Search

Your search keyword '"Kilmister, Ethan J."' showing total 2 results
Start Over Author "Kilmister, Ethan J." Database Supplemental Index
2 results on '"Kilmister, Ethan J."'

1. Embryonic stem cell-like subpopulations are present within Schwannoma.

Author

Kilmister, Ethan J., Patel, Josie, Bockett, Nicholas, Chang-McDonald, Bridget, Sim, Dalice, Wickremesekera, Agadha, Davis, Paul F., and Tan, Swee T.

Abstract

• Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and c-MYC are expressed in Schwannoma. • The endothelium of the tumor microvessels of Schwannoma that express iPSC markers displays an endothelial progenitor cell phenotype. • We demonstrate two embryonic stem cell-like subpopulations: an OCT4+/SOX2+/NANOG+/KLF4+/c-MYC+/CD133+ subpopulation on the endothelium of tumor microvessels, and an OCT4-/SOX2+/NANOG-/KLF4+/c-MYC+/CD133+ subpopulation within Schwannoma. There is accumulating evidence of the presence of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells in benign tumors. This study aimed to identify ESC-like cells in Schwannoma using the induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4 and c-MYC. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining (n = 20) and RT-qPCR (n = 6) were performed on Schwannoma tissue samples (STS) to investigate protein and mRNA expression of these iPSC markers, respectively. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was performed to investigate co-localization of the iPSC markers with CD34, α-SMA and CD133. IHC staining and RT-qPCR demonstrated protein and mRNA expression of all five iPSC markers, respectively. IF staining showed expression of SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC on the tumor cells and the endothelium of the tumor microvessels which also expressed OCT4, while NANOG was exclusively expressed on the endothelium of the tumor microvessels. The OCT4+/CD34+ endothelium expressed CD133. We have identified a putative OCT4+/SOX2+/NANOG+/KLF4+/c-MYC+/CD133+ ESC-like subpopulation on the endothelium of tumor microvessels and an OCT4-/SOX2+/NANOG-/KLF4+/c-MYC+/CD133+ ESC-like subpopulation, within Schwannoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. The Role of the Renin–Angiotensin System in the Cancer Stem Cell Niche

Author

Kilmister, Ethan J. and Tan, Swee T.

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive metastasis, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. CSCs reside within a niche, an anatomically distinct site within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that consists of malignant and non-malignant cells, including immune cells. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS), a critical regulator of stem cells and key developmental processes, plays a vital role in the TME. Non-malignant cells within the CSC nicheand stem cell signaling pathways such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways influence CSCs. Components of the RAS and cathepsins B and D that constitute bypass loops of the RAS are expressed on CSCs in many cancer types. There is extensive in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that RAS inhibition reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, there is inconsistent epidemiological data on the effect of RAS inhibitors on cancer incidence and survival outcomes, attributed to different patient characteristics and methodologies used between studies. Further mechanistic studies are warranted to investigate the precise effects of the RAS on CSCs directly and/or the CSC niche. Targeting the RAS, its bypass loops, and convergent signaling pathways participating in the TME and other key stem cell pathways that regulate CSCs may be a novel approach to cancer treatment:

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results