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We examine the origins of threshold voltage ( ${V}_{\text {TH}}{)}$ variability in planar ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) considering process variations and source–drain channel percolation. Using a percolation-aware physics-based multidomain FeFET model, we are able to capture the ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ statistics measured on fabricated devices across different channel dimensions. We show that the bimodal ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ distribution observed in large devices can be explained by percolation, while the transition to monomodal distribution in scaled devices is qualitatively reproduced by the overlapping Pelgrom-type and percolative variabilities in the model. We further demonstrate that in terms of device geometry, the percolation-related FeFET ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ variability is minimized for a channel aspect ratio equal to 1.

In this study, set-up accuracy and time consumption of different image-guidance protocols used for prostate cancer patients were compared. Set-up corrections from 60 prostate cancer patients treated on helical tomotherapy (HT) were used to simulate four types of image-guidance protocols which were based on: (i) a limited number of imaging sessions (IG-1), (ii) reduced registration tasks during daily imaging (IG-2), or (iii) and (iv) mixed methods of imaging (IG-3, IG-4). Each protocol was evaluated for three referencing scenarios based on the first fraction, first three fractions and first five fractions. Residual set-up error, the difference between the average set-up correction and the actual correction required, was used to evaluate the accuracy of each protocol. The first five fractions referencing scenario provides the highest reduction of the margins for each image-guidance protocol evaluated in this study. The first type of protocol is the shortest way to the effective correction of the systematic component of set-up error. For the second type of the protocol, the control of the residual errors is better and, as a result, the reduction of the margins is more significant than that obtained for the first one. Moreover, the second type of the protocol provides the highest accuracy of delivered dose. The result obtained for the fourth type of protocol does not decrease the calculated margins or increase their accuracy in correspondence to the no image guidance scheme. The fourth type of the protocol is not recommended as a protocol to be used to increase the conformity of the dose. The choice of the rest protocols should be validated in the context of (i) institutional practice regarding patient set-up procedure and its time consumption, (ii) acceptable balance between the amount of the dose delivered to the organ at risk and the additional imaging dose and (iii) patient anatomical conditions.

Automatic alignment (matching) of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images is of primary interest in the field of proteomics. The proposed method of 2D gel image matching is based on fuzzy alignment of features, extracted from gels' images, and it allows both global and local interpolation of image grid, followed by brightness interpolation. Method performance is tested on simulated images and gel images available via the Internet databases.

Automatic alignment (matching) of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images is of primary interest in the evolving field of proteomics. In the present study, feature-based matching techniques, in their classical and robust versions, are described, and an automatic method of fuzzy alignment (FA) is introduced. This method allows automatic matching of two gel images with different numbers of features with unknown correspondence. Performance of FA is tested on simulated and real data sets.

Automatic alignment (matching) of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis images is of primary interest in the evolving field of proteomics. In the present study, feature-based matching techniques, in their classical and robust versions, are described, and an automatic method of fuzzy alignment (FA) is introduced. This method allows automatic matching of two gel images with different numbers of features with unknown correspondence. Performance of FA is tested on simulated and real data sets.

As part of a program evaluating homochiral and heterochiral amino- and carboxylic acid-substituted γ-lactams as conformationally constrained dipeptide building blocks, we have synthesized by the solid-phase technique and assessed by X-ray diffraction the crystal-state structure of the terminally blocked homotrimer from (2S,4R)-4-amino-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, characterized by a unique, alternating cis−trans amide sequence. Using computer modeling, we also showed that the rigid conformation of the trimer can be exploited as a template to construct novel linear oligopeptide foldamers and large-ring cyclic correlates with self-recognizing properties.

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