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Natural reinforcement (for example: flax and jute) have already shown that it can be applied in composite parts to decrease the weight (up to 30 %) and the cost of vehicle production (by approximately 20 %), ultimately reducing the environmental burden. Their early utilization in the automotive sector dates to the 1990s in Europe. Natural fibers constitute an adequate substitute for E-glass due to their lower specific gravity, which means that natural fibers can provide more specific strength over stiffness when combined with a plastic matrix. These advantages help replace non-biodegradable (synthesis) composites and are beneficial for consumers. Taking advantage of the "environmentally friendly composites", car manufacturers utilize them in the manufacture of components such as headliners, dashboards, door panels, and trunk-liners. The present paper summarizes research findings on natural fiber properties and their utilization in natural-fiber composites (NFC, or NFRC – natural-fiber reinforced composite) with a focus on the field of automotive production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The present study aims to demonstrate the application of newly developed combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) approach for grading and selection of Tossa jute fibres, which possesses some unique features uncommon to other variants of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. Design/methodology/approach: The CODAS method was used in this study to rank/grade ten candidate lots of Tossa fibres on the basis of six apposite jute fibre properties, namely, fibre defect, root content, fineness, strength, colour and density. These six fibre properties were considered as the six decision criteria, here, and they were assigned weights as determined previously by an earlier researcher using analytic hierarchy process. The grading of jute fibres was done based on a comprehensive single index known as the assessment scores (Hi), in descending order of magnitude. Findings: Among the 10 Tossa jute lots, T2 was ranked 1 (top grade) because of the highest assessment score of 6.887, followed by T1 with Rank 2 (assessment score 1.830). Because of the least assessment score of −2.795, the candidate lot T4 was considered as the worst, and hence ranked 10. The overall ranking pattern given by the CODAS method was similar to the TOPSIS approach done by Ghosh and Das (2013). This study was supported by various sensitivity analyses to judge the efficacy of the present approach. No occurrence of rank reversal during the sensitivity analyses obviously corroborates the robustness and stability of the CODAS method. Practical implications: Jute pricing is fixed solely by the quality for which grading of fibre is prerequisite. The traditional "Hand and Eye" method or Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) system for jute grading is basically subjective assessment and need domain expertise. MCDM is reported as the most viable solution which gives due importance to the fibre parameters while grading the fibres based on a single index. The present study demonstrates the maiden application of CODAS to address the fibre grading problems for jute industries. This approach can also be extended to solve other decision problems of textile industry, in general. Originality/value: CODAS is a recently developed exponent of MCDM. Uniqueness of the present study lies in the fact that this is the first ever application of CODAS in the domain of textile industry, in general, and jute industry, in particular. CODAS approach is very simple involving a few simple mathematical equations yet a potent tool of decision-making. This method possesses some features uncommon in other variants of MCDM. Moreover, the efficacy of CODAS method is investigated through various sensitivity analyses, which has been ignored in the earlier approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jute is a significant fibre found in India, particularly grown in the provinces of Bengal and Assam. The increasing demand for jute fibre in international markets encouraged the peasants of Bengal to grow jute for commercial purposes. Therefore, Bengal became a centre for globally recognised jute production and supplied to European nations. The discussion of jute trade in India would be lacking without referring to the Goalpara district of Assam, which shares a close flank with Bengal, where a plethora of jute had been grown. The damp alluvial soil of the Goalpara district became favourable for growing extensive jute. The affordable and cheap price of high-quality jute attracted many traders from Bengal and Central India. Besides, the Goalpara district had access to waterways in every nook and cranny, and the district's administrative centre had inland transportation connections to Bengal. The jute trade was extensively carried out in the Goalpara district, and all the jute fibre was transported to Bengal and then to European countries. The demand for jute in the international markets caused a huge number of peasants to migrate to Goalpara district from East Bengal to cultivate jute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent interest in using natural fibers as fillers in various composite materials has sparked the desire of researchers and manufacturing businesses to develop natural fiber composites that may be used as alternative, cheap, sustainable and ecoefficient materials in automobiles. In that respect, the present study was tailored towards harnessing the attractive properties of jute fiber and Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut shell particulate) along with thermoplastic "polypropylene", to develop composite materials with improved properties which can be adopted in automobiles. Alkaline treated African walnut shell particulate (AWSP) and jute fiber were added to polypropylene at a proportion of 2–8 wt% and 5–30 wt% respectively in the presence of 2 wt% maleated polypropylene. Samples were developed at 170 °C and 0.25 kPa pressure, and their mechanical, wear and flow properties were assessed. The result revealed that an improvement of 51.98 %, 42.26 %, 55.23 %, 30.95 %, 54.36 % for flexural strength, tensile strength, impact strength, compressive strength, and hardness respectively. However, a reduction of 380. 