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Es bestehen hinsichtlich der sozialen Isolation und der gesellschaftlichen Reintegration von Palliativpatienten immer noch Defizite in der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung. Zusätzlich dürfen auch die Probleme der pflegenden Angehörigen nicht unberücksichtigt bleiben. Das in Deutschland noch recht junge Versorgungsmodell Tageshospize könnte diesen Problemen entgegenwirken, erfordert aber bestimmte Voraussetzungen (u. a. personell, strukturell, inhaltlich). Einheitliche Zertifizierungen für Tageshospize in Deutschland stehen zurzeit noch aus. Erste Empfehlungen existieren zwar bereits, weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen und Begleitprogramme zum Verlauf und den Erfahrungswerten von Tageshospizen sind jedoch notwendig.

Hintergrund: Tageshospize stellen eine neue Form der ambulanten palliativmedizinischen Versorgung in Deutschland dar. Trotz erster Empfehlungen existieren einheitliche Leitlinien zur inhaltlichen und strukturellen Ausrichtung noch nicht. Ziel der Arbeit: Im Rahmen der IMPULS-Studie (Untersuchung zur Implementierung, Umsetzung und Nutzen eines Tageshospizes) wurden Patienten, Angehörige und Experten zu ihren Erwartungen bezogen auf die Institution Tageshospiz befragt, um die weitere Gestaltung und Umsetzung von Tageshospizen zu optimieren. Material und Methoden: Es wurde ein Leitfaden für die Interviews mit offenen Fragen zu Definition, Zielen und inhaltlichen sowie organisatorischen Aspekten eines Tageshospizes entwickelt. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels hermeneutischer Textinterpretation. Ergebnisse: Elf qualitative Interviews wurden durchgeführt. Ein Tageshospiz sollte v. a. sozialer Isolation von Patienten entgegenwirken, Angehörige entlasten und die palliativ-pflegerische Versorgung sicherstellen. Bevorzugt werden Öffnungszeiten von 8 bis 16 Uhr, geschultes Personal, medizinische Betreuung, Barrierefreiheit, Einzel‑/Gruppenzimmer, ein ansprechendes Ambiente, ein Garten und ein ausgewogenes Beschäftigungsprogramm. Der Name „Tageshospiz“ wird kontrovers diskutiert. Wünschenswert wäre die Weitergabe von Informationen zum Angebot Tageshospiz über Hausärzte/Sozialdienste, digitale Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und flächendeckende Versorgung. Diskussion: Patienten, Angehörige und Experten erwarten von einem Tageshospiz einen positiven Nutzen für dessen Gäste und deren Angehörige. Für die genaue Umsetzung des Projekts „Tageshospiz“ wurden im Rahmen der Interviews praktische Hinweise gegeben. Der weitere Aufbau und die Entwicklung von Tageshospizen bleiben mit Spannung abzuwarten und sollten durch Studien begleitet werden.

Die Versorgung von Patienten mit malignen Erkrankungen wird mit der kontinuierlichen Entwicklung neuer Therapieformern und insbesondere oraler Therapien zunehmend komplexer. Eine kontinuierliche und hochqualifizierte Überwachung ist in zunehmendem Maße erforderlich. Um diesem Anspruch auch in Zukunft gerecht zu werden, stellt die verstärkte Einbindung nicht-ärztlichen Fachpersonals in die Versorgung der Tumorpatienten eine wichtige Option dar. Hierfür existieren aktuell bereits mehrere Modelle. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll beispielhaft ein solches Modell, nämlich die nicht-ärztliche onkologische und hämatologische Pflegesprechstunde, unter Berücksichtigung von existierender Literatur und Erfahrungswerten der Autoren präsentiert werden. Zusammenfassend stellen folgende Gesichtspunkte die wesentlichen Ziele einer nicht-ärztlichen onkologischen und hämatologischen Pflegesprechstunde dar: Erläuterung der jeweiligen Therapieform einschließlich des Nebenwirkungsmanagements; Adhärenzkontrolle; soziale Aspekte und organisatorische Aspekte. Neben der fachlichen Qualifikation der Mitarbeiter, die die Pflegesprechstunde durchführen, müssen auch strukturelle Voraussetzungen zur erfolgreichen Durchführung der Pflegesprechstunde erfüllt werden. Obschon aktuell keine zusätzliche Vergütung der nicht-ärztlichen onkologischen und hämatologischen Pflegesprechstunde vorgesehen ist, hat diese Versorgungsform durchaus das Potenzial, ein fester Bestandteil vor allem der ambulanten Versorgung von Tumorpatienten zu werden und diese sinnvoll zu ergänzen.

