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1. Von der Theorie in die Praxis: Wie Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodelle schon heute helfen, die wissenschaftlichen Fragen von morgen zu beantworten.

Author

Karras, Oliver

Subjects
LANGUAGE models, KNOWLEDGE graphs, KNOWLEDGE base, KNOWLEDGE representation (Information theory), DIGITAL transformation
Abstract

Copyright of Information -- Wissenschaft und Praxis is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2025
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3. Von der Theorie in die Praxis: Wie Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodelle schon heute helfen, die wissenschaftlichen Fragen von morgen zu beantworten

Author

Karras, Oliver

Abstract

Während die digitale Transformation in vielen Lebensbereichen bereits weit fortgeschritten ist, hat die Wissenschaft das volle Potenzial der Digitalisierung bisher nicht ausgeschöpft. Es besteht ein dringender Bedarf, diese voranzutreiben. Für diesen Zweck ist es erforderlich, über die traditionelle, dokumentenbasierte Darstellung von Daten und Wissen hinauszugehen, um sowohl dem Menschen als auch der Maschine die effiziente Nutzung dieser Informationen zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen zu ermöglichen. In diesem Kontext sind Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodelle vielversprechende Technologien. Der vorliegende Artikel betrachtet theoretisch und anhand von Praxisbeispielen, wie Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodelle jeweils einzeln als auch kombiniert zur Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen beitragen. Wissensgraphen bieten eine strukturierte und vernetzte Darstellung von Daten und Wissen, die eine Kontextualisierung und umfassende Analyse der Informationen ermöglichen. Sprachmodelle hingegen erleichtern die Interaktion mit großen allgemeinen Wissensbeständen durch natürliche Sprache. Der größte Mehrwert bei der Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen lässt sich aber durch die Kombination beider Technologien erreichen. Die Synergien, die durch die Kombination von Wissensgraphen und Sprachmodellen entstehen, vereinen die Stärken beider Ansätze und ermöglichen eine präzisere und umfassende Beantwortung wissenschaftlicher Fragen. Zukünftige Forschung muss sich darauf konzentrieren, diese Kombination weiter zu optimieren und neue Anwendungsmöglichkeiten zu erschließen, um das volle Potenzial beider Technologien auszuschöpfen.

Published
2025
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4. Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation

Author

Doglioni, Ginevra, Fernández-García, Juan, Igelmann, Sebastian, Altea-Manzano, Patricia, Blomme, Arnaud, La Rovere, Rita, Liu, Xiao-Zheng, Liu, Yawen, Tricot, Tine, Nobis, Max, An, Ning, Leclercq, Marine, El Kharraz, Sarah, Karras, Panagiotis, Hsieh, Yu-Heng, Solari, Fiorella A., Martins Nascentes Melo, Luiza, Allies, Gabrielle, Scopelliti, Annalisa, Rossi, Matteo, Vermeire, Ines, Broekaert, Dorien, Ferreira Campos, Ana Margarida, Neven, Patrick, Maetens, Marion, Van Baelen, Karen, Alkan, H. Furkan, Planque, Mélanie, Floris, Giuseppe, Sickmann, Albert, Tasdogan, Alpaslan, Marine, Jean-Christophe, Scheele, Colinda L. G. J., Desmedt, Christine, Bultynck, Geert, Close, Pierre, and Fendt, Sarah-Maria

Abstract

Lung metastases occur in up to 54% of patients with metastatic tumours1,2. Contributing factors to this high frequency include the physical properties of the pulmonary system and a less oxidative environment that may favour the survival of cancer cells3. Moreover, secreted factors from primary tumours alter immune cells and the extracellular matrix of the lung, creating a permissive pre-metastatic environment primed for the arriving cancer cells4,5. Nutrients are also primed during pre-metastatic niche formation6. Yet, whether and how nutrients available in organs in which tumours metastasize confer cancer cells with aggressive traits is mostly undefined. Here we found that pulmonary aspartate triggers a cellular signalling cascade in disseminated cancer cells, resulting in a translational programme that boosts aggressiveness of lung metastases. Specifically, we observe that patients and mice with breast cancer have high concentrations of aspartate in their lung interstitial fluid. This extracellular aspartate activates the ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor in cancer cells, which promotes CREB-dependent expression of deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH). DOHH is essential for hypusination, a post-translational modification that is required for the activity of the non-classical translation initiation factor eIF5A. In turn, a translational programme with TGFβ signalling as a central hub promotes collagen synthesis in lung-disseminated breast cancer cells. We detected key proteins of this mechanism in lung metastases from patients with breast cancer. In summary, we found that aspartate, a classical biosynthesis metabolite, functions in the lung environment as an extracellular signalling molecule to promote aggressiveness of metastases.