48 % and 78.98 % were observed for wear loss and melt flow. The Taguchi Optimization revealed that 2 wt% AWSP and 20 wt% jute fiber addition gave the optimum mechanical performance. The research proved that the hybridization of jute fiber and AWSP resulted in improved polypropylene composites which can be adopted for automobile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2), a plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family, is associated with metabolic responses, including abscisic acid signaling under biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, no information on a genome-wide investigation and stress-mediated expression profiling of jute SnRK2 is available. Recent whole-genome sequencing of two Corchorus species prompted to identify and characterize this SnRK2 gene family. Result: We identified seven SnRK2 genes of each of Corchorus olitorius (Co) and C. capsularis (Cc) genomes, with similar physico-molecular properties and sub-group patterns of other models and related crops. In both species, the SnRK2 gene family showed an evolutionarily distinct trend. Highly variable C-terminal and conserved N-terminal regions were observed. Co- and CcSnRK2.3, Co- and CcSnRk2.5, Co- and CcSnRk2.7, and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 were upregulated in response to drought and salinity stresses. In waterlogging conditions, Co- and CcSnRk2.6 and Co- and CcSnRK2.8 showed higher activity when exposed to hypoxic conditions. Expression analysis in different plant parts showed that SnRK2.5 in both Corchorus species is highly expressed in fiber cells providing evidence of the role of fiber formation. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive study of SnRK2 genes in both Corchorus species. All seven genes identified in this study showed an almost similar pattern of gene structures and molecular properties. Gene expression patterns of these genes varied depending on the plant parts and in response to abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber reinforced composites are a lightweight, affordable, and environmentally friendly replacement for many problematic applications. These natural fibers could be constructed into flexible planar materials with the aid of composite phenomena that can be used for a variety of applications where flexibility is important like as artificial leather. In this work, nonwoven matt made from spinning wastes of jute fiber was used to reinforce the biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The percentage of fibers within the PVA matrix was adjusted to develop the flexible planar composites. The nonwoven matt was immerged into the PVA solution casting mold with the aid of the solution evaporation approach. The flexible planar composite was then obtained through heat-induced pressing. Tensile strength, tearing strength, bending modulus, flexing endurance, abrasion resistance, and moisture management profiles of the developed flexible planar composite were assessed. Additionally, studies were performed for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. The tensile strength has been found 7.78 N/mm2 with 9.84% elongation for a 1.2 mm thick flexible composite. The flexing endurance has been supported by no visible crack formation against 50,000 flexing cycles. The moisture management profile has been ensured by the hydrophobic surface of the composite. Developed flexible planar composite has been shown to have consistent mechanical performance for use as artificial leather, which could be appealing for the fabrication of leather-alternative bags, belts, and wallets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yarn and fabric strength is one of the most important parameters to predict the uses of the end product. Fabric strength mostly depends on yarn strength and yarn strength is prejudiced by fibre strength or fibre properties. Crimp is one of the essential parameter that influences the fibre properties. In this research, crimp box and gear crimp methods were used to introduce crimp into jute fibre. It was found that crimps were irregular in size, shape and number produced from crimp box method. On the other hand, crimps produced from gear crimp method were comparatively regular in size, shape and number. Yarn and fabric strength tests were carried out according to testing standard. It was revealed that yarn strength and elongation at break of gear crimp method were higher than that of crimp box method. Apart from this, fabric strength and elongation were also improved for a regular and increased number of crimps for gear crimp method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to find the effect of mechanical crimp of jute fibre on the thermal properties of woven jute fabrics. In this study, crimp box and gear crimping method were used to impart mechanical crimp into jute sliver. Crimps were divulged to enhance the cohesion between fibres that make it suitable for spinning. Jute yams were produced by inserting a different number of crimps and woven fabrics were produced by using these yams. Fabric thickness, porosity, air permeability and thermal conductivity tests were done according to standard method and found that fabric porosity, air permeability and thermal conductivity of the fabric decreased and fabric thickness increased with the increased number of crimps and fabrics from gear crimping method showed better effect than that of crimp box method. The study on jute woven fabric will provide quantitative experimental data for potential applications with advantages of lightweight, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, biodegradable and excellent mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of surface treatment on jute fiber surface structure was investigated, and further jute fiber/poly composites were prepared by melt blending method, and the effect of surface modification of jute fiber on the interfacial properties and mechanical properties of the composites was studied. It is shown that different surface treatments can improve the surface structure of jute fiber to different degrees and improve the interfacial bonding properties of jute fiber/poly composites. Among them, alkali treatment removes surface hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in increased crystallinity, decreased diameter, and increased fiber surface roughness. The silane coupling agent KH-550 treatment was most beneficial in improving the mechanical properties of jute fiber reinforced PLA composites, with a 23.3% increase in tensile strength