We identified 71 patients with AdvSM (aggressive SM [ASM], SM with an associated hematologic neoplasm [SM-AHN, e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, SM-AML], mast cell leukemia [MCL]) in two national registries (DRST/GREM) who received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) performed in Germany from 1999–2021. Median overall survival (OS) of ASM/SM-AHN (n= 30, 45%), SM-AML (n= 28, 39%) and MCL ± AHN (n= 13, 19%) was 9.0, 3.3 and 0.9 years (P= 0.007). Improved median OS was associated with response of SM (17/41, 41%; HR 0.4 [0.2–0.9], P= 0.035) and/or of AHN (26/43, 60%, HR 0.3 [0.1–0.7], P= 0.004) prior to alloHCT. Adverse predictors for OS included absence of KITD816V (10/61, 16%, HR 2.9 [1.2–6.5], P< 0.001) and a complex karyotype (9/60, 15%, HR 4.2 [1.8–10.0], P= 0.016). HLA-match, conditioning type or transplantation at centers reporting above-average alloHCTs (≥7) had no impact on OS. Taking into account competing events at years 1, 3 and 5, relapse-related mortality and non-relapse mortality rate were 15%/23%, 20%/30% and 23%/35%, respectively. Irrespective of subtype, subsequent treatment response was achieved in 13/30 (43%) patients and was highest on midostaurin/avapritinib (7/9, 78%). We conclude that outcome of alloHCT in AdvSM is more affected by disease phenotype and treatment response prior to transplant than by transplant characteristics.

Hintergrund: Die Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) gefährdet Tumorpatienten durch schwere Krankheitsverläufe. Ziel der Arbeit: Die vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dem Impf- und Sicherheitsverhalten von Tumorpatienten bzgl. COVID-19. Material und Methoden: Von 01/2022 bis 03/2022 wurden an drei medizinischen Versorgungszentren (MVZ) in Niederbayern alle Patienten eingeladen, an einer COVID-19-Umfrage teilzunehmen. Hierfür wurde ein Fragebogen mit den Schwerpunkten Schutzmaßnahmen, Impfungen und erlebte Sicherheit entwickelt. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv und mittels des exakten Tests nach Fisher sowie mit multivariablen logistischen Regressionsmodellen. Ergebnisse: 1228 Fragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. 6 % der Patienten waren nicht geimpft. Der Großteil der geimpften Patienten geht davon aus, durch die Impfung vor einem schweren Krankheitsverlauf bzw. komplett geschützt zu sein. Sicherheitsmaßnahmen wurden außerhalb der Familie deutlich strenger gehandhabt als innerhalb. Sicherheitsvorkehrungen in onkologischen Praxen wurden begrüßt. Diskussion: Tumorpatienten zeigen bzgl. einer COVID-19-Infektion ein hohes Sicherheitsbedürfnis, was sich im Einhalten von Schutzmaßnahmen und in der Akzeptanz von Sicherheitsvorkehrungen widerspiegelt. Beide werden im häuslichen Bereich allerdings deutlich weniger eingehalten, sodass der Aufklärung und Impfung von Angehörigen große Bedeutung zukommt. Nichtgeimpfte Tumorpatienten gaben als Grund der Impfverweigerung neben Angst vor Nebenwirkungen (64 %) insbesondere auch Angst vor einer Krankheitsverschlechterung (51 %) an, sodass die Aufklärung dieser Patientengruppe hinsichtlich Impfung und Sicherheitsmaßnahmen besonders intensiv durchgeführt werden sollte.

Genetic lesions of IKZF1are frequent events and well-established markers of adverse risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, their function in the pathophysiology and impact on patient outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains elusive. In a multicenter cohort of 1606 newly diagnosed and intensively treated adult AML patients, we found IKZF1alterations in 45 cases with a mutational hotspot at N159S. AML with mutated IKZF1was associated with alterations in RUNX1, GATA2, KRAS, KIT, SF3B1, and ETV6, while alterations of NPM1, TET2, FLT3-ITD, and normal karyotypes were less frequent. The clinical phenotype of IKZF1-mutated AML was dominated by anemia and thrombocytopenia. In both univariable and multivariable analyses adjusting for age, de novo and secondary AML, and ELN2022 risk categories, we found mutated IKZF1to be an independent marker of adverse risk regarding complete remission rate, event-free, relapse-free, and overall survival. The deleterious effects of mutated IKZF1also prevailed in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n= 519) in both univariable and multivariable models. These dismal outcomes are only partially explained by the hotspot mutation N159S. Our findings suggest a role for IKZF1mutation status in AML risk modeling.

•Reclassification according to the ELN22 recommendations resulted in significantly improved prognostic discrimination for OS.•Given the heterogeneous outcome in patients with secondary-type gene mutations, we suggest reevaluation of risk allocation in these patients.

This research note comprises two interlinked texts. The first is a short essay that, developing ideas from Ulrich Kaiser’s (2009)article on Mozart’s transitions, isolates and theorizes a particular transition pattern (the “Prinner transition”) and then illustrates with a series of analyses. The second is a response from Kaiser clarifying the difference between Gjerdingen’s Prinner and his own 4^−1^(fa–ut) model. The immediate theoretical issues in play involve the relationship between schema theory, formal functions, and voice-leading reduction as well as differences between Anglo-American and Germanic understandings of schemata and models.

Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes are among the most frequent alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can be found in ∼20% of patients at diagnosis. Among 4930 patients (median age, 56 years; interquartile range, 45-66) with newly diagnosed, intensively treated AML, we identified IDH1 mutations in 423 (8.6%) and IDH2 mutations in 575 (11.7%). Overall, there were no differences in response rates or survival for patients with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 compared with patients without mutated IDH1/2. However, distinct clinical and comutational phenotypes of the most common subtypes of IDH1/2 mutations could be associated with differences in outcome. IDH1-R132C was associated with increased age, lower white blood cell (WBC) count, less frequent comutation of NPM1 and FLT3 internal tandem mutation (ITD) as well as with lower rate of complete remission and a trend toward reduced overall survival (OS) compared with other IDH1 mutation variants and wild-type (WT) IDH1/2. In our analysis, IDH2-R172K was associated with significantly lower WBC count, more karyotype abnormalities, and less frequent comutations of NPM1 and/or FLT3-ITD. Among patients within the European LeukemiaNet 2017 intermediate- and adverse-risk groups, relapse-free survival and OS were significantly better for those with IDH2-R172K compared with WT IDH, providing evidence that AML with IDH2-R172K could be a distinct entity with a specific comutation pattern and favorable outcome. In summary, the presented data from a large cohort of patients with IDH1/2 mutated AML indicate novel and clinically relevant findings for the most common IDH mutation subtypes.

Biallelic mutations of the CEBPA gene (CEBPAbi) define a distinct entity associated with favorable prognosis; however, the role of monoallelic mutations (CEBPAsm) is poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed 4708 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who had been recruited into the Study Alliance Leukemia trials, to investigate the prognostic impact of CEBPAsm. CEBPA mutations were identified in 240 patients (5.1%): 131 CEBPAbi and 109 CEBPAsm (60 affecting the N-terminal transactivation domains [CEBPAsmTAD] and 49 the C-terminal DNA-binding or basic leucine zipper region [CEBPAsmbZIP]). Interestingly, patients carrying CEBPAbi or CEBPAsmbZIP shared several clinical factors: they were significantly younger (median, 46 and 50 years, respectively) and had higher white blood cell (WBC) counts at diagnosis (median, 23.7 × 109/L and 35.7 × 109/L) than patients with CEBPAsmTAD (median age, 63 years, median WBC 13.1 × 109/L; P < .001). Co-mutations were similar in both groups: GATA2 mutations (35.1% CEBPAbi; 36.7% CEBPAsmbZIP vs 6.7% CEBPAsmTAD; P < .001) or NPM1 mutations (3.1% CEBPAbi; 8.2% CEBPAsmbZIP vs 38.3% CEBPAsmTAD; P < .001). CEBPAbi and CEBPAsmbZIP, but not CEBPAsmTAD were associated with significantly improved overall (OS; median 103 and 63 vs 13 months) and event-free survival (EFS; median, 20.7 and 17.1 months vs 5.7 months), in univariate and multivariable analyses. Additional analyses revealed that the clinical and molecular features as well as the favorable survival were confined to patients with in-frame mutations in bZIP (CEBPAbZIP-inf). When patients were classified according to CEBPAbZIP-inf and CEBPAother (including CEBPAsmTAD and non-CEBPAbZIP-inf), only patients bearing CEBPAbZIP-inf showed superior complete remission rates and the longest median OS and EFS, arguing for a previously undefined prognostic role of this type of mutation.

Biallelic mutations of the CEBPAgene (CEBPAbi) define a distinct entity associated with favorable prognosis; however, the role of monoallelic mutations (CEBPAsm) is poorly understood. We retrospectively analyzed 4708 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who had been recruited into the Study Alliance Leukemia trials, to investigate the prognostic impact of CEBPAsm. CEBPAmutations were identified in 240 patients (5.1%): 131 CEBPAbiand 109 CEBPAsm(60 affecting the N-terminal transactivation domains [CEBPAsmTAD] and 49 the C-terminal DNA-binding or basic leucine zipper region [CEBPAsmbZIP]). Interestingly, patients carrying CEBPAbior CEBPAsmbZIPshared several clinical factors: they were significantly younger (median, 46 and 50 years, respectively) and had higher white blood cell (WBC) counts at diagnosis (median, 23.7 × 109/L and 35.7 × 109/L) than patients with CEBPAsmTAD(median age, 63 years, median WBC 13.1 × 109/L; P< .001). Co-mutations were similar in both groups: GATA2mutations (35.1% CEBPAbi; 36.7% CEBPAsmbZIPvs 6.7% CEBPAsmTAD; P< .001) or NPM1mutations (3.1% CEBPAbi; 8.2% CEBPAsmbZIPvs 38.3% CEBPAsmTAD; P< .001). CEBPAbiand CEBPAsmbZIP, but not CEBPAsmTADwere associated with significantly improved overall (OS; median 103 and 63 vs 13 months) and event-free survival (EFS; median, 20.7 and 17.1 months vs 5.7 months), in univariate and multivariable analyses. Additional analyses revealed that the clinical and molecular features as well as the favorable survival were confined to patients with in-frame mutations in bZIP (CEBPAbZIP-inf). When patients were classified according to CEBPAbZIP-infand CEBPAother(including CEBPAsmTADand non-CEBPAbZIP-inf), only patients bearing CEBPAbZIP-infshowed superior complete remission rates and the longest median OS and EFS, arguing for a previously undefined prognostic role of this type of mutation.

