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This article provides a summary and first results of the University of Vienna Middle Egypt Project at the necropolis of el-Sheikh Fadl - Umm Raqaba where surveys and rescue excavations have been conducted since early 2014. After a brief introduction of the historical background, aims and methods of the project, the article will give an overview of the main types of tombs encountered so far as well as a discussion of the possible date and archaeological potential of the site.

Fluoridated dental care products are used to prevent dental decay. Up to now, there are no data available on whether the fluoride (F-) component of these products affects the bactericidal activity of salivary polymorphonuclear leucocytes, which are involved in the protection of the oral mucosa against infection. Therefore, after determining the concentration/time profile of F-in mixed saliva of healthy subjects after topical application of 0.5 g of a 1.25 % F-containing gel, unstimulated and fMLP-stimulated polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) were shortly exposed to these F-concentrations and the generation of Superoxide and hypochloric acid were measured, as well as the liberation of lysomal enzymes, and correlated with the cellular Ca2+and cAMP-levels. The results show that F-, at concentrations as retained in saliva, did not activate the oxidative burst in unstimulated PMNs. In fMLP-activated PMNs, F-suppressed the receptor-mediated increase in the oxidative burst and the liberation of fl-glucuronidase by reduction of the availability of extracellular Ca2+and, thus, the influx of Ca2+necessary to couple completely the fMLP signal to effector pathways. These F-concentrations neither altered the liberation of Ca2+from internal stores nor induced a rise in cAMP. The possible clinical consequences of these results for xerostomic patients with respect to the generation of HOSCN/OSCN/SCN-in saliva, an important non-immune factor for oral health, are dicussed.

The nicotinamide antagonist 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) administered to rats prior to the second postnatal week drastically affected their motoric activity by producing consecutive reversible hypo- and hypermotoric stages. To obtain information on the validity of the putative link of correlated changes in brain RNA synthesis and motoric activity, neuronal and nonastrocytic glial cerebral and cerebellar in vitro RNA synthesis was determined during the hypo- and hypermotoric stages induced by in vivo administration of 6-AN given on the 7th day of a rat's life.

To determine the local gastrointestinal absorption of a new synthetic somatostatin analogue (SMS 201-995 = Sandostatin), an intestinal tube was passed in eight healthy volunteers and on different days an aqueous solution was administered at four different locations: stomach, proximal duodenum, ligament of Treitz and jejunum. In a follow-up study, an oro-ileal tube was passed in six of the original volunteers and the drug solution was administered in to the terminal ileum.

In order to elucidate the question whether maternal thyroid hormones are necessary for both growth and differentiation processes during the phase of organogenesis, rats were thyroidectomized on day 6 of gestation (under barbiturate anaesthesia) using a stereomicroscope. Two days after the operation a radio-iodine-test was performed which ensured that only athyroid animals were used for the experiments. The results of the studies on the growth kinetics of 11- to 14-day-old rat embryos as well as on the activity of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and the α-glycerophosphate oxidase in rat embryos of operated mother animals showed that thyroid hormones are not required for the early stages of development of rats.

During 1984/1985, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, an autonomous body of the European Community, initiated and sponsored an international project on the introduction of computing technology in the production industry.

Muonic Coulomb capture ratios and x-ray intensity patterns in four binary mixtures of the gases N2, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe have been measured at three atomic ratios. An influence of the concentration has been established. The Lyman series intensity patterns of pure N2, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe were measured at pressures between 0.4 and 51 bar and found to depend on the pressure. Possible explanations are discussed.

Muonic Coulomb capture ratios of Na2O, CaO, RbO2, SrO, CsO2 and BaO have been measured and compared with theoretical predictions. Muonic x-ray intensities have been used to determine the angular momentum distribution of the muons for the principal quantum numbern=20. A systematic variation of this distribution withZ was observed.

Isolated pancreatic islets of normoglycemic sand rats do not respond to 2.5 mM glucose with an enhanced glucagon secretion, which could be observed in normal Wistar rats. Arginine stimulates glucagon release in the presence of 2.5 mM glucose in Wistar rats as well as in sand rats. The secretion pattern is not caused by insulin deficiency since sand rat islets are characterized by an increased insulin secretion rate in vitro. This paradoxical glucagon secretion is not caused by a changed glucagon content but might be related to this species which is able to develop a diabetic syndrome spontaneously.