and 11.6% increase in notched impact strength over the jute fiber reinforced PLA composites without surface treatment. The modified jute fiber/poly composites had superior hydrolysis resistance, with an 18.7% reduction in mass loss and a 33.8% increase in tensile strength retention after 150 h of hydrolysis in an alkaline environment when the jute fiber content was 40 wt%. This paper shows that the fatigue properties of PLA composites are improved by introducing the above two materials and suitable material ratios, which provide effective data support for making PLA composites applicable to automotive interior area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyse the correlation between crimp parameters and the effect of crimps on yarn strength and hairiness. Crimp is an essential property for natural and man-made fibres. Crimps always form with different parameters as they are very much irregular in size and shape. So, if the crimps are regular in size and shape, the end products like yarn and fabric properties will improve. Jute is a natural fibre with no natural crimp. In this research work, the gear crimping method was used as a mechanical crimping system to impart a regular size and shape of crimps into jute sliver. As a result, crimp parameters like the crimp length and crimp angle become uniform, and it is then easy to measure them. Results also showed that the crimp length is directly proportional and the crimp angle is reversely proportional to the number of crimps per unit length, and they are highly correlated. It was also shown that crimp and crimp parameters also affect the yarn strength and hairiness. In conclusion, it is revealed that with an increase in the number of crimps, the yarn strength was increased and hairiness was decreased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently there are lot of methods and trends are used for making different composite materials for different applications. There is also a high demand for these kind of materials. In this experimental process, the complete effect of the JGCC composite material were made and tested under different conditions. The entire procedure and the full process was made with the method of handlay up and LY556 kind of epoxy resin was used. More over the different properties like impact, tensile, compressive, flexural and finally shear strength for the prepared material was conducted and all the results were tabulated and graphically correlated. All the tests were been conducted based on the ASTM STANDARDS. All the results were carefully studied form the graph for the different combinations of the materials were made. The best results were obtained after several testing for the combination of Jute/Coconut char/flax than the composite material made up of with glass and jute fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juk visa, kas i ka nors priimama, priimama priimanciojo budu. o mastymas yra is prigimties patvaresnis ir nekintamesnis negu kuniska medziaga. t ad jeigu kuniska medziaga tuos pavidalus, LOGOS 106 2021 SAUSIS • KOVAS Tomas akvinieTis 120 kuriuos priima, islaiko ne tik tada, kai jais aktualiai veikia, bet ir tada, kai liaujasi jais veikusi, tai dar nekintamiau ir patvariau mastymas priima suprantamumo rusis, arba is juntamu daiktu gaunamas, arba is kurio nors aukstesniojo mastymo kylancias. t ad jeigu atminti laikytume tik rusis saugancia galia, tai privaletume sakyti, jog atmintis priklauso mastanciajai sielos daliai. LOGOS 106 2021 SAUSIS • KOVAS 117 TEOLOGIJOS SuMA PIRMOJI dALIS, 79 KLAuSIMAS APIE MASTYMO GALIAS V-IX ARTIKuLAI Summa Theologiae First Part, Question 79 On Intellectual Powers Articles V-IX PEnKTAS ARTIKuLAS AR VEIKIAnTYSIS MASTYMAS YRA VISIEMS VIEnAS I Penkt AJI atsakome sitai P. a trodo, kad veikiantysis mastymas yra visiems vienas. TOMAS AKVInIETIS https://doi.org/10.24101/logos.2021.13 Gauta 2021 02 12 LOGOS 106 2021 SAUSIS • KOVAS Tomas akvinieTis 118 riuose apsviestuose daiktuose. vadinasi, veikiantysis mastymas nera tas pats ivairiuose zmonese. atsakau, kad atsakymo i si klausima teisingumas priklauso nuo to, kas jau pasakyta. [Extracted from the article]

The poor hole cleaning efficiency could causes many problems such as high torque, drag, poor hydraulics and pipe stuck. These inherent problems result in an avoidable high operation cost which this study tried to address. In this study, the effect of cutting density on hole cleaning efficiency in deviated and horizontal wells was investigated. Experiments were conducted using 40 feet (12 m) long of flow loop made from iron and PVC. However, the test section was made from PVC with (5.1m) long and (4" ID) for outer pipe and (2" OD) inner pipe. The cutting transport ratio (CTR) was determined from weight measurements for each test. Cutting Transport Ratio has been investigated for effects of the following parameters; flow rate, cutting size and density, yield point of drilling mud, and inclination angle. Once the setup was positioned at the desired inclination, the cutting was transported for 3 minutes at a constant flow rate and yield point. The amount of cutting removed during each test was thereafter weighted to determine cutting transport ratio CTR. The results obtained from this study showed that the cutting density has a slight to moderate effect on hole cleaning efficiency. Also, there was a remarkable improvement in the cutting transport ratio annular velocity and hole inclination angle was increased. However, the yield point (Yp) was negligible at maximum values of annular velocity. Therefore, at high value of yield point the cuttings with large and medium size were transported more than small size. This case is inversed at a low value of Yp. Moreover, for all sizes the heavy cutting transport less than light cutting. Finally, the critical angle was recorded between 65o-75o. Sigma plot 12.5 program has been used to graph all figures in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flax and jute fabrics are adapted to reinforce epoxy matrix composites in order to explore the feasibility of repladng wood in percussion instruments. The fabrics are treated with alkaline solutions to improve interfacial adhesion between fibers and epoxy. The composites are fabricated using the hand-lay and vacuum assisted resin infusion process. Acoustic dynamic moduli, acoustic radiation damping coeffirients, and acoustic impedances of the composites are tested and compared with those of the wood