Hintergrund: COVID-19 betrifft im ambulanten Bereich vor allem auch Palliativpatienten, die im Rahmen der spezialisierten ambulanten Palliativversorgung (SAPV) versorgt werden. Zur Vermeidung von Infektionen wurde die Implementierung von neuen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen und telemedizinischen Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten in die an der Studie beteiligten SAPV erforderlich. Ziel der Arbeit: Die Studie untersucht die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf die persönlichen und sozialen Probleme von Palliativpatienten und ihre Erfahrungen mit der betreuenden SAPV. Material und Methoden: 20 SAPV-Patienten wurden in halbstrukturierten Telefoninterviews zu ihren Problemen im Zusammenhang mit der Pandemie und Erfahrungen mit der SAPV-Betreuung befragt. Ergebnisse: Angst vor Einsamkeit und Infektion belasten Palliativpatienten sehr. Die meisten Patienten wollten Krankenhausaufenthalte wegen erhöhter Infektionsgefahr vermeiden. Schutzmaßnahmen der SAPV gaben ihnen ein Gefühl der Sicherheit und wurden trotz Einschränkung des persönlichen Kontakts akzeptiert. Moderne Kommunikationsformen waren nützlich, konnten aber den persönlichen Kontakt nicht ersetzen. Diskussion: Die Pandemie führte zu Veränderungen in der SAPV und hatte Auswirkungen auf das soziale Umfeld von Palliativpatienten. Schutzmaßnahmen sind für das Sicherheitsgefühl der betreuten Palliativpatienten wichtig. Die Versorgungsqualität der an COVID-19 angepassten SAPV-Struktur wird von den Patienten meist nicht als verschlechtert wahrgenommen. Ängste vor sozialer Isolation nehmen bei den Palliativpatienten einen hohen Stellenwert ein und können durch die SAPV abgebaut werden. Der persönliche Kontakt zur SAPV kann durch moderne Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten nicht ersetzt werden, wobei die Patienten Telemedizin im Sinne einer „Notlösung“ durchaus akzeptieren.

The tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) is an important regulator of RAS signaling and frequently affected by mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the relevance for leukemogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target, the prognostic role is controversial. To investigate the prognostic impact of PTPN11mutations, we analyzed 1529 adult AML patients using next-generation sequencing. PTPN11mutations were detected in 106 of 1529 (6.93%) patients (median VAF: 24%) in dominant (36%) and subclonal (64%) configuration. Patients with PTPN11mutations were associated with concomitant mutations in NPM1(63%), DNMT3A(37%), and NRAS(21%) and had a higher rate of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) favorable cytogenetics (57.8% vs 39.1%; P< .001) and higher white blood cell counts (P= .007) compared with PTPN11wild-type patients. In a multivariable analysis, PTPN11mutations were independently associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; P< .001), relapse-free survival (HR: 1.52; P= .013), and a lower rate of complete remission (odds ratio: 0.46; P= .008). Importantly, the deleterious effect of PTPN11mutations was confined predominantly to the ELN favorable-risk group and patients with subclonal PTPN11mutations (HR: 2.28; P< .001) but not found with dominant PTPN11mutations (HR: 1.07; P= .775), presumably because of significant differences within the rate and spectrum of associated comutations. In conclusion, our data suggest an overall poor prognostic impact of PTPN11mutations in AML, which is significantly modified by the underlying cytogenetics and the clonal context in which they occur.

The tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11) is an important regulator of RAS signaling and frequently affected by mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite the relevance for leukemogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target, the prognostic role is controversial. To investigate the prognostic impact of PTPN11 mutations, we analyzed 1529 adult AML patients using next-generation sequencing. PTPN11 mutations were detected in 106 of 1529 (6.93%) patients (median VAF: 24%) in dominant (36%) and subclonal (64%) configuration. Patients with PTPN11 mutations were associated with concomitant mutations in NPM1 (63%), DNMT3A (37%), and NRAS (21%) and had a higher rate of European LeukemiaNet (ELN) favorable cytogenetics (57.8% vs 39.1%; P < .001) and higher white blood cell counts (P = .007) compared with PTPN11 wild-type patients. In a multivariable analysis, PTPN11 mutations were independently associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; P < .001), relapse-free survival (HR: 1.52; P = .013), and a lower rate of complete remission (odds ratio: 0.46; P = .008). Importantly, the deleterious effect of PTPN11 mutations was confined predominantly to the ELN favorable-risk group and patients with subclonal PTPN11 mutations (HR: 2.28; P < .001) but not found with dominant PTPN11 mutations (HR: 1.07; P = .775), presumably because of significant differences within the rate and spectrum of associated comutations. In conclusion, our data suggest an overall poor prognostic impact of PTPN11 mutations in AML, which is significantly modified by the underlying cytogenetics and the clonal context in which they occur.

