work demonstrates that the optimization of spacer lengths is crucial to the inhibitive property of IBFILs, which could be inspiring to the designing of other novel shale inhibitors.