regularly used to make the percussion instruments. It is found that the acoustic properties of the composites are within the range of those of the wood, indicating that it could be feasible to replace the wood with natural cellulose fiber reinforced composites in percussion instrument production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two types of composites: (1) pineapple fabric reinforced polyester resin (pineapple/PR) and (2) jute fabric reinforced polyester resin (jute/PR) were prepared and the mechanical properties investigated for various gamma radiation doses ranging from 100-500 krad. Properties like tensile strength, Young's modulus, elongation-at-break, bending strength, bending modulus and impact strength were increased significantly by 19%, 32%, 45%, 32%, 47% and 20%, respectively, at a dose of 300 krad for pineapple/PR, and by 47%, 49%, 42%, 45%, 52% and 65%, respectively, at a dose of 200 krad for the jute/PR composite in comparison to the non-irradiated composite. Gamma radiation improved the mechanical properties, but overdoses of radiation even caused a reduction in them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystems suffer from increased oil exploitation and frequent oil spills, which calls for effective, environment-friendly, and economically viable solutions. To address this, abandoned gunny sacks as the concerned jute fabric were superhydrophobically (water contact angle ∼159°) modified, incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO 2) nanoparticles and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), rendering a facile drop casting procedure. The modified superhydrophobic-superoleophilic jute fabric has been identified as a high-performance filter with superior reusability that can separate oil-water mixtures in challenging environmental conditions (including potent acidic, alkaline, highly saline, aqueous, frigid, and blistering water environments) while maintaining high separation efficiency. In continuation, static conditions indulging a batch and continuous oil separation performance and dynamic conditions stimulating turbulence in the oil-water mixture were proficiently carried out, mimicking real-world circumstances. As a result, the modified jute fabric has the advantages of high separation efficiency, stable recyclable properties, and outstanding durability, highlighting its enormous potential for use in practical applications. [Display omitted] • Sustainable, novel, and feasible solution to oil spill clean-up • Surface modification of jute via fluorine-free TiO 2 -alkyl silane • Modified jute favors high durability and good recyclability. • A continuous oil-water separation was demonstrated. • Both static and dynamic absorption properties were exhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of epoxy composites fortified with natural fibers such as jute, banana, and coconut, further augmented by the incorporation of Rubik's layer, aimed at evaluating their mechanical performance in terms of tensile, bending, and impact properties. As sustainable alternatives to traditional reinforcement materials, these natural fibers offer the advantage of low environmental impact, renewability, and biodegradability. The Rubik's layer, known for its three-dimensional interlocking structure, holds promise in enhancing composite properties due to its unique geometry and material characteristics. The study involves the fabrication of composite specimens through a systematic layering process, varying the composition of natural fibers and Rubik's layer. A comprehensive experimental campaign is conducted to assess the tensile strength, bending modulus, and impact resistance of the resultant composites. The results are systematically compared against those of pristine epoxy composites to ascertain the influence of the added reinforcements and enhancement layer. The findings reveal distinctive trends in mechanical behavior based on the type and proportion of natural fibers employed. Notably, the jute-reinforced composites exhibit commendable tensile and bending properties, while banana and coconut reinforcements contribute to improved impact resistance. The introduction of the Rubik's layer further refines these properties, with discernible variations based on its placement within the composite structure. This paper offers valuable insights into the multifaceted impact of natural fiber reinforcements and Rubik's layer incorporation on epoxy composites. The systematic evaluation of mechanical attributes provides a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects among these constituents. As the demand for sustainable and high-performance materials escalates, this research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on composite design, catering to diverse engineering applications that prioritize mechanical excellence and ecological responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study the composite material with significantly light weight has been prepared using jute fiber as reinforcement and polyester resin binder to study its mechanical properties. The composites were prepared with maximum of 25 % as fiber volume by hand lay up method with parallel and random orientation with 2 and 3 cm fiber length. It was observed that tensile strength 83.25 M Pa which is almost four times higher than those of the plain polyester respectively. The percent elongation was also found to have significantly higher as compared to plain polyester sheet and similar trend was observed for f lexural and impact properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to study the influence of low fiber volume fraction on the mechanical properties of the Jute fabric reinforced cementitious composites, suggesting the thin sheet of pultruded fabric instead of Jute as a suitable solution for the forming complex matrix shapes. The present work investigates the pultrusion of a Jute fabrics reinforced by the polymeric matrix material, which protects the Jute fabrics and improves the durability of fiber cement sheets. Different fiber volume fraction as well as polymeric matrix material blending ratios were investigated through the pultrusion technique and compared with the control untreated Jute fabrics reinforced cementations composites. Microstructure characteristics of the fabric–matrix interface were also explored and correlated with the mechanical properties of the pultruded Jute fabrics reinforced cementations composite. It