Early results of the randomized placebo-controlled SORAML trial showed that, in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), sorafenib led to a significant improvement in event-free (EFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). In order to describe second-line treatments and their implications on overall survival (OS), we performed a study after a median follow-up time of 78 months. Newly diagnosed fit AML patients aged ≤60 years received sorafenib (n= 134) or placebo (n= 133) in addition to standard chemotherapy and as maintenance treatment. The 5-year EFS was 41 versus 27% (HR 0.68; p= 0.011) and 5-year RFS was 53 versus 36% (HR 0.64; p= 0.035). Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo SCT) was performed in 88% of the relapsed patients. Four years after salvage allo SCT, the cumulative incidence of relapse was 54 versus 35%, and OS was 32 versus 50%. The 5-year OS from randomization in all study patients was 61 versus 53% (HR 0.82; p= 0.282). In conclusion, the addition of sorafenib to chemotherapy led to a significant prolongation of EFS and RFS. Although the OS benefit did not reach statistical significance, these results confirm the antileukaemic activity of sorafenib.

Orale Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor (TKI)-Therapien werden zunehmend wichtiger in der Therapie maligner Erkrankungen. Die Therapiekontrolle mit Fokus auf Adhärenz, Nebenwirkungen und Interaktionen stellt die Medizin vor neue Herausforderungen. Die Rolle und die Möglichkeiten von Hausärzt*innen in der Versorgung von TKI-Patient*innen sind bislang unklar und sollen in einer deutschlandweiten Umfrage erfasst werden.

The Matutes score (MS) was proposed to differentiate chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from other B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHLs). However, ambiguous immunophenotypes are common and remain a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic benefit of measuring CD200 and CD43 expression together with the standard MS antigens. 138 lymphoma patient samples and a validation cohort of 138 additive samples were classified according to the standard MS and further assigned with one or two additional points, for high CD200 and/or CD43 expression levels. The “classical” MS and the “Matutes score‐extended” (MS‐e) were categorized as high (4‐5/6‐7), intermediate (2‐3/4‐5), and low (0‐1/0‐3). Samples were reclassified into the MS‐e with focus on ambiguous cases with an intermediate “classical” MS. A total of 35 of 138 (25.4%) patient samples were assigned to the intermediate MS group and confirmed by histopathological reports as CLL (14/40.0%) and B‐NHLs other than CLL (21/60%). MS‐e analysis identified 13 of 14 (92.9%) of CLL cases (MS‐e 4–5) and 18/21 (85.7%) non‐CLL cases (MS‐e ≤ 3) correctly. Overall, the sensitivity of the CLL diagnosis was significantly increased by application of MS‐e compared to the “classical” MS (98.8% vs. 82.7%; p= 0.0009), while specificity of both methods was almost equal (94.7% vs. 98.3%; p= 0.4795). Of note, sole measurement of CD43 and CD200 on B‐cells sufficiently differentiated CLL from non‐CLL with a test accuracy superior to the “classical” MS (F1 score 96.2 vs. 93.6). CD200 and CD43 have a high informative value in diagnostic immunophenotyping and facilitate the separation of CLL from other B‐NHLs particularly in ambiguous cases.

In fit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), immediate treatment start is recommended due to the poor prognosis of untreated acute leukemia. We explored the relationship between time from diagnosis to treatment start (TDT) and prognosis in a large real-world data set from the German Study Alliance Leukemia-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (SAL-AML) registry. All registered non-acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with intensive induction treatment and a minimum 12 months of follow-up were selected (n = 2263). We analyzed influence of TDT on remission, early death, and overall survival (OS) in univariable analyses for each day of treatment delay, in groups of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and >15 days of TDT, adjusted for influence of established prognostic variables on outcomes. Median TDT was 3 days (interquartile range, 2-7). Unadjusted 2-year OS rates, stratified by TDT of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and >15 days, were 51%, 48%, 44%, and 50% (P = .211). In multivariable Cox regression analysis accounting for established prognostic variables, the TDT hazard ratio as a continuous variable was 1.00 (P = .617). In OS analyses, separately stratified for age ≤60 and >60 years and for high vs lower initial white blood cell count, no significant differences between TDT groups were observed. Our study suggests that TDT is not related to survival. As stratification in intensive first-line AML treatment evolves, TDT data suggest that it may be a feasible approach to wait for genetic and other laboratory test results so that clinically stable patients are assigned the best available treatment option. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03188874.