Two monoclonal Beta-cell surface antibodies M10H6 und K14D10 were obtained by fusion of spleen cells of Balb/c mice with the myeloma cell line P30. The monoclonal antibody M10H6 was induced by immunization with rat insulinoma cells finally boostered with disintegrated rat islets, whereas the K14D10 was generated after immunization with porcine proinsulin. Both monoclonals belong to the IgG2Aisotype and were screened with insulin-producing rat insulinoma cells by an indirect immunofluorescence test as well as by a cellular enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In addition to the cell surface binding on living Beta cells the monoclonals react with islets on cryostat sections of rat pancreas. The anti-islet cytotoxic potential of these monoclonals was measured by 51Chromium-release in the presence of complement or Fc-receptor bearing leucocytes using 51Chromium-labelled rat islet cells as target. Both antibody secreting hybridomas were propagated in syngeneic mice resulting in high levels of islet cell surface antibodies in ascites and sera from the recipient. High anti-islet cytotoxicity was mediated by ascites fluid, but no mouse developed hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, the repeated injections of the monoclonals into rats did not exert a diabetogenic action and failed to reduce the pancreatic insulin content although the attraction of the K14D10 to the pancreatic islets in vivo could be demonstrated. We conclude that islet cell surface antibody-mediated Beta-cell lysis in vitro may not be relevant to Beta-cell destruction in vivo.

Gyr KE, Whitehouse I, Beglinger C, Köhler E, Dettwiler S, Fried M. Human pharmacological effects of SMS 201-995 on gastric secretion.The inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated- (3 μg kg-1 h-1) gastric acid secretion by various doses of intravenous and subcutaneous SMS 201-995, a somatostatin analogue, was investigated in healthy volunteers by means of gastric aspiration, using phenol red as a volume marker. The intravenous doses were compared with the standard dose of somatostatin-14, 3.5 μg kg-1 h-1. Similarly, SMS 201-995-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion was compared with that of exocrine pancreatic secretion assessed by gastroduodenal aspiration. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) SMS 201-995 is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, exerting near maximal inhibition at a dose ≥0.56 μg kg-1 h-1. Near maximal inhibition equals that achieved with SST-14 (3.5 μg kg-1 h-1). 2) Pancreatic enzyme secretion appears to be strongly inhibited by lower doses of SMS 201-995 than gastric secretion. 3) Single subcutaneous injections of SMS 201-995 produce an inhibition of gastric acid secretion lasting for many hours. Near maximal inhibition was obtained with a dose of 100 μg.

This study demonstrates the existence of a high affinity binding site on rabbit cardiac fibroblasts of the hexapeptide (3-8) fragment of angiotensin II (AngIV). [125I]-AngIV binding is saturable, reversible and distinct from angiotensin II (AngII) receptors. At 37°C equilibrium of [125I]-AngIV binding is reached within 2 h. AngIV displaces [125I]-AngIV bound to cultured rabbit cardiac fibroblasts whereas AngII receptor-specific ligands ([Sar1,IIe8]-AngII, Dup753, CGP42112A) do not. Scatchard plot analysis revealed that [125I]-AngIV binds to a single class of sites with Kd = 4.87 ± 0.11 × 10-9 mol/l, Bmax = 371 ± 8.3 fmol/mg protein and a Hill coefficient of 0.92. In the presence of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GTPγS [125I]-AngIV binding in rabbit cardiac fibroblasts was not markedly affected, whereas binding of [125I]-(Sar1,IIe8)-AngII is reduced. The role of AngIV in the heart and in particular in cardiac fibroblasts is unknown, and the putative interaction of AngIV with AngII needs further characterization.

Administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) to rats leads to an opposite effect on the rate at which [3H]UMP is incorporated in vitro into nuclear cerebral neuronal and glial RNA. The inhibition of glial RNA synthesis is temporarily accompanied by both a reduction of the number of RNA initiation sites on glial chromatin and a reduction of [3H]acetate uptake into glial chromatin-bound histones mainly as regards the fraction H2B, H3 and H4. The slight stimulation of neuronal RNA synthesis 6 hours after 6-AN seemed to be caused exclusively by a less steric restriction of neuronal chromatin, whereas the more pronounced stimulation at 24 hours may be related to both a higher activity and/or amount of endogenous neuronal RNA polymerases and an increase in the total number of RNA initiation sites present on the neuronal chromatin. The increase in the total number of neuronal RNA initiation sites is closely parallel with a higher degree of acetylation of neuronal chromatin-bound histone fractions. The 6-AN-induced variations of glial and neuronal in vitro RNA synthesis are discussed in correlation with the neurotoxic action of 6-AN in vivo.

Summary In the isolated guinea pigs atria as well as in anaesthetized cats and dogs we studied the cardiovascular effects of bencyclan. The following results were found:1.)Bencyclan causes a dose-dependent diminution of the force of contraction, the maximal rate of rise of contraction, and the frequency of the isolated atria, while the functional refractory period is prolonged.2.)The negative inotropic effect of bencyclan can be antagonized in the isolated atria by increasing Ca++-concentrations.3.)In the isolated left atria the effect of orciprenaline is unchanged while the effect of serotonin is diminished by bencyclan.4.)In the anaesthetized cat 5 mg/kg of bencyclan cause a significant decrease of blood-pressure and contractility. While the fall of blood-pressure is reversed within a few minutes, the contractility is diminished for a longer time.5.)2 of 10 cats and 2 of 3 dogs died within a few minutes when 5 mg/kg bencyclan and 1 mg/kg propranolol were injected within an interval of 15 minutes.6.)Pretreatment with 20 mg/kg propranolol i.m. does not increase the acute toxicity of bencyclan in mice significantly.