was found that an improvement in the behavior of mechanical properties of the cement composite with pultruded Jute fabrics compared to similar composites. Acceptable correlations were found on the mechanical properties of the composite, particularly bending stiffness. Pultrusion Jute reinforced polymeric matrix material increases the tensile stress, the modulus of elasticity, and the flexure strength than in control untreated Jute fabrics reinforced cementations composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geotextiles made of natural fibres like jute have been found to be effective in improving geotechnical characteristics of soil and are being extensively used for various technical end-uses viz. rural road construction, protection of river banks, stabilization of embankments, erosion control, management of slopes, consolidation of soft soils etc. Out of the several natural agents causing extensive damages to roads, landslides can claim to be a major destroyer. Open weave Jute Geotextile (JGT), popularly known as soil savers, if properly designed can fulfil the said criteria besides facilitating growth of vegetation. This article delineates testing and analysis of the prime property parameters of some open weave JGT samples of different fabric weight categories, manufactured in the jute mills, followed by their comparative analysis based on which they have been selected to fulfil the end-use requirement. This was followed by determination of the tolerance limit of the property parameters of the selected open weave JGT samples by statistical interpretation for formulation of the specification before the actual field trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the creation of higher mechanical properties in natural fiber mat composites is proposed. The hybrid jute/glass mat was fabricated by needle-punched system, wherein jute mat was placed on glass mat. The ratio of jute and glass mat layers was set to be 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The hand lay-up method was employed to manufacture the composites with unsaturated polyester resin after needle-punched process. Three-point bending test was carried out in order to obtain flexural properties of different composites. The results indicate that flexural strength obtained for jute mat composite (JF) was approximately 37 MPa, whereas high flexural strength was achieved in jute mat/glass mat hybrid composites (JF/GF and JF/JF/GF, when the glass fiber layer is placed as bottom side) that exhibited about respective 61.7 % and 62.0 % higher than the values of JF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present exposition, coupon specimens extracted from jute-polyester laminates fabricated by the hand layup method combined with compression molding are subjected to tensile, compression and flexural tests in a UTM. Next a novel hybrid jute-steel composite is studied under similar conditions. It is shown that the gap in tensile strengths in warp and weft directions found in plain jute laminates is perceptibly reduced in their hybrid jute counterparts. Also, hybrid jute laminates have substantive residual tensile strengths on reaching peak strengths as compared to plain jute-polyester composites which fail abruptly, i.e. in a brittle manner, on reaching peak strength. Additionally, hybrid jute composites displayed higher tensile modulus and flexural stiffness, and consistent compressive strength as compared to plain jute-polyester composite laminates. It is shown that improvement in moisture resistance is an additional advantage of hybrid jute laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is the leading producer of raw jute and jute products in the world. India’s sacking goods production comprises 75% of the total goods production and B twill bags, used for packaging rice and wheat, and contributes 85% of the total sacking bag production. Still there exists an increasing trend of imports of jute products due to the increase in the domestic consumption of conventional jute goods. Bangladesh is the major exporter in jute goods, with India in 2nd position. Hessian cloth and bags are the major exporting items of jute goods from India. In the overall situation, there exists a unique opportunity of the jute industry to improve the social and economic conditions of the states concerned as well as the country. Being the preferred sector in raw jute production due to suitable topographical conditions, emphasis now needs to be placed on modernization of the jute sector with a view to developing a viable and efficient jute manufacturing sector in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aromatic hydrocarbons such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a common herbicide, is often found in groundwater in areas with intensive agricultural activities. Even in minute concentration, they are known to affect human health. An attempt has been made to capture 2,4-D from aqueous medium using neemoil-phenolic resin treated lignocellulosic jute. Treated jute showed 84% 2, 4-D removal efficiency. The 2,4-D removal of the biosorbent was confirmed from FTIR and 13 C NMR analyses. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and effective over a pH range between 2 and 8. Maximum 2,4-D removal capacity of treated jute was found to be 38.5 mg/g. Treated jute was found to remove 2,4-D from aqueous media economically and efficiently through polar–polar and non-polar–non polar interactions. No sludge was produced during 2,4-D removal with treated jute nor did the process introduce deleterious characteristics, e.g ., hardness and odor to the treated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymer yarns of polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) reinforced with natural fiber were prepared by a micro braiding technique. The biodegradation of the micro-braid yarn was studied by field tests. The yarn are prepared from polymer blends of PLA:PBSA with ratios of 100:0, 90:10, and 85:15 (wt%) by a single screw extruder. Braided samples were prepared using jute as a braided core fiber. The mechanical property analysis showed tensile strength of polymer yarn with jute fiber higher than polymer yarn without jute. Biodegradation of micro-braiding yarn with and without jute fiber was studied by buried under controlled conditions compared with cellulose. The field biodegradation test was carried out for 28 days with period of 7 days sampling. It was found that