In fit patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), immediate treatment start is recommended due to the poor prognosis of untreated acute leukemia. We explored the relationship between time from diagnosis to treatment start (TDT) and prognosis in a large real-world data set from the German Study Alliance Leukemia–Acute Myeloid Leukemia (SAL-AML) registry. All registered non–acute promyelocytic leukemia patients with intensive induction treatment and a minimum 12 months of follow-up were selected (n = 2263). We analyzed influence of TDT on remission, early death, and overall survival (OS) in univariable analyses for each day of treatment delay, in groups of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and >15 days of TDT, adjusted for influence of established prognostic variables on outcomes. Median TDT was 3 days (interquartile range, 2-7). Unadjusted 2-year OS rates, stratified by TDT of 0 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, and >15 days, were 51%, 48%, 44%, and 50% (P= .211). In multivariable Cox regression analysis accounting for established prognostic variables, the TDT hazard ratio as a continuous variable was 1.00 (P= .617). In OS analyses, separately stratified for age ≤60 and >60 years and for high vs lower initial white blood cell count, no significant differences between TDT groups were observed. Our study suggests that TDT is not related to survival. As stratification in intensive first-line AML treatment evolves, TDT data suggest that it may be a feasible approach to wait for genetic and other laboratory test results so that clinically stable patients are assigned the best available treatment option. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.govas #NCT03188874.

Patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice may often not meet the strict inclusion criteria of clinical trials. Our aim was to assess the trial eligibility of patients with mNSCLC treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy in real-world and to compare the outcome of “trial-ineligible” and “potentially trial-eligible” patients.

Hintergrund:: Schwerkranke Patienten sind häufig von sozialer Isolation betroffen, die zur Verminderung der Lebensqualität führt. Obwohl positive Daten aus dem Bereich adventure therapyfür vor allem jugendliche Krebspatienten vorliegen, existieren für Palliativpatienten kaum derartige Angebote. Das Onkologisch-Palliativmedizinische Netzwerk Landshut greift dieses Problem mit dem Projekt „Integration von Tumorpatienten in unsere Gesellschaft” auf. Methoden:: Im Rahmen von organisierten und fachlich betreuten Ausflügen wird schwerkranken Palliativpatienten die Möglichkeit der Teilnahme am gesellschaftlichen Leben geboten. Mithilfe eines eigens entwickelten Evaluationsbogens wurden nach jedem Ausflug alle Teilnehmer zu den Bereichen Teilnahme am gesellschaftlichen Leben, Bedeutung der Ausflüge, Einschätzung zur Betreuung und Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität befragt. Da einige Patienten an mehreren Ausflügen teilnahmen, ist die Zahl der Befragten höher als die der Patienten. Zusätzlich gaben zwei Patienten Kurz-Statements zu den Ausflügen ab. Ergebnisse:: Innerhalb von zwei Jahren nahmen 101 Patienten, d.h. durchschnittlich 29 % der zu Ausflügen eingeladenen Patienten, im Schnitt 2,4-mal an insgesamt 11 Ausflügen teil. 232 Evaluationsbögen wurden korrekt ausgefüllt und konnten ausgewertet werden. 93,1 % der Befragten gaben eine Verbesserung von Lebensqualität und Lebensfreude an, 93,5 % maßen der Teilnahme am gesellschaftlichen Leben eine große Bedeutung zu. Schlussfolgerungen:: Wie Evaluationsbögen und Kurz-Statements zeigten, konnte bei fast allen Patienten eine Steigerung von Lebensqualität und Lebensfreude erreicht werden. Damit stellen organisierte Ausflüge ein neues Beschäftigungsinstrument in der palliativen Versorgung schwerkranker Patienten dar.

Hintergrund:: Als Weiterentwicklung des §116b SGB V trat im Jahr 2012 die gesetzliche Grundlage für die ambulante spezialfachärztliche Versorgung (ASV) von komplexen, seltenen und schwer therapierbaren Erkrankungen in Deutschland in Kraft. Zielsetzung ist u.a. eine intensivierte interdisziplinäre Patientenversorgung – sowohl durch ambulant als auch stationär tätige Ärzte. In dieser Erhebung sollen nun erstmals die Erfahrungen mit einer „ASV für gastrointestinale Tumore und Tumore der Bauchhöhle” aus Sicht von Hausärzten und Patienten systematisch erfasst werden. Methoden:: Nach einem Jahr ASV-Tätigkeit wurden alle, im Einzugsgebiet der untersuchten ASV praktizierenden Hausärzte sowie alle vom 1.7.2015 bis zum 30.6.201 6 durch die ASV versorgten Patienten in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Die Erfassung von Zufriedenheit und Erfahrung mit der ASV erfolgte für Hausärzte mittels eines hierzu entwickelten Fragebogens und für die ASV-Patien-ten mittels des Fragebogens „Zufriedenheit in der ambulanten Versorgung – Qualität aus Patientenperspektive”. Ergebnisse:: Von 160 behandelten ASV-Patienten konnten 71 in die Befragung eingeschlossen werden. Die skalierte (0–100) Zufriedenheit mit der ASV lag für die Dimensionen „Organisation” bei 82, „Information” bei 78, „Interaktion” bei 87, „Fachkompetenz” bei 88 und „Einbindung in EntScheidungsprozesse” bei 77. Von 163 angefragten Hausärzten nahmen 46 an der Untersuchung teil. 80 % war die ASV als Institution bekannt, 50 % kannten ein lokales ASV-Team. 78 % hatten Interesse an einer Zusammenarbeit mit der ASV und 76 % wünschten sich weitergehende Informationen. Schlussfolgerungen:: Insgesamt zeigt sich – unter Berücksichtigung einiger Kritikpunkte – bei den befragten Patienten ein positiver Trend in der Bewertung der ASV als neue Versorgungsstruktur im Gesundheitswesen. Von Seiten der Hausärzte konnte Interesse an einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit mit der ASV nachgewiesen werden.