Published
2025
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5. Atteintes rénales associées aux hémopathies myéloïdes chroniques.

Author

d'Izarny-Gargas, Thibaut, Isnard, Pierre, Terinte-Balcan, George, Rabant, Marion, Karras, Alexandre, and Duong-Van-Huyen, Jean-Paul

Abstract

Les néphropathies survenant dans le contexte d'hémopathies myéloïdes sont mal connues, mais plusieurs études récentes ont amélioré leur description et précisé les liens avec la nature de l'hémopathie et son pronostic. Nous proposons dans cette revue de résumer les principales données concernant les atteintes rénales rencontrées au cours des néoplasies myéloprolifératives, des néoplasies myélodysplasiques et de la leucémie myélomonocytaire chronique. Kidney involvement is a little-known complication of myeloid neoplasms, but recent studies have furthered the description of these diseases and outlined their links with the type of neoplasm and its prognosis. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge regarding kidney diseases encountered in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic neoplasms and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Yttrium-90 anti-CD25 BEAM conditioning for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in Peripheral T-cell lymphoma

Author

Zain, Jasmine, Tsai, Ni-Chun, Palmer, Joycelynne, Simpson, Jennifer, Adhikarla, Vikram, Bading, James R., Yazaki, Paul, Smith, Eileen P., Dandapani, Savita, Song, Joo Y., Karras, Nicole A., Herrera, Alex F., Salhotra, Amandeep, Nademanee, Auayporn P., Nakamura, Ryotaro, Smith, D. Lynne, Yamauchi, David, Poku, Erasmus K., Biglang-Awa, V. Eric, Colcher, David, Shively, John E., Wu, Anna M., Forman, Stephen J., Wong, Jeffrey, and Thomas, Sandra

Abstract

•90Y–anti-CD25 aTac BEAM AHCT was safe and tolerable in patients with relapsed/refractory PTCL.•90Y–anti-CD25 aTac BEAM AHCT was associated with encouraging outcomes in relapsed/refractory PTCL.

Published
2024
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8. Postoperative Complications and Mobilization Following Major Abdominal Surgery With Versus Without Fitness Tracker-based Feedback (EXPELLIARMUS)