humidity and soil temperature affected the biodegradability of polymers. Analysis of samples confirmed that buried at low temperature position showed higher degradation than at high temperature. High humidity enhanced the degradability due to hydrolysis reaction. Micro-braided polymer yarns of PLA:PBSA (85:15) and PLA:PBSA (85:15)/jute showed similar biodegradability confirmed that the mechanism of biodegradation from surface of the yarn was priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the chopped carbon fibers and jute fibers were used to fabricate hybrid paperboard. The paper making process was used. Combined with unsaturated polyester resin, paperboard fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), carbon hybrid FRP and jute hybrid FRP were fabricated and the mechanical property included tensile test, bending test and Izod impact test were carried out to compared the mechanical property of these three kinds of materials. The drilled holes tensile test was also carried out to examine the drilled holes property. Scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the fracture characteristic on failure specimens. It was found due to the manufacture process of paperboard, the materials expressed obvious anisotropic property. The paperboard composite has an excellent static property but lower impact property compared with carbon hybrid FRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodegradable polymer yarns of polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) reinforced with natural fiber were prepared by a micro braiding technique. The biodegradation of the micro-braid yarn was studied by field tests. The yarn are prepared from polymer blends of PLA:PBSA with ratios of 100:0, 90:10, and 85:15 (wt%) by a single screw extruder. Braided samples were prepared using jute as a braided core fiber. The mechanical property analysis showed tensile strength of polymer yarn with jute fiber higher than polymer yarn without jute. Biodegradation of micro-braiding yarn with and without jute fiber was studied by buried under controlled conditions compared with cellulose. The field biodegradation test was carried out for 28 days with period of 7 days sampling. It was found that humidity and soil temperature affected the biodegradability of polymers. Analysis of samples confirmed that buried at low temperature position showed higher degradation than at high temperature. High humidity enhanced the degradability due to hydrolysis reaction. Micro-braided polymer yarns of PLA:PBSA (85:15) and PLA:PBSA (85:15)/jute showed similar biodegradability confirmed that the mechanism of biodegradation from surface of the yarn was priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the chopped carbon fibers and jute fibers were used to fabricate hybrid paperboard. The paper making process was used. Combined with unsaturated polyester resin, paperboard fiber reinforced plastic (FRP), carbon hybrid FRP and jute hybrid FRP were fabricated and the mechanical property included tensile test, bending test and Izod impact test were carried out to compared the mechanical property of these three kinds of materials. The drilled holes tensile test was also carried out to examine the drilled holes property. Scanning electron microscope was employed to observe the fracture characteristic on failure specimens. It was found due to the manufacture process of paperboard, the materials expressed obvious anisotropic property. The paperboard composite has an excellent static property but lower impact property compared with carbon hybrid FRP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified jute fiber was prepared for aniline adsorption from aqueous solution in a fixed-bed column. A series of column tests were performed to determine the breakthrough characteristics, by varying bed depths (12–48 mm), influent flow rates (10–20 mL/min) and initial concentrations (50–200 mg/L). Results illustrated an encouraging performance for aniline adsorption, with an adsorption capacity of 91.5 mg/g, at an influent concentration of 200 mg/L and adsorbent bed depth of 24 mm. Dynamic adsorption behavior was satisfactory described by Thomas, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and Yoon-Nelson models. Dynamic modeling analysis revealed that the best predictions of breakthrough curves were obtained with the BDST model. The exhausted biosorbent could get an effective desorption with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid solution. After three regeneration cycles, above 95% adsorption capacity of the biosorbent was maintained. The findings reveal that the modified jute fiber is a potential adsorbent for aniline pollution remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of flax and jute woven fabrics were investigated and compared with each other. Mechanical properties of the yarns and fabrics were characterised and compared for each scale. The fabric structure, yarn physical properties, fibre cross-section, and fibre molecular structure parameters of the fabric were investigated. FTIR and TGA thermogram analyses were applied to the fabrics to characterise them. The fabric tensile strength was attributed to the composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation. The tensile strength of natural fibre fabrics was determined as significantly reduced depending on the temperature increase. This condition should be considered as an important limitation for composite applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By nature, Hybridization of inorganic and organic materials leads to the physical and chemical state of new compound or composite. Based on this concept, this article has structured two different hybrid composites prepared experimentally. The investigation taken up on hybridization describes the tribological properties of fiber based hybrid composite achieved by the combination of natural jute and glass fibers reinforced composite for application in underground pipelines and marine applications based on the mechanical properties required. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the properties of these hybrids and compare their properties through different experimental techniques. The properties of the prepared hybrid composite are experimentally calculated by various testing like tensile, impact, flexural and hardness according to ASTM standards. The effects of the varying slurry concentration and surface impact velocity at different exposure times on the erosion behavior of the composites have been carried out. The microstructures of the tested specimens have been performed through scanning electron microscope for fracture mode analysis. The experimental results were obtained from the basis of their potential structural applications and the tribological tests help in finding their different applications. The results clearly indicates that the hybrid to has more value in all the properties than hybrid 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a timeline of political events held in Pakistan and worldwide as of January-March 2016 on topics including Pakistan's Finance Minister Ishaq Dar departure to China; acceptance of Pakistan's request by Bangladesh to export jute; and statement of Pakistan Minister Nasar Ali Khan.