Purpose

Rituximab plus chemotherapy, most often CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), is the first-line standard of care for patients with advanced indolent lymphoma, and for elderly patients with mantle-cell lymphoma. Bendamustine plus rituximab is effective for relapsed or refractory disease. We compared bendamustine plus rituximab with CHOP plus rituximab (R-CHOP) as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas.

The paper describes simple econometric methods for the analysis of default risk and applies them to a data set obtained from credit files taken from six large German universal banks. The paper focuses on probit and logit models which enable the credit analyst to quantify the default probability of an individual credit. Recent developments in the analysis of panel data are also outlined. Empirical illustrations of the methods facilitate the understanding of the econometric models described in the paper. Numerous suggestions for further reading complete this short walk down the econometric quantification of default risk.

Virtually all empirical firm-level studies on the demand for heterogeneous labor do not include labor cost in the econometric specification. This is due to the fact that business and innovation survey data usually lack differentiated information on labor cost. This paper shows how reliable skill-specific and firm-specific labor cost can be calculated from firm-level data on the basis of information on total labor cost and firms' skill mix only. The simple method proposed here is applied to German innovation survey data.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that is treated in medically fit patients with intensive induction chemotherapy (IT) and postremission therapy to achieve a complete and long-term remission. The incidence of obesity in the general population is steadily increasing and has been identified as a major risk factor for all-cause mortality. Despite previous studies assessing the role of obesity in AML patients undergoing IT, there is an ongoing debate on the impact of obesity on patient outcome as well as the optimal dosing strategy in obese AML patients.

Schliemann: Boehringer-Ingelheim: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Philogen S.p.A.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Krause: Siemens: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; art-tempi: Honoraria; Kosmas: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: travel support; Abbvie: Other: travel support. Haenel: Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy; Bayer Vital: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Fransecky: Amgen: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria; Medac: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Burchert: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; AOP Orphan: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Gilead: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria. Crysandt: Incyte: Honoraria; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Müller-Tidow: Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bioline: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding. Platzbecker: Celgene/BMS: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Geron: Honoraria. Baldus: Jazz: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria.

Krause: Siemens: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; art-tempi: Honoraria; Kosmas: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: travel support; Abbvie: Other: travel support. Schliemann: Philogen S.p.A.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Astellas: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Boehringer-Ingelheim: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Haenel: Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy; Bayer Vital: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Brummendorf: Takepart Media: Honoraria; Repeat Diagnostics: Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Bristol Myers: Research Funding. Fransecky: Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Medac: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Einsele: Janssen, Celgene/BMS, Amgen, GSK, Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Held: MSD: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Acortech Biopharma: Research Funding; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Platzbecker: Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Geron: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Baldus: Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria. Mueller-Tidow: Janssen Cilag: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bioline: Consultancy, Research Funding.

Röllig: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Meyer-Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding. Stelljes: Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Medac: Speakers Bureau; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Kite/Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Gaidzik: Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Unglaub: Novartis: Consultancy, Other: travel costs/ conference fee; JazzPharma: Consultancy, Other: travel costs/ conference fee. Thol: Abbvie: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Jazz: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Krause: Siemens: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; art-tempi: Honoraria; Kosmas: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: travel support; Abbvie: Other: travel support. Haenel: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bayer Vital: Honoraria; Jazz: Consultancy, Honoraria; GSK: Consultancy. Vucinic: Novartis: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel Sponsoring; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Travel Sponsoring; Gilead: Honoraria, Other: Travel Sponsoring; MSD: Honoraria. Fransecky: Novartis: Honoraria; Medac: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Holtick: Celgene: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Kobbe: Celgene: Research Funding. Holderried: Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSD: Speakers Bureau; Daiichi Sankyo: Other: travel support; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Therakos: Other: Travel support; Janssen: Other: Travel support; Abbvie: Other: Travel support; Eurocept Pharmaceuticals: Other: Travel support; Medac: Other: Travel support. Heuser: Astellas: Research Funding; Bayer AG: Honoraria, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Research Funding; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; BergenBio: Research Funding; Daichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Tolremo: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Sauer: Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Matterhorn Biosciences AG: Consultancy, Other: DSMB/SAB Member; Takeda: Consultancy, Other: DSMB/SAB Member. Goetze: Abbvie: Other: Advisory Board; BMS/Celgene: Other: Advisory Board, Research Funding. Döhner: Jazz Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Agios and Astex: Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria, Other: Advisory Board; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Döhner: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Agios: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Helsinn: Honoraria; GEMoaB: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astex Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Berlin-Chemie: Honoraria; Oxford Biomedica: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria. Schliemann: Philogen S.p.A.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Astellas: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Boehringer-Ingelheim: Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Other: travel grants; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Schetelig: Roche: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; Novartis: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; BMS: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; Gilead: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: lecture fees . Germing: Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Other: advisory activity, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Schroeder: JAZZ: Honoraria, Research Funding.