Birot, P.: Géographie physique générale de la zone intertropicale (à l’exclusion des régions arides et semi-arides). - „Les cours de Sorbonne“, 280 S., 24 Fig. Centre de Documentation Universitaire, Paris, o. J.; Board, C., R. J. Chorley, P. Haggett & D. R. Stoddard (ed.): Progress in Geography. - Internat. Rev. of Current Research, vol. 2 und 3: 235 und 231 S., zahlr. Fig. und Tab.. Edward Arnold, London 1970 und 1971.; Caviedes L., César: Geomorfología del cuaternario del valle del Aconcagua, Chile Central. - Freiburger Geogr. Hefte, 11: 153 S., 25 Fig. u. 13 Photos. Freiburg i. Br. 1972., Chorley, R. J., R. P. Beckinsale & A. J. Dunn: The History of the Study of Landforms or the Development of Geomorphology. Vol. 2: The life and work of William Morris Davis.- XXII, 874 S., 163 Abb.. Methuen & Co., London 1973.; Davies, J. L. : Geographical variation in coastal development. - Geomorphology Text 4: VII, 204 p., 130 fig., Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh 1973.; Derbyshire, E. (Hrsg.) : Climatic Geomorphology. - Geogr. Readings: 296 S., zahlr. Fig. und Tab., Macmillan, London 1973; Dewdney, J. C. : A geography of the Soviet Union. - 2. ed.: 169 S., 43 Fig., 27 Tab.. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1971.; Glen, A., & M. Williams: Scotland from the air. - Zahlr. Fig. und Photos. Heinemann Educ. Books, London 1972.; Hallam, A. : A Revolution in the Earth Sciences - From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics. - 127 S., 45 Abb.. Clarendon, in Oxford University Press, Oxford 1973.; Hassenpflug, W., & G. Richter : Formen und Wirkungen der Bodenabspülung und -verwehung im Luftbild. - Landeskundliche Luftbildauswertung im mitteleuropäischen Raum. Schriftenfolge der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumordnung, H. 10: 85 S., 67 Bilder, 7 Abb., 4 Tab.. Bonn - Bad Godesberg 1972.; Jahrbuch für Geologie. Herausgeg. vom Zentr. Geol. Inst. Berlin. - Bd. 4: 503 S., zahlr. Fig., Photos, Taf. und Tab.. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1972.; Johnson, B. L. C. & Ph. Reichl: Place, people and work in Japan. - 144. S., zahlr. Fig., Photos u. Tab.. Heinemann Education Books, London 1972.; Kaiser, K. und Mitarbeiter: Arbeitsberichte aus der Forschungsstation Bardai/Tibesti III. - Berliner Geograph. Abh., 16: 156 S., 133 Abb., 41 Fig., 34 Tab., 1 Karte, Selbstverlag II. Geograph. Inst. Freie Univ.; Berlin 1972.; Keller, R. (Hrsg.): Run-off Regimen and Water Balance II. Flußregime und Wasserhaushalt II. - Freiburger Geogr. Hefte 12: 180 S., zahlr. Abb. und Tabellen, 6 Karten, 1 Profiltafel. Geogr. Institut der Universität, Freiburg 1972.; Kohl, F. (Hrsg.): Kartieranleitung. Anleitung und Richtlinien zur Herstellung der Bodenkarte 1 :25 000, bearbeitet von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Bodenkunde. - 169 S., 4 Abb., 30 Tabellen und 1 Tafel. Bundesanstalt für Bodenforschung und Geol. Landesämter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Hannover 1971.; Learmonth, N. & A. : Regional Landscapes of Australia. Form, Function and Change. 494 S., zahlreiche Fig., Tab., Karten und Photos (z. T. farbig). Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London 1972.; Lendl, E. & H. Riedl (Hrsg.): Beiträge zur Klimatologie, Meteorologie und Klimamorphologie. Festschrift für HANNS TOLLNER zum 70. Geburtstag. - Arb. Geogr. Inst. Universität Salzburg, Bd. 3: 354 S., 57 Diagr., 16 Profile, 18 Karten, 12 Bilder, Salzburg 1973.; Lippmann, F.: Sedimentary Carbonate Minerals. - Minerals, Rocks and Inorganic Materials, Monograph Series of Theoretical and Experimental Studies 6: 228 S., 54 Fig., 38 Tab.. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973.; Lumley, H. De (ed.): La grotte de l'Hortus (Valflaunès, Hérault). Les chasseurs néandertaliens et leur milieu de vie. Elaboration d'une chronologie du Wurmien II dans le Midi méditerranéen. - Etudes Quaternaires. Géologie, Paléontologie, Préhistoire, Mém. 1: VII, 668 S., 454 Abb., etwa 224 Tab. Lab. Paléont. Préhist. Marseille 1972.; Melchior, P., & S. Yumi (ed.): Rotation of the Earth. - Internat. Astronom. Union, Symp. 48: XXII u . 