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the loss of tenacity and colorfastness properties of bleached and modified (acrylonitrile, AN and methacrylonitrile, MAN) jute fibres dyed with Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14. Design/methodology/approach - Jute fibres dyed with Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 were studied as a function of exposure to sunlight in air,washingwith soap solutionandspotting with acidsandalkalis. Findings - Dye absorption of Basic Violet 14 was higher compared to Reactive Orange 14 at optimum dyeing conditions. Optimum dye uptake of Reactive Orange 14 required relatively severe conditions compared to that of Basic Violet 14. Whereas, Reactive Orange 14 showed overall good colorfastness to sunlight and moderate in washing compared to Basic Violet 14. All the bleached and modified fibres showed good colorfastness to weak acids and alkalis regardless of Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 dyes. The loss in tenacity was higher in the case of non-modified fibres, and among the modified fibres, Basic Violet 14 showed the lowest loss in tenacity in the exposure to sunlight. Originality/value - Many studies have been devoted to improve the substantivity of cellulosic fibre for reactive dyes. A few efforts were made to improve the light fastness. In this work, investigation will be made on a comparative study of loss of tenacity and colorfastness properties of bleached and modified (AN and MAN) jute fibres dyed with both Reactive Orange 14 and Basic Violet 14 on exposure to sunlight, washing and acid and alkali spotting. Optimum dyeing conditions will also be investigated for economic dyeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of ecofriendly biocomposites to replace non-biodegradable synthetic fiber composites is the main objective of this study. To highlight the biocomposites as a perfect replacement, the plain woven jute fabric (WJF) reinforced poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) composites were prepared by the hot press molding method. The influence of woven structure and direction on the mechanical properties i.e. tensile, flexural and impact properties was investigated. The average tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and impact strength (IS) of untreated woven jute composite (in warp direction) were improved about 103%, 211%, 95.2%, 42.4% and 85.9%, respectively and strain at maximum tensile stress for composite samples was enhanced by 11.7%. It was also found that the strengths and modulus of composites in warp direction are higher than those in weft direction. WJF composites in warp and weft directions presented superior mechanical properties than non-woven jute fabric (NWJF) composites. Chemical treatment of jute fabric through benzoylation showed a positive effect on the properties of composites. Morphological studies by SEM demonstrated that better adhesion between the treated fabric and PLLA was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A detailed investigation of physical, mechanical and thermal properties of jute and bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy resin unidirectional void free composites was carried out. The composites were prepared by using vacuum technique. Scanning electron microscopic analysis, tensile and flexural testing and thermogravimetric analysis were performed in order to evaluate surface morphology, mechanical properties and thermal behavior of the unidirectional composites respectively. The relationship between theoretical and experimental values was figured out using rules of mixture. The analytical results showed good agreement with the experimental results. Comparing jute and bamboo fiber reinforced unidirectional composites, it is observed that bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites showed good results in terms of tensile strength, while jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites had higher Young's modulus values. Bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites showed good flexure strength in the longitudinal distribution. On the other hand, jute fiber reinforced epoxy composited had better flexural strength with transverse fiber distribution in the composites. Fiber distribution was not uniform for both bamboo and jute fiber reinforced unidirectional epoxy composites. Scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that morphological changes took place depending on the fiber orientation in epoxy composites. It is also observed from thermogravimetric analysis that jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites had better thermal behavior compared to bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physical especially bending properties of jute fibres treated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were studied in this work. To the knowledge of these authors, the influence of DMSO treatment on the prickle properties of jute fibres has not been investigated earlier. The results of the investigation indicate that 8 hours of DMSO treatment at 80 °C leads to a decrease in the equivalent bending modulus of up to 38.3%. This decrease was due to the swelling of fibrils and the removal of non-cellulosic materials. It is significant to improve the wear behaviour of jute fabrics. Suitable chemical treatment not only slenderised the jute fibres, but also removed the wax dramatically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study is performed on the properties of jute-pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) blended yarn and 100% jute yarn. The jute-PALF blend ratios of two counts