Author

Mihaljevic, Andre L., André, Mihaljevic, Niall, Brindl, Pia-Elena, Frey, Mirco, Friedrich, Nico, Gläser, Julia, Gsenger, Maximilian, Joos, Charlotte, Kuner, Franziska, Leichtle, Max, Pilgrim, Thomas, Rösch, Marius, Schwab, Alexander, Studier-Fischer, Thomas, Tu, Colette, Doerr-Harim, Solveig, Tenckhoff, Manuel, Feißt, Christina, Klose, Johannes, Vey, Christina, Klose, Lydia, Beck, Niall, Brindl, Radina-Ivaylova, Dimitrova, Nico, Gläser, Pia, Jerger, Maximilian, Joos, Johanna, Kirschall, Kosmidou, Anastasia, Charlotte, Kuner, Franziska, Leichtle, Sonja, Röder, Julia-Franziska, Schuhmacher, Marius, Schwab, Till, Seiboldt, Christoph, Steidle, Rico, Wiesenberger, André, Mihaljevic, Colette, Doerr-Harim, Manuel, Feißt, Steffen, Axt, Celine, Höver, Jana, Riecke, Dario, Von Wedel, Constantin, Wolff, Julia, Zollfrank, Julia, Babigian, Robert, Bernhardt, Anne Marie Desiree, De Albuquerque Leinenbach, Gerlinde, Freimark, Felix, Hambitzer, Niki, Katsara-Antonakea, Hanna, Kloepfel, Johannes, Kraume, Niklas, Krug, Daniel, Lewin, Marc, Schefold, Philip, Schenkenberger, Rachel, Schmargon, Clara Friederike, Speckmann, Lisa-Marie, Weber, Jonas, Woamey, Vincent-Noah, Von Lipinski, Jens, Neudecker, Viet Hoang, Nguyen, Mariam, Al-Wassiti, Patrick, Kunik, Niklas, Mertig Leon, Sara Fatima, Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Zeynep, Berkarda, Margarete, Rocher Liesa, Markus, Diener, Christoph, Gerdes, Sophie, Heisler, Louise, Aicher Marie, Lena, Aperdannier, Tammy, Dölker, Elisabeth, George, Christa, Möbus, Hannah, Plöger, Elisa, Pilz, Ruben, Plöger, Katharina, Sassenrath, Dominik, Scheele, Anna, Spinn, Christoph, Zech, Maximilian, Von Heesen, Georg, Emons, Ricardo, Kosch, Naomi, Gedeon, Gideon, Linden, Kjell, Kühn, Michael, Tachezy, Nikolas, Psathakis, Andreas, Schroeter, Patrick, Berndt, Sarah, Gries, Lisa, Gruber, Julia, Kleinert, Jil, Messerer, Claudia, Preiser, Michael, Reimelt Alex, Hannah, Schneider, Ajith, Thavarasa, Daniel, Werthschulte Moritz, Florian, Vondran, Lydia, Beck, Melissa, Braun, Charlotte, Kunder, Till, Seiboldt, Kilian, Baumgärtner, Sophie, Belosevic Amelie, Fynn, Betge, Sven, Blobner, Jonas, Böhnlein, Niall, Brindl, Yannick, Dunkel, Sebastian, Forster, Mirco, Friedrich, Cornelius, Funk, Huilin, Guo, Harapan, Biyan Nathanael, Sophie, Henneken, Max, Hubert, Florian, Iser, Maximilian, Joos, Julia, Josten, Carolin, Kaduk, Hannah, Kapell, Ji, Kim, Young, Lukas, Klein, Clara, Köhler, Felix, Köpfer, Philippa, Lantwin, Julia, Liszowski, Daniela, Merz, Linh-Cathrin, Nguyen, Zoe, Parsons, Vanessa, Pfeiffer, Daniela, Prechal, Thomas, Rösch, Rebecca, Rothenberger, Anna, Rümmele-Vogt, Jonathan, Schmalzridt, Corinna, Schuhmacher, Nikolai, Sonntag, Malko, Stille, Alexander, Studier-Fischer, Maximilian, Töllner, Deborah, Van Eickels, Omrahn, Waizy, Virginia, Wen, Rosa, Klotz, André, Mihaljevic, Jan-Paul, Gundlach, Felix, Wehking, Thomas, Becker, Jonas, Voigt, Leon, Schütze, Kathrin, Fröhlich Melissa, Fiona, Zehetmeier, Sophia, Stelzner Emma, Lisa, Skaberna, Patrizia, Steffen, Lukas, Zähring, Anna, Riedel, Florian, Herrle, Corinna, Meyer-Gehlen, Florian, Obereisenbuchner, Antonia, Wehn, Quentin, Fichaux, Morgana, Michalski, Max, Schönberger, Alina, Kappenberger, Malte, Schirren, Petra, Zimmermann, Meret, Erichsen, Nico, Gläser, Franziska, Leichtle, Jonathan, Behr, Samira, Gerich, Janina, Hägele, Dominik, Hüsken, Majd, Ismail, Luise, Karras, Natalija, Kastratovic, Anastasia, Kosmidou, Pascal, Lessing, Marin, Zaimi, Linyun, Zhang, Maximilian, Denzinger, Sandra, Graf, Patrick, Heger, Nadir, Nasir, and Dan, Radmann

Published
2024
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9. Complement Terminal Pathway Activation and Intrarenal Immune Response in C3 Glomerulopathy

Author

Meuleman, Marie-Sophie, Petitprez, Florent, Pickering, Matthew C., Le Quintrec, Moglie, Artero, Mikel Rezola, Duval, Anna, Rabant, Marion, Gilmore, Alyssa, Boyer, Olivia, Hogan, Julien, Servais, Aude, Provot, François, Gnemmi, Vivianne, Eloudzeri, Maeva, Grunenwald, Anne, Buob, David, Boffa, Jean-Jacques, Moktefi, Anissa, Audard, Vincent, Goujon, Jean-Michel, Bridoux, Frank, Thervet, Eric, Karras, Alexandre, Roumenina, Lubka T., Frémeaux Bacchi, Véronique, Duong Van Huyen, Jean-Paul, and Chauvet, Sophie