244 S., zahlr. Fig. u. Tab.. D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht 1972.; Moore, J. R.: Oceanography. Readings from scientific American. - 417 S.; 345 Abb. (davon 167 farbig). H. W. Freeman & Co., San Francisco 1972.; Müller, K.-H.: Zur Morphologie des zentralen Hintertaunus und des Limburger Beckens. Ein Beitrag zur tertiären Formengenese. Marburger Geogr. Schr., H. 58: 112 S., 41 Abb., davon 21 im Anhang, 1 Karte. Geogr. Inst. Marburg 1973.; Mutch, T. A.: Geology of the moon. - Rev. ed. : XI, 391 S., zahlr. Fig., Photos u . Tab.. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1972.; Obenauf, K. P.: Die Enneris Gonoa, Toudoufou, Oudingueur und Nemagayesko im nordwest­ lichen Tibesti. - Berliner Geogr. Abh., 12 : 70 S., 6 Abb., 21 Photos, 10 Tabellen, 35 Profile, 9 Karten. Selbstverlag II. Geograph. Inst. Freie Univ., Berlin 1971.; Ominde, S. H. (ed.): Studies in East African Geography and Development. - XII, 275 S., 104 Abb. (Karten, Fig., Diagramme, Tab., Photos.) Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London und Nairobi 1971.; Peeters, L.: Nuevos datos acerca de la evolución de la cuenca del Lago de Valencia (Venezuela) durante el pleistoceno superior y el holoceno. - 39 S., 7 Fig., 2 Photos, 1 Karte, 1 Tab. Caracas 1971. (Engl. Original aus dem Geografisch Institut, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgien. Übers. durch A. Kroboth).; Purser, B. H. (ed.): The Persian Gulf - Holocene Carbonate Sedimentation in a Shallow Epicontinental Sea. - 471 S., 250 Abb., 7 Taf., 3 Falttaf. (mit Profilschnitten und Karten). Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973.; Reineck, H. & I. B. Singh: Depositional sedimentary environments with reference to terrigenous clastics. - XVI, 439 S., 579 Fig.. Springer, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York 1973.; Sander, G. & H. Nuhn: Das nördliche Tiefland von Costa Rica. Geographische Regionalanalyse als Grundlage für die Entwicklungsplanung. - Univ. Hamburg, Abh. aus dem Gebiet der Auslandskunde, Bd. 72 - Reihe C (Naturwiss.), Bd. 21: 202 S., 52 Tab., 23 Fig., 29 Karten, 33 Abb.. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin-New York 1971.; Schroecke, H.: Grundlagen der magmatogenen Lagerstättenbildung. - XII, 289 S., 170 Abb., 27 Tab.. F. Enke, Stuttgart 1973.; Schwarzbach, M.: Führer zu geologischen Flugexkursionen in Island. - Sonderveröff. Geol. Inst. Universität Köln, Bd. 22: 47 S., 25 Abb. Köln 1973.; Sinn, P.: Zur Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie des Präwürm im mittleren und südlichen Illergletscher-Vorland. - Heidelberger Geogr. Arb., H. 37: 159 S., 5 Karten, 21 Fig., 13 Abb., 12 Längs-Prof., 11 Tab. Geograph. Inst. Heidelberg 1972.; Stone, W. G., R. Spencer Inch & D. C. P. Lee: Geographic Fundamentals.- 254 S., 204 Abb. (Karten, Photos, Fig., Profile, Tab.). Heinemann Educational Ltd., London 1972.; Stock, P.: Photogeologische und tektonische Untersuchungen am Nordrand des Tibesti-Gebirges, Zentral-Sahara, Tchad. - Berliner Geograph. Abh. 14, 55 S., 47 Abb., 4 Karten. Selbstverlag II. Geograph. Inst. Freie Univ., Berlin 1972.; Tarling, D. H.: Principles and Applications of Palaeomagnetism. - 164 S., 67 Fig.. Chapman & Hall, London 1972.; Thenius, E .: Fossils and the Life of the Past. - Heidelberg Science Library, 14: 194 S., 89 Abb., Geol. Zeittaf., Register. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg - Berlin 1973.; Verstappen, H. TH.: A geomorphological reconnaissance of Sumatra and adjacent islands (Indonesia). - Verh. Royal Dutch Geogr. Soc. (K.N.A.G.) 182 S., 1 geom. Karte, 71 Fig., 77 Photos. Wolters-Noordhoff, Groningen 1973.; Washburn, A. L.: Periglacial processes and environments. - 320 S., zahlr. Fig., Photos u. Tab.. Edward Arnold, London 1973.; Wilkinson, H. R., G. De Boor & A. Thunder: A cartographic Analysis of the changing Bed of the Humber. - University of Hull, Dept. of Geography, Miscellaneous Series No. 14, 1973. Vol. I Text 70 pp., Vol. II, Maps, Diagrams, Tables. Hull 1973..

