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In recent decades, process tomography (PT) has received widespread attentions in industrial multiphase flow monitoring. Traditional single-modality tomography is usually sensitive to a specific physical parameter and is widely used in two-phase flow monitoring. However, when the fluids are more than two phases, such as oil/gas/water three-phase flow, the complexity of existence forms of three fluids brings a challenge to single-modality tomography. Multimodality tomography can obtain more information, possessing the unique advantages in three-phase flow monitoring. In this article, a combinable multimodality tomography system based on industrial compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) bus is designed. The system includes electrical resistance tomography (ERT), electrical capacitance tomography (ECT), and ultrasonic transmission tomography (UTT), supporting independent work or free combination of different modalities for different measurement requirements. The data acquisition and transmission are controlled by the field programmable gate array (FPGA), which can synchronize the asynchronous clock signals of different boards through flexible programming. Interboard communication based on CPCI bus supports the coordination and synchronization of multimodal boards, and also facilitates the expansion of system functions in the future. Static experimental results show that the designed multimodal system can coordinate multimodal data acquisition timing, and exhibit better performance in acquisition speed, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and image reconstruction.

Methylation affects different aspects of genetic material stability, gene expression regulation, and histone modification. The previous reports depicted that DNA and histone methylation regulates plant growth and development. In this study, we evaluated the effects of DNA and histone methylation on ‘Hongjia’ strawberry and ‘Lichun’ tomato. We investigated the transient transformation system for arginine methyltransferase (FvPRMT1.5) overexpression and interference and assessed the phenotypic appearance and mRNA and protein expression levels. Results depicted that changes in methylation levels caused inhibition of carotenoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, the profiling of aroma components was altered in response to 5-azacytidine. DNA hypomethylation induced the expression levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and hormone signal transduction pathways, while the expression levels of related proteins showed a downward trend. Overall, we proposed a model that reveals the possible regulatory effects of DNA and histone methylation during fruit ripening.

In this work, SiC particles with different sizes have been effectively introduced into Cu melts based on Ti–SiC system, and the types and microstructures of Ti–SiC reaction products are varied with the SiC size change. With small size, SiC can absolutely react with Ti to form TiC particles and Ti5Si3, while large SiC cannot react completely. In the latter case, besides TiC particles and Ti5Si3, the core–shell particles, including Cu@TiC, SiC@TiC, carbon derived from silicon carbide (SiC-CDC) @TiC and ternary layers SiC@SiC-CDC@TiC, can be formed. It is considered that the reaction of Ti–SiC in Cu melts not only has two alternative reaction path ways but also has two stages. The first stage is the instantaneous reaction between Ti and SiC during the addition and start with TiC formation, which realizes the reactive wetting of SiC by Cu melts and leads to the eventual formation of TiC or SiC@TiC core–shell particles. The second stage is the reaction between Ti and residual SiC in Cu melts which starts with the transformation of SiC into SiC-CDC and leads to the eventual formation of Cu@TiC, SiC-CDC@TiC or SiC@SiC-CDC@TiC core–shell particles.

In this work, diamond has been successfully introduced into Al melts to in-situ synthesis TiC based on Ti–Si–D system. It is found that both Ti and Al react with diamond during the addition of Ti–Si-D mixture into Al melts, and realize the reactive wetting of diamond. Ti and diamond reaction results in the TiC shell formation, while Al and diamond reaction forms Al4C3and prevents the formed TiC shell from becoming dense. Once introduced into Al melts, the residual diamond prefers to react with Al to form Al4C3@TiC core-cell particles or Al4C3plates, and then Al4C3reacts with Ti to synthesize TiC. The morphologies of the TiC particles synthesized by different processes are various. When TiC are formed by Ti and Al4C3of Al4C3@TiC particles, Al@TiC core-shell particles are obtained and the TiC particles in the shell have different morphologies due to their mutual interference during growth. When TiC are formed by Ti and Al4C3plates and can grow freely in Al melts, the octahedral TiC particles are obtained.

Grapevine is extensively grown for fresh table grapes, wine, and other processed products worldwide. DNA methylation levels are regulated by DNA methylation maintenance and DNA methylation removal involved in the grapevine growth. We comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome and metabolome of the ‘Kyoho’ fruit with or without demethylation and screened for a large number of differential genes and metabolites. Color, hardness, and aroma are the most obvious traits reflecting the ripening of grapes. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography to understand the changes in metabolites during ripening. We cloned many key genes selected by transcriptome analysis and found that intron retention was observed in VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvGST. The imbalance of methylation levels affects the alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, which makes the translation process abnormal and affects gene expression. In addition, analyzing promoters of some genes, such as proVvGST4and proVvUFGT, found that the promoters of these genes after demethylating were more difficult to methylate. Taken together, this study will provide new insights into comprehension of the molecular mechanism of methylation during ripening of grape berries. In addition, the study provides some genetic information to help guide our improvement, cultivation, and management of grapes in the future.

The development of new electron transporting layer (ETL) materials to improve the charge carrier extraction and collection ability between cathode and the active layer has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to enhance the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, water-soluble carbon dots (CDs) as ETL material have been creatively synthesized by a vigorous chemical reaction between polyethylenimine (PEI) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) via a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Taking full advantage of the high electron transfer property of PTCDA and the work function (WF) reduction ability of PEI, CD gained high electron mobility due to its large π-conjugated area and reduced the WFof indium tin oxide (ITO) by 0.75 eV. As for the photovoltaic performance of devices, inverted OSCs based on CDs have achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.35%, exhibiting no burn-in effect with no reduction in PCE after more than 4000 h of storage. The successful application of CDs in OPV has developed a new avenue for designing efficient ETL materials that benefits the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.