Published
2024
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10. Consolidation with First and Second Allogeneic Transplants in Adults with Relapsed/Refractory B-ALL Following Response to CD19CAR T Cell Therapy

Author

Aldoss, Ibrahim, Shan, Haoyue, Yang, Dongyun, Clark, Mary C., Al Malki, Monzr, Aribi, Ahmed, Agrawal, Vaibhav, Sandhu, Karamjeet, Salhotra, Amandeep, Pourhassan, Hoda, Koller, Paul, Ali, Haris, Artz, Andrew, Karras, Nicole, Pawlowska, Anna B., Murphy, Lindsey, Palmer, Joycelynne, Stein, Anthony, Marcucci, Guido, Pullarkat, Vinod, Nakamura, Ryotaro, and Forman, Stephen J.

Abstract

•AlloHCT post CAR-T response is feasible and associated with low early NRM.•AlloHCT outcomes in CAR-T responders were encouraging in high-risk r/r B-ALL.•Encouraging outcomes extend to CAR-T responders undergoing second transplant.

Published
2024
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41. Predictors of salvage therapy for parasagittal meningiomas treated with primary surgery, radiosurgery, or surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy.

Author

Joy Trybula, S., Nandoliya, Khizar R., Youngblood, Mark W., Karras, Constantine L., Fernandez, Luis G., Oyon, Daniel E., Texakalidis, Pavlos, Khan, Osaama H., Lesniak, Maciej S., Tate, Matthew C., Rosenow, Joshua M., Hill, Virginia B., Hijaz, Tarek A., Russell, Eric J., Sachdev, Sean, Kalapurakal, John A., Horbinski, Craig M., Magill, Stephen T., and Chandler, James P.

Abstract

• Parasagittal meningiomas have a relatively high rate of recurrence. • Salvage therapy is associated with several histological and radiographic factors. • Superior sagittal sinus invasion and WHO grade independently predict salvage. • Treatment modality (surgery, radiation, or both) does not affect progression. Parasagittal meningiomas (PM) are treated with primary microsurgery, radiosurgery (SRS), or surgery with adjuvant radiation. We investigated predictors of tumor progression requiring salvage surgery or radiation treatment. We sought to determine whether primary treatment modality, or radiologic, histologic, and clinical variables were associated with tumor progression requiring salvage treatment. Retrospective study of 109 consecutive patients with PMs treated with primary surgery, radiation (RT), or surgery plus adjuvant RT (2000–2017) and minimum 5 years follow-up. Patient, radiologic, histologic, and treatment data were analyzed using standard statistical methods. Median follow up was 8.5 years. Primary treatment for PM was surgery in 76 patients, radiation in 16 patients, and surgery plus adjuvant radiation in 17 patients. Forty percent of parasagittal meningiomas in our cohort required some form of salvage treatment. On univariate analysis, brain invasion (OR: 6.93, p < 0.01), WHO grade 2/3 (OR: 4.54, p < 0.01), peritumoral edema (OR: 2.81, p = 0.01), sagittal sinus invasion (OR: 6.36, p < 0.01), sagittal sinus occlusion (OR: 4.86, p < 0.01), and non-spherical shape (OR: 3.89, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with receiving salvage treatment. On multivariate analysis, superior sagittal sinus invasion (OR: 8.22, p = 0.01) and WHO grade 2&3 (OR: 7.58, p < 0.01) were independently associated with receiving salvage treatment. There was no difference in time to salvage therapy (p = 0.11) or time to progression (p = 0.43) between patients receiving primary surgery alone, RT alone, or surgery plus adjuvant RT. Patients who had initial surgery were more likely to have peritumoral edema on preoperative imaging (p = 0.01). Median tumor volume was 19.0 cm3 in patients receiving primary surgery, 5.3 cm3 for RT, and 24.4 cm3 for surgery plus adjuvant RT (p < 0.01). Superior sagittal sinus invasion and WHO grade 2/3 are independently associated with PM progression requiring salvage therapy regardless of extent of resection or primary treatment modality. Parasagittal meningiomas have a high rate of recurrence with 80.0% of patients with WHO grade 2/3 tumors with sinus invasion requiring salvage treatment whereas only 13.6% of the WHO grade 1 tumors without sinus invasion required salvage treatment. This information is useful when counseling patients about disease management and setting expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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