Screening for apolipoprotein (apo) C-II variants in the plasma of 400 students, 600 patients of a cardiological rehabilitation center, and 1200 patients of an outpatient lipid clinic by isoelectric focusing and subsequent anti-apo C-II immunoblotting led to the identification of four individuals whose plasma samples contained an apo C-II isoform with an abnormal isoelectric point. In all cases direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA assessed a heterozygous A to C transversion in codon 19 of the apo C-II gene which leads to the replacement of lysine with threonine. Two of the four index patients presented with moderate hypertriglyceridemia; one suffered from severe hyperlipidemia, with triglyceride levels ranging between 180 and 1900 mg/dl, depending on dietary changes. Sequencing of this proband's lipoprotein lipase gene showed no alteration compared to the wildtype sequence. A study in his family revealed that heterozygosity for apo C-II(K19T) is not associated with differences in mean lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. In conclusion, apo C-II(K19T) occurs in Germany at a frequency of approximately 1 in 550. Although this variant is not sufficient to cause hypertriglyceridemia, it may be possible that apo C-II(K19T) causes hypertriglyceridemia in the presence of additional as yet unidentified environmental and/or genetic factors.

The effects of s.c. injections of 5 μg oestrone/kg and 50 mg progesterone/kg on Days 5-7 of gestation were investigated in rats fed a protein-free diet. The decrease in essential and non-essential amino acid concentrations in maternal liver and the implantation site caused by dietary protein deficiency was restored to control values, whereas the alterations of the plasma free amino acid concentrations, except for arginine and glycine, were not reversed by hormone treatment.

In rats, the effect of a protein-free diet on the maintenance of gestation was investigated during the early postimplantation stages (Days 7 to 10). The growth kinetics of the implantation site, the concentrations of free amino acids in the implantation sites as well as in the maternal liver and the levels of sex hormones in the maternal serum were determined. The results of these studies showed that in the whole implantation site, the absolute amounts of DNA, RNA and nitrogen were significantly lower in the rats fed a protein-free diet compared to the values for rats fed an optimal protein diet. In rats fed a protein-free diet, the concentrations of essential amino acids decreased in the whole implantation site to the same extent as in the maternal liver. In the case of the non-essential amino acids, however, a significant increase in the concentrations of some of the amino acids was observed in the maternal liver. With regard to the essential amino acid pool, it appears that the liver and the decidua can be regarded as being in a dynamic equilibrium.Peripheral prolactin and progesterone concentrations significantly decreased on Day 8 of gestation, while the amounts of LH and total oestrogens remained unchanged.

Summary In closed-chest cats, anaesthetized with pentobarbital, a comparative study was carried out of the cardiovascular actions of fourß-receptor blocking agents [propanolol, practolol,d(-) INPEA and LB 46] as well as of their antagonism to the effects of isoproterenol. Theß-receptor blocking agents were injected intravenously in increasing doses until the positive inotropic action of isoproterenol was abolished. Changes in maximum rate of rise of ventricular pressure (dp/dt max) were taken as a measure of the inotropic action. Heart rate, enddiastolic ventricular pressure, ventricular pressure, arterial pressure and ECG were recorded. The following results were obtained:1.Propranolol and practolol decreaseddp/dt max to a greater extent than did INPEA, whereas LB 46 in small doses was without effect and at larger doses caused an increase indp/dt max.2.Propranolol caused a more pronounced decrease in heart rate than did practol or INPEA. Small doses of LB 46 decreased the heart rate, but this decrease was not further enhanced by increasing the dose.3.Propranolol, practolol and INPEA decreased systolic and diastolic pressure more markedly than did LB 46.4.The hypotensive action of isoproterenol was antagonized by propranolol, LB 46 or INPEA to a greater extent than its inotropic action; practolol however, had no influence upon the hypotensive action of isoproterenol.5.The enddiastolic ventricular pressure was not affected by theß-adrenergic blocking agents, but was significantly enhanced by a subsequent injection of noradrenaline.

Summary In order to get insight into the synthesis rates occuring in mammalian embryos during the phase of differentiation, wet and dry weight as well as DNA-, RNA-, and nitrogen content of the whole implantation site (day 7 to 10 of gestation) and of the embryos (day 11 to 14) have been determined.

Je eine Probe Isobutylphenol. Chlorisobutylphenol und Divinylbenzol wurde raman-spektralanalytisch untersucht unter Zuhilfenahme von Erwartungsspektren. Diese selbst konnten auf Grund bekannter Gesetzmäßigkeiten von Aromatenspektren abgeleitet werden.