The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule NCAM is a membrane glycoprotein and belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed on neural cells as well as on various neuroendocrine tumors and can be detected in sera of patients with small cell lung cancer. Its role is attributed to tumor invasion and formation of metastases. Malignant plasma cells and a subset of plasma cells from patients with monoclonal gammopathy exhibit surface expression of NCAM whereas normal plasma cells do not express NCAM. Expression as measured by flow cytometry using anti-CD56 antibodies does not seem to correlate with clinical course, however leukemic myelomas and myeloma cell lines tend to loose NCAM surface expression.An isoform of NCAM which is rich in polysialic acids and characteristic for embryonal NCAM (eNCAM) has been shown to be elevated in sera of patients with multiple myeloma using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Patients with progressive myeloma tend to have high serum NCAM levels above the normal range of 20 U/ml. Analysis of 125 myeloma patients suggest that serum NCAM is a valuable parameter for tumor progression rather than tumor mass. Increase in serum NCAM may be associated with loss of adhesive function.

Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) and IDH2genes are amongst the most frequent alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can be found in ~20% of patients at diagnosis. Among4930 patients (median age 56 years, interquartile range 45-66) with newly diagnosed, intensively treated AML,wehave identified IDH1mutations (mIDH1) in 423 (8.6%) and IDH2mutations (mIDH2)in575 (11.7%) patients.Overall, there were no differences in response rates or survival for patients with mIDH1or mIDH2compared to patients without mutated IDH1/2. However, distinct clinical and co-mutational phenotypes of the most common subtypes of IDH1/2 mutations could be associated with differences in outcome.

Krämer: Daiichi-Sankyo: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hänel:Roche: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Celgene: Other: advisory board; Novartis: Honoraria; Takeda: Other: advisory board. Jost:Daiichi: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: travel grants; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Brümmendorf:Merck: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen: Employment; Ariad: Consultancy. Krause:Siemens: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; MSD: Honoraria; Gilead: Other: travel; Celgene Corporation: Other: Travel. Scholl:Novartis: Other: Project funding; Pfizer: Other: Advisory boards; Gilead: Other: Project funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Other: Advisory boards; AbbVie: Other: Advisory boards. Hochhaus:Pfizer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding. Kiani:Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Middeke:Sanofi: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy. Thiede:AgenDix GmbH: Employment, Equity Ownership; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Speakers Bureau. Stoelzel:JAZZ Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Neovii: Other: Travel funding; Shire: Consultancy, Other: Travel funding. Platzbecker:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.

Middeke: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rollig:Bayer: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Scholl:Jazz Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbivie: Other: Travel support; Alexion: Other: Travel support; MDS: Other: Travel support; Novartis: Other: Travel support; Deutsche Krebshilfe: Research Funding; Carreras Foundation: Research Funding; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hochhaus:Pfizer: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding. Brümmendorf:Janssen: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding. Burchert:AOP Orphan: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Krause:Novartis: Research Funding. Hänel:Amgen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. Platzbecker:Celgene: Research Funding. Mayer:Eisai: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding. Serve:Bayer: Research Funding. Ehninger:Cellex Gesellschaft fuer Zellgewinnung mbH: Employment, Equity Ownership; Bayer: Research Funding; GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH: Employment, Equity Ownership. Thiede:AgenDix: Other: Ownership; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Middeke: Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rollig:Bayer: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Kramer:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bayer: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Consultancy. Scholl:Alexion: Other: Travel support; Abbivie: Other: Travel support; Novartis: Other: Travel support; Deutsche Krebshilfe: Research Funding; Carreras Foundation: Research Funding; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MDS: Other: Travel support; Jazz Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hochhaus:Incyte: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Brümmendorf:Takeda: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding. Burchert:Novartis: Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding; AOP Orphan: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding. Krause:Novartis: Research Funding. Hänel:Amgen: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Platzbecker:Celgene: Research Funding. Mayer:Johnson & Johnson: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; Eisai: Research Funding; Affimed: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Serve:Bayer: Research Funding. Ehninger:Cellex Gesellschaft fuer Zellgewinnung mbH: Employment, Equity Ownership; Bayer: Research Funding; GEMoaB Monoclonals GmbH: Employment, Equity Ownership. Schetelig:Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Thiede:AgenDix: Other: Ownership; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. Stoelzel:Neovii: Speakers Bureau.

Purpose:

Purpose