of yarn (5 and 7 lbs/spy) are 70:30 and 80:20 respectively. The physical properties of the blended yarns such as load at break, strain at break, tenacity at break, tensile modulus and quality ratio are tested and measured. It is observed from the test results that the physical properties of the blended yarns are better than those of the 100% jute yarn. The experimental results also show that the physical and structural properties of the blended yarn changes with the increase of PALF in the blend ratio. So the blending of PALF has a positive impact on yarn properties. Another study is done, in which it is found that surface appearance properties like color strength (K/S value) and whiteness, yellowness and brightness indices of the blended yarns are almost the same as those of the jute yarn due to the blending of jute-PALF. Therefore, the blending ratio does not cause any notable changes in the natural color of the jute yarn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administração e Inovação (RAI) is the property of Revista de Administracao e Inovacao- RAI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, advanced plant fiber reinforced composites have captured the attention of many important manufacturing sectors such as the construction, automotive, and packaging industries. Recently, Jute fiber reinforced composites have replaced the most widely used synthetic fiber (glass, kevlar) reinforced composites in many applications. However, only few studies have been done on the tribological behavior of woven Jute fabric reinforced polypropylene composite material. In the present experimental endeavor, compression molding is used for the preparation of Jute-reinforced polypropylene composites. The effect of Jute fabric reinforcement on the resulting composite's behavior under friction was investigated. The tribological behavior was assessed with a computerized pin-on-disc wear and friction tester at an operating dry condition and different working parameters of sliding speed (1–3 m/s), applied load (10–30 N), and sliding distance (1000–3000 m). SEM has been utilized to support the discussion of the outcomes. The results revealed that, the addition of woven Jute fabric into PP matrix increases the wear resistance properties of polypropylene based composites as there was 3.5 - 45% reduction in coefficient of friction values and a decrease by 65% in the r specific wear rate on account of the incorporation of the Jute fabric as reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During last few years, the interest in using natural fibers as reinforcement in polymers has increased significantly. Natural fibers are not only strong and lightweight but also relatively very cheap and bio-degradable. In this work, an investigation is carried out on jute fiber, a natural fiber. Jute fiber has gained interest in the composite field due to its superior specific properties compared to manmade synthetic fibers like glass, Kevlar, asbestos, etc. The present work describes the development and characterization of natural fiber based composites consisting of jute fiber as reinforcement and hybrid resin consisting of general purpose resin and cashew nut shell resin as matrix material. The composites are fabricated using hand lay-up technique. The tensile strength is studied using experimental and numerical analysis. The nature of hybrid matrix at different composition is also studied. The commercial Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS is used for numerical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the tribological performance of Polyamide (PA) based hybrid composites have filled with short jute fibers (JF) and nano ZnO particles, which are fabricated with different volume fractions, and it was machined (test specimens) as per ASTM-G99 standard. Wear tests were conducted by pin-on-disc (POD) test rig, is a new test setup for online measuring of wear rate (WR) and friction coefficient (COF). Experiments were conducted based on central composite rotatable design (CCD), with the input parameters like normal force (NF), sliding velocity (SV) and reinforcements (RF) on wear rate and friction coefficient. The mathematical models were developed by using response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test also carried out to check the adequacy of the developed empirical models. The debris and the worn out surfaces were observed through scanning electron microscope (SEM). Despite extensive research on composites, determining the desirable operating conditions in industrial setting still relies on the skill of the operators and trial-and-error methods. The main intension of this work is to optimize the tribological variables for minimum wear and friction based on multi-objective optimization techniques (MOOT). This was probably due to the fact that PA has good flexibility and for the incorporation of reinforcements, it is believed that a continuous thin coherent transfer films and tribo chemical reactions were involved by hybrid composites on the steel counterface, which contributes a lower friction and wear. This debris was re-adhered on the mating surfaces which improves the wear resistance and prevent the oxidation and degradation behavior more effectively, which might be one of the anti-wear mechanisms of nano ZnO fillers. Both wear rate and friction coefficient of the hybrid composites were significantly lower than those of the pure polyamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite manufacturing has been a wide area of research and it is the preferred choice due to its superior properties like low density, stiffness, light weight and possesses better mechanical properties. This has found its wide applications in aerospace, automotive, marine and sporting industries. There has been continuous lookout for synthesizing composites without compromising on the mechanical and physical properties. In this research, fiber reinforced composites were prepared with jute fibers of fiber length 5-6 mm. The resins used in this study are polyester and epoxy. The composites were synthesized at 18:82 fiber-resin weight percentages. The prepared composites were tested to study the mechanical properties of the composite such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness. The results show that the jute reinforced epoxy composite exhibited better mechanical properties than Jute-polyester composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]