Zusammenfassung Verschiedene Untersuchungen legten den Verdacht nahe, daß die Stagnation der Erythrocyten in der Milz zu Änderungen des Zellstoffwechsels und damit vielleicht zu einer vorzeitigen Hämolyse führen können.

Eggs collected from the oviduct of rats 7–11 hrs after mating have been investigated electronmicroscopically. In two of about 50 eggs we observed in one plane of section the site of perforation through the zona pellucida as well as the penetration of the head of spermium into the cytoplasm of egg. The zona is disintegrated at a circumscript area and a channel is formed. This tube is closed again during the development and is no longer detectable when the egg reaches the two cell stage. The spermium penetrates the egg membrane at a distance of 15–20 µ from the zona channel. Following the perforation the filaments of the zona increase in thickness and aggregate to bundles (zona reaction). Those parts of the spermium which can be localized in the perivitelline space are devoid of a continuous cell membrane. Also the membrane of the acrosome and the nuclear membrane of the sperm are no longer detectable at this stage. Surrounding the penetrating sperm many vesicular structures appear in the perivitelline space. In this process of penetration of the sperm head the cell membrane of the egg is broken down to vesicular subunits. Therefore a period exists in which the egg cell is not surrounded by a continuous cell membrane. The functional significance of the zona pellucida during these events is discussed.

Aus einer großen Zahl von F1-Bastarden der KreuzungSolanum demissum mit der Kultursorte Aquila wurde in mehrjähriger Prüfung ein mit A 6 bezeichneter Stamm als geeignete Testpflanze zum Nachweis von Mosaikviren der Kartoffel ermittelt. Es werden die Versuchsbedingungen mitgeteilt, die bei der Anwendung des Testes eingehalten werden müssen. Die Anwendbarkeit erstreckt sich auf die verschiedenen Typen und Stämme der Kartoffelviren A, X, Y, sowie auf das Rattle-Virus (Stengelbont), das Bukett-ring-spot-Virus und das Aucuba (F/G)-Virus.

In order to elucidate the phase specificity of the embryo-lethal and teratogenic action of actinomycin D (day 5–10 of gestation) rats received 3H-actinomycin D at different times of gestation. The distribution of the radioactivity in the fetus and the placenta was measured. Moreover, the effects of actinomycin D on the RNA polymerase reactions in isolated nuclei of the decidual and fetal tissue were studied. The biochemical results were correlated electron microscopically with specific alterations occurring in different structures of the total implantation sites.

The increase in DNA, RNA, and nitrogen as well as the activity of some enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism were measured during liver development. During the perinatal period (day 18 of gestation until birth) high activities of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase were found which decline in the early suckling period, whereas the activities of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases show a slow continuous increase. During the juvenile period (starting about 4 weeks after birth) the values of all enzymes studied approximate to those measured in liver tissue of adult animals. The correlation of these enzymes with the growth kinetics of liver tissue is discussed.

Isolated, electrically stimulated left guinea-pig atria were incubated at 30° C in a Tyrode solution, the hydrogen ion concentration of which was varied by altering the percentage of the aerating CO2/O2-mixture. The increase of the extracellular hydrogen ion concentration from pH 8.0 to pH 7.0 caused a reduction of the 45calcium uptake and of the contraction force. The positive inotropic effect and the concomitantly occuring increased 45calcium uptake induced by isoprenaline and tyramine were markedly diminished at the lower pH, the response to tyramine being more affected by increased hydrogen ion concentration than that of isoprenaline. This is possibly due to a decrease in noradrenaline available at pH 7.0 for release by tyramine. Isoprenaline and tyramine enhanced the relative specific 45calcium activity (RSA) without altering the total tissue calcium content. On the contrary, the increase of the extracellular calcium concentration caused an augmentation of the relative specific 45calcium activity and the total tissue calcium content.

Summary The effects of estrone plus progesterone on embryonic survival were studied in hypophysectomised pregnant rats. Replacement therapy commenced 24 h prior to the ablation of the pituitary which was performed on day 6 of pregnancy. The number of viable fetuses was correlated with increasing amounts of progesterone from 24 to 84 mg/kg given in concert with a constant dose of 4 µg/kg estrone.